19683 research outputs found
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Play nicely: Considerations in teaching prosocial behaviour in physical education
No full textSocial demand calls on the education sector to provide children with the tools and strategies to adapt to the continual changes and requirements of contemporary society. Teaching children values and positive behaviours remains an important topic that is connected to positive youth development.</p
Ultrahuman Ring Health Monitoring Dashboard and Analysis Tool
No full textA comprehensive Python web dashboard for visualising and analysing your Ultrahuman ring data locally. Get detailed insights into your sleep, heart rate, HRV, glucose levels, and more!</p
Associations between health literacy, well‐being and general health in adults with type 2 diabetes, considering culturally and linguistically diverse background: Results from the first diabetes MILES Australia study
No full textNo description supplied</p
Australian Post Keynesianism
No full textThis article on post Keynesianism in Australia looks at both theoretic contributions by leading Australian economists and how at times Australian economic policy displayed certain attributes of post Keynesianism.</p
The use of discrete choice experiments in evaluating telehealth: a systematic review
No full textBackground: There is a growing body of evidence from discrete choice experiments related to telehealth. Discrete choice experiments offer valuable insights in informing the design and evaluation of telehealth services and supporting the telehealth implementation and policy. Objective: This review aims to examine studies assessing consumer preferences for telehealth using discrete choice experiments. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, searching five health and multidisciplinary databases from inception until 4 April 2024. Grey literature searches, hand-searching, and reference list checks were also performed. Results: Of 2832 studies screened, 52 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted from the patient perspective (n=47/52, 90 %) and covered a wide range of populations and settings. Of the included studies eligible for quality assessment, 68 % (n=23/34) received high-quality ratings, while others were assessed as moderate. Studies comparing face-to-face consultations with telehealth generally found a preference for face-to-face appointments. Telehealth is viewed more favourably if it can be offered at a lower cost, reduces wait times, and is part of a comprehensive care plan. Telehealth tends to be preferred by younger patients and clinicians, those digitally literate, and those with less severe or more private and stigmatised health conditions. Conclusion: While face-to-face consultations are generally preferred, telehealth is viewed as advantageous if it reduces costs, shortens wait times, and is integrated into comprehensive care. The findings highlight the importance of considering these attributes when designing telehealth preference studies and informing the adoption and design of telehealth services.</p
Associations of glycaemia-related risk factors with dementia and cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAims: To quantify prospective associations of glycaemia-related factors with cognitive decline and all-cause dementia and its subtypes in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We systematically searched Embase and MEDLINE (January 2000–October 2024) for studies in people with diabetes reporting longitudinal associations of a relevant exposure (i.e. hypoglycaemia, HbA1c, HbA1c variability or diabetes duration) with any of these outcomes: cognitive decline, all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia (VaD). Data were meta-analysed using a random-effects model followed by meta-regression if appropriate. Results: Forty studies representing 7,076,724 individuals with diabetes were included. Hypoglycaemia was significantly associated with 49% and 31% higher risks of all-cause dementia and AD, respectively. The pooled effect size did not significantly vary according to age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking, follow-up length, comorbid hypertension, kidney disease, dyslipidaemia or stroke (all p > 0.05). A positive association existed between hypoglycaemia frequency and all-cause dementia, with maximum hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.36–2.60 in the highest exposure group. HbA1c showed a positive risk gradient for all-cause dementia, with maximum significant HRs of 1.40–3.88 for the highest category, while only three studies were available for meta-analysis, with a pooled HR (95% CI) of 1.18 (0.97, 1.45). HbA1c variability and diabetes duration were each significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia. Limited evidence supported a relationship between glycaemia-related factors and cognitive decline. Conclusions: Having a history of hypoglycaemia, longer diabetes duration, and higher HbA1c levels and variability were related to higher dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes.</p
Drought, topography, and forest management shape wildfire occurrence and severity in montane Australian landscapes
No full textIn recent decades, changes in climate and land use have reshaped forest landscapes across the globe, altering the timing and severity of forest fires. This study investigated the influence of climate, landform, forest disturbances, and management on wildfire occurrence and severity in the montane forests of south-eastern Australia. Modelling of spatial data from 1981 to 2020 showed that fire occurrence was highly sensitive to the top-down influence of antecedent drought, whereas fire severity was primarily influenced by bottom-up factors such as topography, past fires, and historical timber harvesting. Below-average rainfall and high vapour pressure deficit, incorporated into a forest drought stress index, were postiviely associated with wildfire occurrence. This relationship between climate and wildfire occurrence varied across ecosystems and was generally stronger in lower elevation montane forests compared to higher elevation areas. Time since the last fire was also influential: forests that had recently burned (e.g., </p
The impact of synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy combined with broad beam in a pre-clinical breast cancer model
No full textPurpose: Both local tumor control and distant metastasis are important indicators of the efficacy of radiation therapy treatment. Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), spatially fractionated radiation delivered at ultrahigh dose rates, shows remarkable normal tissue sparing with excellent local control in some models. Some MRT regimens trigger an antitumor immune response that contributes not only to the local but also to systemic treatment efficacy. Despite recent advances in the treatment of primary breast cancer, metastatic disease is still the major cause of treatment failure in the clinic. Here, in an aggressive preclinical triple-negative breast cancer model, we compared local tumor response and metastasis following different MRT treatment programs. Methods and Materials: 4T1.2 mouse mammary tumors were treated with 300 Gy peak/7 Gy valley dose MRT and/or 8 Gy broad beam (BB) radiation, all delivered as daily fractionated programs (3 consecutive daily sessions of either MRT or BB or 1 MRT combined with 2 BB sessions, the first or last of the 3 fractions). The mice were euthanized on day 9 post last irradiation, when unirradiated control animals reached an ethical endpoint. Primary tumors were collected to evaluate immune cell prevalence, while lungs, spinal cords, and locoregional lymph nodes were collected to measure metastatic burden. In parallel, local tumor growth and survival were monitored. Results: The combined MRT/BB treatment shifted the balance between pro- and antitumorigenic macrophages toward the accumulation of antitumorigenic macrophages in the tumor. Monitoring of the tumor volume and animal health indicated the benefit of the combined MRT/BB treatment for local control and treatment tolerance, while animal survival was only marginally longer for one combined schedule. The metastatic burden was similar for all 4 treatment schedules. Conclusions: The addition of a single MRT to BB treatment improved the primary tumor response. This provides a basis for future experiments incorporating adjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy to improve local and systemic treatment outcomes.</p
Unearthing the secrets of Australia’s most enigmatic and cryptic mammal, the marsupial mole
No full textThe marsupial moles are arguably Australia’s most enigmatic marsupials. Almost indistinguishable from placental (eutherian) moles, they provide a striking example of convergent evolution. Exploring the genome of the southern marsupial mole, we provide insights into its unusual biology. We show definitively by retrophylogenomic analysis that marsupial moles are most closely related to bandicoots and bilbies (order Peramelemorphia). We find evidence of a marked decline in marsupial mole effective population size, most likely preceding the arrival of humans in regions near its range, and potentially corresponding to periods of climatic change. Our analysis of loss of eye function—an adaptation to subterranean life—reveals a structured order of loss of gene function associated first with the lens, then cone, and finally rod cells. Last, we identify genetic changes suggestive of adaptation to an oxygen-poor environment and of its evolution of partially descended testes.</p
Ophthalmic care education and training in nursing: A scoping review
No full textBackground: Ophthalmic care is a fundamental component of patient care, encompassing a range of interventions such as basic eye hygiene and medication administration, through to advanced skills in assessment and diagnostics. Aim: To explore what is known about ophthalmic content in nurse education, training and curricula and identify advanced nursing skills necessary for competence in ophthalmic care. Design: This scoping review was informed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist (PRISMA-SrC). Methods: Six databases were searched for quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods studies and structured review peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2013 and 2023 using Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases. Two reviewers conducted titles and abstracts and full-text screening and data extraction. Results: From a total of 3231 records, 31 studies were included in the final review. A majority of studies focused on targeted training in specific skills necessary for advanced nursing practice or professional development for nurses in basic eye care. There was a dearth in research around undergraduate education. Conclusions: Task shifting has led to many nurses being trained in advanced ophthalmic practice. However, professional development in basic eye care indicates that undergraduate nursing preparation may be inadequate. Furthermore, it is unclear what fundamental content and skills undergraduate nursing curricula require. This may indicate that graduates may not be well-prepared to provide basic eye care. The findings suggest a critical need for further research into basic and advanced nursing roles, as well as ophthalmic content, within formal nursing curricula. This is essential to ensure comprehensive preparation of graduates for ophthalmic care and skills.</p