19683 research outputs found
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Development, validation, and psychometric analysis of Foot and Ankle Flexibility Index (FAFI)
No full textAim: To develop a new tool for identifying joint hypermobility of the paediatric foot and ankle, based on a dichotomous scoring system utilising the Lower Limb Assessment Score (LLAS), to separate the foot and ankle items. Material and methods: A total of 205 children, aged between 5 and 10 years, participated in a cross-sectional study. The new tool Foot and Ankle Flexibility Index (FAFI) was predicated upon the last 7 items of LLAS, which are specific to the foot and ankle. The internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's test. Kappa statistics with 95% CI were calculated to verify the level of inter-rater and intra-rater agreement for the FAFI. Results: Cronbach's alpha returned 0.82. The correlations between items returned a mean of 0.59 (range: 0.43–0.74). The discrimination score on the ROC curve (4 points) showed that the model can be used to identify children with joint hypermobility of the foot and ankle. Inter-rater reliability was largely good (ICC = 0.89). Excellent intra-rater reliability was found (ICC = 0.96) Conclusions: This study identified high reliability between evaluators, and high sensitivity and specificity, for a new reliable and valid tool for the identification of foot and ankle joint hypermobility
Can deepfakes be used to study emotion perception? A comparison of dynamic face stimuli
No full textVideo recordings accurately capture facial expression movements; however, they are difficult for face perception researchers to standardise and manipulate. For this reason, dynamic morphs of photographs are often used, despite their lack of naturalistic facial motion. This study aimed to investigate how humans perceive emotions from faces using real videos and two different approaches to artificially generating dynamic expressions – dynamic morphs, and AI-synthesised deepfakes. Our participants perceived dynamic morphed expressions as less intense when compared with videos (all emotions) and deepfakes (fearful, happy, sad). Videos and deepfakes were perceived similarly. Additionally, they perceived morphed happiness and sadness, but not morphed anger or fear, as less genuine than other formats. Our findings support previous research indicating that social responses to morphed emotions are not representative of those to video recordings. The findings also suggest that deepfakes may offer a more suitable standardized stimulus type compared to morphs. Additionally, qualitative data were collected from participants and analysed using ChatGPT, a large language model. ChatGPT successfully identified themes in the data consistent with those identified by an independent human researcher. According to this analysis, our participants perceived dynamic morphs as less natural compared with videos and deepfakes. That participants perceived deepfakes and videos similarly suggests that deepfakes effectively replicate natural facial movements, making them a promising alternative for face perception research. The study contributes to the growing body of research exploring the usefulness of generative artificial intelligence for advancing the study of human perception
A Reasoning and Value Alignment Test to Assess Advanced GPT Reasoning
No full textIn response to diverse perspectives on
artificial general intelligence
(AGI), ranging from potential safety and ethical concerns to more extreme views about the threats it poses to humanity, this research presents a generic method to gauge the reasoning capabilities of
artificial intelligence
(AI) models as a foundational step in evaluating safety measures. Recognizing that AI reasoning measures cannot be wholly automated, due to factors such as cultural complexity, we conducted an extensive examination of five commercial
generative pre-trained transformers
(GPTs), focusing on their comprehension and interpretation of culturally intricate contexts. Utilizing our novel “Reasoning and Value Alignment Test,” we assessed the GPT models’ ability to reason in complex situations and grasp local cultural subtleties. Our findings have indicated that, although the models have exhibited high levels of human-like reasoning, significant limitations remained, especially concerning the interpretation of cultural contexts. This article also explored potential applications and use-cases of our Test, underlining its significance in AI training, ethics compliance, sensitivity auditing, and AI-driven cultural consultation. We concluded by emphasizing its broader implications in the AGI domain, highlighting the necessity for interdisciplinary approaches, wider accessibility to various GPT models, and a profound understanding of the interplay between GPT reasoning and cultural sensitivity
From concept to reality: A comprehensive exploration into the development and evolution of a virtual emergency department
No full textEmergency department (ED) overcrowding remains a persistent challenge in global public health, leading to detrimental outcomes for patients and healthcare professionals. Traditional approaches to improve this issue have been insufficient, prompting exploration of novel strategies such as virtual care interventions. Our team developed the first comprehensive statewide virtual ED in Australia, the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department, offering an alternative to in-person care for non-life-threatening emergencies. Here, we present the development and ongoing refinement of this pioneering virtual care service, aiming to provide insights for hospital administrators and policymakers seeking to implement patient-centric care solutions worldwide. By sharing our model of care, we hope to guide further work toward addressing the global problem of over crowded EDs
An elementary construction of modified Hamiltonians and modified measures of 2D Kahan maps
No full textWe show how to construct in an elementary way the invariant of the KHK discreti-sation of a cubic Hamiltonian system in two dimensions. That is, we show that this invariant is expressible as the product of the ratios of affine polynomials defining the prolongation of the three parallel sides of a hexagon. On the vertices of such a hexagon lie the indeterminacy points of the KHK map. This result is obtained by analysing the structure of the singular fibres of the known invariant. We apply this construction to several examples, and we prove that a similar result holds true for a case outside the hypotheses of the main theorem, leading us to conjecture that further extensions are possible
Analisis Kasus Malapraktik di Rumah Sakit di Indonesia = Analyzing Malpractice Cases in Indonesian Hospital
No full textMalapraktik medis merupakan penyebab utama mortalitas dan morbiditas di seluruh dunia. Selama rentang tahun 2010-2015, Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia memperkirakan adanya sekitar 485 kasus malapraktik dalam praktik keperawatan di Indonesia, terdiri dari 357 kasus malapraktik administratif, 82 kasus malapraktik sipil, dan 46 kasus malapraktik kriminal yang melibatkan unsur kelalaian.Tujuan dari studi ini adalah melakukan pemetaan terhadap kasus malapraktik yang terjadi di rumah sakit di Indonesia.Peneliti melakukan penelusuran kasus malapraktik pada Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia dari tahun 2011 sampai tahun 2021. Semua kasus malapraktik yang terjadi di rumah sakit masuk dalam kriteria inklusi. Setelah itu, dilakukan analisis deskriptif terkait kategori insiden, tenaga kesehatan yang terlibat, jenis dan status akreditasi rumah sakit.Hasil analisis terdapat 24 kasus malapraktik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kasus malapraktik di Indonesia menyebabkan kecacatan permanen (37,5%), melibatkan dokter (95,8%), terjadi di rumah sakit swasta (75%), terjadi di rumah sakit tipe B (79,2%), dan terjadi di rumah sakit terakreditasi paripurna (70,4%).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, masih banyaknya kasus malapraktik yang terjadi di rumah sakit di Indonesia. Studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tingginya status akreditasi rumah sakit belum tentu memberikan jaminan tidak terjadinya insiden.
Medical malpractice is a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. During the period of 2010-2015, the Indonesian National Nurses Association estimated approximately 485 cases of malpractice within nursing practices in Indonesia, comprising 357 cases of administrative malpractice, 82 cases of civil malpractice and 46 cases of criminal malpractice involving negligence. The goal of this study is to map malpractice cases that occur in Indonesian hospitals. Between 2011 and 2021, researchers searched for malpractice cases in the Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. The inclusion criteria included all hospital-related malpractice cases. Following that, a descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the type of incidents, the health personnel involved, and the status of the hospital's accreditation. The analysis by the Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia revealed 24 malpractice cases that met the inclusion criteria. According to the study's findings, 37.5 percent of malpractice cases in Indonesia resulted in permanent disability, involved doctors (95.8%), occurred in private hospitals (75%), type B hospitals (79.2%), and occurred in a paripurna accredited hospital (70.4%). Based on the findings of the research, it is possible to conclude that many cases of malpractice continue to occur in Indonesian hospitals. This study also demonstrates that a hospital's high accreditation status does not ensure that incidents do not occur. </p
Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Children: A Rapid Survey
No full textBackground: Pneumonia is the leading cause of infection-related death in children globally. East Java, Indonesia, is one of the provinces with the discovery achievement of pediatric pneumonia cases under 70%. Nganjuk Regency, located in East Java, has low discovery achievement of pediatric pneumonia cases (34.64%). Nganjuk Regency also requires an up-to-date study to determine the current state of pneumonia risk factors. Objective: This study aimed to examine the occurrence of pneumonia in toddlers and its risk factors in Nganjuk Regency East Java, Indonesia. Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional using a rapid survey. The participants of this study were 210 housewives or other adult household members having children under five in Nganjuk Regency. The study procedure began by collecting data from seven districts wherein each district comprised 30 houses that were chosen purposely. Data analysis was carried out using bivariate and multivariate analysis. The data were analyzed using the statistical software STATA. Results: This study revealed that 18 (7.96%) toddlers had developed pneumonia. The main risk factors for pneumonia among toddlers in Nganjuk Regency were the nutritional status of toddlers (OR=6.787; 95%CI=1.417- 32.525; p=0.017), house cleaning (OR=3.381; 95%CI=1.160-9.851; p=0.026), and room occupancy density (OR=4.191; 95%CI=1.371-12.809; p=0.012). Conclusion: The incidence of toddler pneumonia can be reduced by educating mothers about pneumonia and its risk factors, monitoring toddler growth and nutritional status, and conducting routine surveillance of toddler pneumonia alongside sanitation inspections
Evaluating the measurement properties and feasibility of physical activity and physical function assessments for children undergoing acute cancer treatment
No full textBackground: As physical function and physical activity are often compromised among children and adolescents undergoing acute cancer treatment, psychometrically robust and feasible assessment tools are needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the construct validity, responsiveness and feasibility of one physical activity assessment tool (Fitbit Inspire); and six physical function assessment tools (Movement ABC-2, Timed Up and Go, 30-s Chair Stand, Timed Rise from the Floor, Timed Up and Down Stairs, 6-min Walk Test) for children undergoing acute cancer treatment.
Methods: A prospectively-registered, mixed methods, single-group study evaluated measurement properties against a priori hypothesis using Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) framework. Feasibility was assessed quantitively (a priori thresholds), and qualitatively (semi-structured interviews, focus-groups).
Results: Twenty children/adolescents (median age 13 ± 5 years, various cancer diagnoses), 20 parents and 16 clinicians participated. Fitbit was feasible to assess daily steps only, had evidence of construct validity, tendency to overestimate step count and adequate evidence of responsiveness (compared to Actigraph). The 30-s Chair stand, 6-min Walk Test and Timed Up and Go were feasible and showed evidence of construct validity and responsiveness. To maximise feasibility, consideration of timing and intent of assessment are crucial.
Conclusion: Fitbit has limitations as a physical activity assessment tool. The 30-s Chair Stand, 6-min Walk Test and Timed Up and Go were feasible to use and showed favourable measurement properties to assess physical function.</p
Reliability of Nonlinear least square broken stick model in quantifying the effects of temperature and photoperiod on flowering of pigeonpea genotypes (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)
No full textTemperature and photoperiod are two major environmental determinants that affect the flowering time. The information on the effect of temperature and photoperiod on flowering response in pigeonpea is limited and needs updating for new genotypes. The present study aimed to assess the reliability of the Nonlinear least square broken stick model to quantify photothermal effects in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes. Data at 50 % flowering (FL) from pot, field, and temperaturecontrolled glasshouse experiments under eight sowing dates were analysed using regression models to describe the individual effect of temperature and photoperiod and photothermal models to quantify the combined effect. The critical photoperiod (Pce) and optimum temperature (To)predicted by the Nonlinear broken stick model for 50 % FL ranged from 12.4-13.4 h and 21.0 23.5 °C, respectively. The higher Pce reported for extra-early flowering genotype (QPL 1001) indicates that their insensitiveness to a range of photoperiod regimes compared to QPL 941 and ICP 14425 (medium duration). Further, the results also revealed that the time to 50 % FL of genotype QPL 1001 was strongly sensitive to the temperature at sub-optimal range (T To), with flowering being delayed in warmer temperatures. The parameters (To and Pce) derived from Nonlinear least square broken stick model can be used as a proxy to identify photoperiod insensitivity in pigeopea genotypes
Root patterns and exact surface energy of the spin-1 Heisenberg model with generic open boundaries
No full textWe investigate the thermodynamic limit and exact surface energy of the isotropic spin-1 Heisenberg chain with integrable generic open boundary conditions by a novel Bethe ansatz method. We obtain the homogeneous (or two-term) Bethe ansatz like equations for the zero roots of the transfer matrix. Based on the patterns of the zero roots, we analytical calculate the densities of zero roots and the surface energies of the model in all regimes of the boundary parameters