19683 research outputs found
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Prevalence of tinnitus following non-blast related traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of literature
No full textObjectives: To establish the prevalence of tinnitus in adults who have sustained non-blast related traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as the prevalence of tinnitus following TBI in the absence of hearing loss. Methods: A systematic search was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL from January 1st 1990 to August 14th 2023. TBI, tinnitus and auditory findings were extracted from all eligible studies, and a descriptive synthesis performed. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42022377637). Results: Based on the Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) (2011) criteria, the highest quality evidence identified was at Level 2b, with the bulk of the included studies predominantly populating the lower evidence tiers. While there was a substantial variability in the methods used to establish and report the presence of tinnitus, its occurrence following TBI was evident in adults with and without hearing loss. Conclusion: The need for prospective, longitudinal research into tinnitus following non-blast related TBI is evident. Such comprehensive studies hold the potential to inform and enhance the clinical diagnosis and management of this patient population
A qualitative exploration of challenges recruiting older adults for Being Your Best, a co-designed holistic intervention to manage and reduce frailty: lessons learnt amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Australia
No full textObjectives: Researchers face numerous challenges when recruiting participants for health and social care research. This study reports on the challenges faced recruiting older adults for Being Your Best, a co-designed holistic intervention to manage and reduce frailty, and highlights lessons learnt amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A qualitative study design was used. Referrer interviews were conducted to explore the recruitment challenges faced by the frontline workers. An audit of the research participant (aged ≥65) database was also undertaken to evaluate the reasons for refusal to participate and withdrawal from the study. Setting: Hospital emergency departments (EDs) and a home care provider in Melbourne, Australia. Participants: Frontline workers and older adults. Results: From May 2022 to June 2023, 71 referrals were received. Of those referrals, only 13 (18.3%) agreed to participate. Three participants withdrew immediately after baseline data collection, and the remaining 10 continued to participate in the programme. Reasons for older adult non-participation were (1) health issues (25.3%), (2) ineligibility (18.3%), (3) lack of interest (15.5%), (4) perceptions of being 'too old' (11.2%) and (5) perceptions of being too busy (5.6%). Of those participating, five were female and five were male. Eleven referrer interviews were conducted to explore challenges with recruitment, and three themes were generated after thematic analysis: (1) challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) characteristics of the programme and (3) health of older adults. Conclusion: Despite using multiple strategies, recruitment was much lower than anticipated. The ED staff were at capacity associated with pandemic-related activities. While EDs are important sources of participants for research, they were not suitable recruitment sites at the time of this study, due to COVID-19-related challenges. Programme screening characteristics and researchers' inability to develop rapport with potential participants also contributed to low recruitment numbers.</p
A comparative analysis of financial and nonfinancial rewards on work motivation and knowledge sharing in a postpandemic era
No full textPurpose: This paper aims to examine the impacts of financial and nonfinancial incentives on the development of employee work motivation and knowledge sharing in the postpandemic environment. The paper further investigates the role of transformational leadership as a moderator in enhancing the relationship between work motivation and knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach: Adopting a quantitative approach, the study uses data collected from multiple informants, specifically senior managers, in Nepalese manufacturing and service business-to-business (B2B) firms. Findings: Contrary to prior research, the results reveal that nonfinancial incentives have a stronger impact on work motivation in the postpandemic era. This enhanced work motivation, in turn, contributes to knowledge sharing, with transformational leadership further strengthening the relationship. Practical implications The findings suggest that B2B firms should consider moving toward leveraging nonfinancial incentives to motivate employees to develop knowledge sharing initiatives, especially in challenging circumstances such as those experienced in the postpandemic era. In addition, it is recommended that chief executive officers adopt a transformational leadership style to facilitate effective knowledge sharing within their firms. Originality/value In a developing economy and amid the challenges of the global pandemic, there has been limited research exploring the possible effects that financial and nonfinancial incentives could have on work motivation and knowledge sharing. This research bridges this gap by providing a fresh perspective on work motivation and knowledge management in B2B firms, contributing novel insights to the literature.</p
Injury Risk and Prevention Strategies Among Saudi and Irish Amateur Women Soccer Players – A qualitative study
No full textAbstract: This qualitative study aimed to explore how Saudi and Irish women amateur soccer players perceive soccer-related injury risk and prevention, including barriers and facilitators to the implementation of prevention strategies. Online interviews were conducted with 36 amateur women soccer players (20 Saudi and 16 Irish) of 18 years and older. Findings were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Three main themes were identified; (1) “we don’t have enough knowledge about injury prevention” (2) implementing injury prevention measures varies across players and teams, and (3) “we love the game…but we are undervalued”. The biopsychosocial characteristics of the players influenced their experiences on injury prevention in all three themes. Tailored educational programmes for women, their coaches, and parents of younger players, as well as provision of the required support for amateur teams are recommended to encourage participation and implementation of evidence-based injury prevention strategies, taking player’s biopsychosocial characteristics into account.</p
Banksia scent chemistry - raw data
No full textData set associated with the study of pollinator visitation and floral scent of nine Banksia spcies. 1. visitation data based on camera trapping of vertebrates and diurnal surveys of invertebrates (video recordings of flowers). 2. tibble of volatile compounds detected in headspace of flowers of nine Banksia species. 3. comp names and inchikeys metadata. 4. top 50 compounds tibble - used for heatmap. 5. Kovats calculator based on C8-20 series (non-polar column). 6. calculated scent richness. 7. R-code used for analyses</p
Continuity of care by a primary midwife (caseload midwifery): a cost analysis using results from the COSMOS randomised controlled trial
No full textIntroduction: Caseload midwifery (continuity of midwifery carer) offers benefits including lower caesarean section rates, lower risks of preterm birth and stillbirth, and improved maternal satisfaction of care. Despite these advantages, concerns about additional costs hinder widespread implementation. This study examines the cost of caseload midwifery compared with standard maternity care from the perspective of both public hospitals and public funders.Methods: A cost analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial of 2314 low-risk pregnant women in Melbourne, Australia. Women randomised to caseload care received antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care from a primary midwife, with some care provided by a ‘back-up’ midwife. Women in standard care received midwifery-led care with varying levels of continuity, junior obstetric care or community-based medical care. The cost analysis compared differences in mean costs of health resources to public hospitals and to public funders. Additionally, a budget impact analysis estimated total costs to the health system between 2023 and 2027.Results: For public hospitals, there was no significant difference in overall costs between women receiving caseload midwifery (n=1146) versus standard care (n=1151) (A4967) vs A7404); p=0.85). Conversely, public funders incurred lower expenditures for women receiving caseload midwifery (A8312)) versus standard care (A11 818); p <0.001). The budget impact analysis estimated savings of $A625 million to the health system over the next 5 years with expanded access to caseload midwifery in Australia.Conclusion: Caseload midwifery in low-risk women is cost-neutral to public hospitals and cost-saving to public funders.Tweetable abstractContinuity of midwifery for low-risk women reduces costs to public funders, with no additional costs to hospitals.</p
Child and caregiver predictors of primary caregiver participation in families of school‐aged Autistic children
No full textEngaging in meaningful activities (e.g., leisure, spiritual, fitness) significantly affects caregivers' quality of life (QoL), yet the determinants of participation in caregivers of Autistic children remain largely unknown. The current study examined child and caregiver correlates of primary caregiver participation in meaningful activities. One hundred and six primary caregivers of Autistic children (7–12 years) were recruited from three unique cohorts of Autistic children in this cross-sectional study. Primary caregivers completed online questionnaires measuring occupational gaps (i.e., desired activities caregivers are not participating in), QoL, parenting stress, perceived family outcomes, and social support. In addition to undertaking direct assessments of children's cognition and language, primary caregivers also reported on their child's adaptive behavior, social–emotional skills, and participation. Caregivers reporting fewer occupational gaps (i.e., ≤2 desired activities) were more likely to have Autistic children with no co-occurring conditions, who were older, and with better adaptive behaviors, social–emotional skills, and more frequent home and school participation, compared to caregivers reporting many gaps (i.e., ≥3 desired activities). Caregivers with fewer occupational gaps also reported improved QoL, parenting stress, social support, perceived community inclusiveness, and family outcomes. Logistic regression analysis identified child age, child adaptive behavior, social–emotional skills, home participation, and the caregivers' perceived family outcomes and QoL as important predictors of their occupational gaps. The findings demonstrate that caregiver participation in desired activities was associated with increased functional ability and independence of the child, as well as their perceived capacity to meet their child's needs. Supporting parents' sense of efficacy in meeting their children's needs and building their skills and knowledge will serve to improve both caregiver and child outcomes.</p
Online learning for allied health knowledge translation: A systematic review
No full textPurpose: To synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of online learning platforms for facilitating knowledge translation in allied health professionals.
Methodology: A systematic review of the literature searched three databases (Medline-OVID, CINAHL, Embase) in November 2023 for studies measuring outcomes of knowledge translation initiatives targeting allied health professionals delivered using online learning platforms. Papers were eligible if allied health professionals made up at least 50% of the sample, most of the learning component was online, and comparative data was reported. Data were extracted using a customised form. Quality of studies was appraised using the Downs and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient homogenous data were available.
Findings: Twenty-three studies published over a 13-year period were included in this review primarily using pre-post study designs. All reported improvements in either knowledge, skill and/or confidence, with an meta-analysis (n=9 studies) showing a significant increase in knowledge gain after exposure to online learning (SMD 1.39; 95% CI = 0.96-1.83). However, there is little evidence that participation in online learning is associated with a change in clinical practice.
Research Implications: This study supports previous research that online learning can improve knowledge but highlights a need for more rigorous studies addressing the impacts on behaviour change.
Practical Implications: Online learning is an effective way of improving knowledge, skill and/or confidence but additional knowledge translation strategies may be needed to lead to a behaviour change.
Originality/Value: Synthesis of current knowledge of the value and limitations of online learning as a tool to facilitate the implementation of evidence into practice in the allied health professions.
Limitations: This review was limited to studies published in the English language only. The quality of studies in this field is low. Few studies measure behaviour change
The Relationship Between Masculinity and Men’s COVID-19 Safety Precautions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textStudies have indicated that men are less likely to engage in COVID-19- safety precautions such as mask wearing and social distancing compared to women, and men’s adherence to masculine gender norms may contribute to this discrepancy. This systematic review sought to consolidate extant research exploring the relationship between men’s adherence to masculine norms and their attitudes and engagement with COVID-19 safety precautions. A systematic search was conducted across APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS to identify data from quantitative and qualitative studies, written in English, using samples including adolescent or adult males. Of the 4, 326 studies initially identified, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria (eight quantitative and three qualitative). A total number of 3, 134 male participants were included, the majority of which were from North America. The meta-analysis revealed a negative relationship between men’s adherence to masculine norms and wearing masks (r = −.52, n = 2, 783) and general or mixed measures of COVID-19 precautions (r = −.18, n = 612). There was insufficient evidence to metaanalyse other specific relationships; however, the thematic synthesis revealed a limited quantity of evidence that reported mixed findings about whether or not masculinity is related the specific precautions of hand washing, social distancing, restricted travel, vaccinations, and staying at home. As the majority of studies were U.S. based and the concept of masculinity can vary by culture, further research is required to determine the cross-cultural validity of these findings. The present review provides valuable insight for policy makers looking to mitigate the spread of COVID-19
Motivational Interviewing for Low Back Pain
No full textSubmitted in total fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.</p