19683 research outputs found
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Transforming personally and professionally through global cultural experience: A grounded theory study
No full textBackground: Participation in international educational programs during nurses’ and midwives’ preregistration education provides an opportunity to experience healthcare in different cultures. Short-term outcomes of participation have been reported; however, little has been published regarding long-term outcomes and theoretical processes for nurses and midwives who participate in such programs.
Purpose: To provide in-depth understandings through a theoretical model of long-term outcomes and impacts for nurses and midwives who participate in international educational programs during their preregistration education.
Methods: Constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed in this study. Thirteen general nurses, two mental health nurses, three midwives, and four dual-qualified nurse/midwives from eight different countries were interviewed.
Conclusion: The substantive theory, “Transforming personally and professionally through global cultural experience,” presents an explanation of processes and long-term impacts for those who participated in international programs during their preregistration education.</p
Global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations. A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Musculoskeletal pain in rural and urban populations
No full textIntroduction: To systematically compare the global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and care-seeking in rural and urban populations. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies reporting a direct comparison of rural and urban populations was conducted worldwide and included back, knee, hip, shoulder, neck pain and a broad diagnosis of ‘musculoskeletal pain’. A search strategy combining terms related to ‘prevalence’, ‘musculoskeletal pain’ and ‘rural’ was used on the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and rural and remote health from their inception to 1 June 2022. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the data. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: A total of 42 studies from 24 countries were included with a total population of 489 439 participants. The quality scores for the included studies, using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale tool, showed an average score of 0.78/1, which represents an overall good quality. The pooled analysis showed statistically greater odds of hip (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.23–2.15), shoulder (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.06–1.90) and overall musculoskeletal pain (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08–1.47) in rural populations compared to urban populations. Although the odds of seeking treatment were higher in rural populations this relationship was not statistically significant (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.55–1.03). Conclusion: Very low-certainty evidence suggests that musculoskeletal, hip and shoulder pain are more prevalent in rural than urban areas, although neck, back and knee pain, along with care-seeking, showed no significant difference between these populations. Strategies aimed to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal pain should consider the specific needs and limited access to quality evidence-based care for musculoskeletal pain of rural populations.</p
Chronic and contextual identity salience: Assessing dual-dimensional salience with the Identity Salience Questionnaire (ISQ)
No full textIdentity Salience is a common construct within social identity research. However, researchers note that it is poorly defined and inconsistently operationalized. We posit that identity salience comprises two elements: chronic (perpetually thinking about the identity) and contextual (only thinking about the identity when prompted) salience. We present evidence for this claim through the development and validation of the dual-dimensional Identity Salience Questionnaire (ISQ). Studies 1-2 (Ns=414; 1,069) provide exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic evidence of the ISQ among LGBTIQA+ participants. Study 2 also provides evidence of measurement invariance, convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity, and internal reliability. Study 3 (N=318) indicates strong test-retest reliability. Study 4 (N=107 social psychologists) confirms the ISQ’s content validity. Future research for the ISQ is discussed.</p
Exploring long-term outcomes of a peer support programme for parents* of children with disability in Australia
No full textPeer support groups can offer parents of children with disability, positive well-being outcomes. Peer support groups not only provide opportunities for connections with others with similar experiences but also provide resources and information, emotional support, a sense of belonging and may help reduce stress and isolation. Peer support groups are an established form of support existing within family centred practice. However, it is unclear whether peer support groups achieve the outcomes that they aim to deliver. Further, little is known about the longer-term outcomes for parents attending such groups. This study aimed to explore the medium- and long-term outcomes and experiences of parents who participated in a peer support programme (the Now and Next programme) for parents of children with disability. Well-being data were collected at three timepoints (Ts): prior to commencing the programme (T1), immediately after completion of the programme (T2) and 6–30 months after completion of the programme (T3). Results of the study showed empowerment and well-being improved from T1 to T2, with gains maintained at T3. Hope scores did not significantly change over time. Participants continued to set and achieve goals over time using resources from the programme. Improvements in parents' well-being and empowerment scores were maintained in the longer-term. Our study contributes to evidence confirming sustained long-term outcomes of peer support programmes and demonstrates that building parent capacity, empowerment and well-being has a lasting effect on the parents of children with disability.</p
Anconeus Exertional Compartment Syndrome and Posterolateral Rotatory Elbow Instability: A Clinical Association and Rare Cause of Elbow Pain
No full textBACKGROUND: Anconeus compartment syndrome is a rarely reported compartment syndrome in the anconeus muscle compartment of the forearm. It has anatomic and pathophysiological associations with posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow. PURPOSE: To present the history, management, and outcomes of 4 patients with anconeus compartment syndrome. Secondary aims were to (1) establish normative anconeus pressures and (2) measure the volume of this compartment with and without PLRI in cadavers. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Four patients with clinical signs of anconeus compartment syndrome (2 gymnasts, 1 swimmer, and 1 footballer/weightlifter) were identified over a 3-year period (2015-2017 inclusive). Patient history, sporting activity, physical examination, anconeus compartment pressures, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Manometry of the anconeus compartment in 2 healthy male controls was performed to establish normative compartment pressures. Anconeus volumetric anatomy and the effect of creating PLRI on compartment volume was investigated in 4 cadaveric elbows. RESULTS: All 4 patients had microtraumatic PLRI, and 2 patients had anconeus hypertrophy. Anconeus compartment pressures at rest and at 2-minutes postexercise were median 28.0 and 67.5 mm Hg, respectively, in the patients and mean 16.5 and 18 mm Hg, respectively, in the controls. Simultaneous fasciotomy and PLRI reconstructive procedures were performed in 2 patients, with outcomes showing full return to competition. Fasciotomy alone was performed in 2 patients to allow return to competition, with both requiring later reconstruction to address PLRI. Cadaver dissection revealed that the anconeus compartment was extremely small and that creation of PLRI reduced the direct volume of the compartment and increased the distance between the anconeus origin and insertion. CONCLUSION: Our case series demonstrated that anconeus compartment syndrome can occur in upper limb-dominant athletes in the presence of PLRI and anconeus hypertrophy. Pain is relieved by fasciotomy, but definitive treatment of the underlying instability prevents further symptomatology.</p
On r-equichromatic lines with few points in C²
No full textLet P be a set of n green and n − k red points in C2. A line determined by i green and j red points such that i + j ≥ 2 and |i − j|≤ r is called r-equichromatic. We establish lower bounds for 1-equichromatic and 2-equichromatic lines. In particular, we show that if at most 2n − k − 2 points of P are collinear, then the number of 1-equichromatic lines passing through at most six points is at least 1/4 (6n − k(k + 3)), and if at most 2/3 (2n − k) points of P are collinear, then the number of 2-equichromatic 3 lines passing through at most four points is at least 1/6 (10n − k(k + 5)).</p
When history won’t go away: abortion decriminalisation, residual criminalisation and continued exceptionalism
No full textBetween 2002 and 2023 all Australian jurisdictions decriminalised abortion. This involved removing the regulation of abortion from criminal law and replacing it with standalone Acts or sections situated within health law. New health law regulations range from minimal in the ACT, the first to decriminalise, to complex, especially in NSW and SA where anti-abortion amendments delivered requirements such as counselling and prohibitions on sex-selective abortion. In all jurisdictions, the removal of abortion from criminal law was incomplete as new offences were introduced to penalise ‘unqualified’ people who perform or assist in the performance of an abortion. The South Australian Law Reform Institute referred to this new criminal law as a ‘residual offence’. The residual offence exemplifies how decriminalising Acts continue to exceptionalise abortion.</p
Childhood infections, asthma and allergy trajectories, and chronic rhinosinusitis in middle age: A prospective cohort study across six decades
No full textIntroduction: Evidence on the early life risk factors of adult CRS, and the history of asthma and allergies across the life course, is limited. Aim: To investigate relationships between respiratory infective/allergic conditions in childhood, and asthma and allergies across the life course and CRS in middle age. Methods: Data were from the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) cohort, first studied in 1968 when aged 6–7 years (n = 8583) and serially followed into middle age (n = 3609). Using a well-accepted epidemiological definition, participants were assigned a CRS-severity subtype at age 53: no sinusitis/CRS (reference); past doctor diagnosis only; current symptoms without doctor diagnosis; and doctor-diagnosed CRS with current symptoms. Relationships with infective/allergic respiratory illnesses at age 7, and previously published asthma-allergy trajectories from 7 to 53 years, were examined using multinominal regression. Results: In middle age, 5.8% reported current CRS symptoms with 2.5% doctor-diagnosed. Childhood conditions associated with symptomatic doctor-diagnosed CRS included frequent head colds (multinomial odds ratio [mOR] = 2.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24, 3.37)), frequent tonsillitis (mOR = 1.61 [95% CI: 1.00, 2.59]) and current childhood asthma (mOR = 2.23 [95% CI: 1.25, 3.98]). Life course trajectories that featured late-onset or persistent asthma and allergies were associated with all CRS subtypes in middle age; early-onset persistent asthma and allergies (mOR = 6.74, 95% CI: 2.76, 16.4); late-onset asthma allergies (mOR = 15.9, 95% CI: 8.06, 31.4), and late-onset hayfever (mOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.51, 6.06) were associated with symptomatic doctor-diagnosed CRS. Conclusion: Current asthma, frequent head colds and tonsillitis at age 7 could signal a susceptible child who is at higher risk for CRS in mid-adult life and who might benefit from closer monitoring and/or proactive management. Concurrent asthma and allergies were strongly associated and are potential treatable traits of adult CRS.</p
The Importance of Friends and Corporate Finance Practices Around the World
No full textA thesis submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Economics and Finance, La Trobe Business School, College of Arts, Social Sciences and Commerce, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.</p
Measuring Acceleration in Team Sports with Wearable Sensors
No full textSubmitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.</p