19683 research outputs found
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An expert consensus on the most effective components of integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy for lifestyle behaviour change: protocol for an online modified Delphi study
No full textAbstract:-
INTRODUCTION: Behaviour change interventions are advocated as a key approach to manage behavioural risk factors such as insufficient physical activity, poor diet and smoking. Integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy (MI-CBT) interventions have become increasingly popular to promote behaviour change; however, there is a lack of agreement as to what constitutes necessary components of MI-CBT interventions for lifestyle behaviour change. The primary objective of this study is to use a consensus method to develop guidelines to design and deliver MI-CBT interventions for lifestyle behaviour change. METHODS: A three-round modified Delphi study will be conducted with an expert, international panel of clinicians and researchers. An online survey will be developed from assessments of key MI-CBT literature and practice guides to identify commonly used components of individually delivered MI and CBT interventions. In each round, participants will rate the extent to which they agree with each component using a Likert scale. Responses from Rounds 1 and 2 will be presented to participants in subsequent rounds. Responses will be represented using bar graphs and include the median and IQR of participants' responses. To encourage consensus, participants will be asked to consider the group responses before finalising their opinion to the statements. If at least 80% of the experts agree to a statement in Rounds 2 or 3, it will be included in a final list of necessary statements.
DISCUSSION: This modified Delphi process will help transparency in the design and implementation of MI-CBT interventions. The consensus statement will also help reporting and comparability among effectiveness studies for MI-CBT intervention studies, and help inform research, policy and practice.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been granted by the La Trobe University Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number HEC24066). The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conferences and international professional associations.</p
Cultural suitability of schema therapy: a qualitative exploration of clinician views
No full textObjective: There is a growing popularity in the worldwide use of schema therapy (ST) to address a variety of psychological disorders. Yet, research into the cultural suitability of ST is scarce. This study aimed to explore ST clinicians’ experiences of the cultural suitability of ST. Method: Eleven clinicians from nine countries were interviewed about their experiences of practising ST. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Two main themes, each with subthemes, were identified. The first theme was considerations for Cultural Context and Content: (i) Incongruence with Cultural Norms of Emotional Expression, (ii) “Maladaptive” or “Adaptive”, But in What Context?, and (iii) Issues Related to Familism when Addressing Parent/Critic Modes. The second theme focused on clinicians’ Cultural Competence: (i) Perceptions of Reduced Confidence and Competence in Providing Culturally Responsive Practice, and (ii) Clinicians’ Cultural Values Impacting ST Delivery. Participants discussed strategies to improve the cultural-responsiveness of ST, suggesting areas for further development. Conclusion: Present findings suggest that ST is not a one-size-fits-all approach, underscoring the need to improve the cultural responsiveness of ST, while better supporting clinicians to develop their cultural competence. Future research is needed to establish evidence-based cultural adaptations for ST.</p
Adapting a Telehealth Physical Activity and Diet Intervention to a Co-Designed Website for Self-Management After Stroke: Tutorial
No full textPeople who experience a stroke are at a higher risk of recurrent stroke when compared with people who have not had a stroke. Addressing modifiable risk factors like physical inactivity and poor diet has been shown to improve blood pressure, a leading contributor to stroke. However, survivors of stroke often experience challenges with accessing risk reduction services including long wait lists, difficulty with transportation, fatigue, impaired function, and diminished exercise capacity. Providing health interventions via a website can extend the reach when compared with programs that are only offered face to face or via real-time telehealth. Given global challenges of accessing secondary prevention programs, it is important to consider alternative ways that this information can be made available to survivors of stroke worldwide. Using the "design thinking" framework and drawing on principles of the integrated knowledge translation approach, we adapted 2 co-designed telehealth programs called i-REBOUND - Let's get moving (physical activity intervention) and i-REBOUND - Eat for health (diet Intervention) to create the i-REBOUND after stroke website. The aim of this paper is to describe the systematic process undertaken to adapt resources from the telehealth delivered i-REBOUND - Let's get moving and i-REBOUND - Eat for health programs to a website prototype with a focus on navigation requirements and accessibility for survivors of stroke. We engaged a variety of key stakeholders with diverse skills and expertise in areas of stroke recovery, research, and digital health. We established a governance structure, formed a consumer advisory group, appointed a diverse project team, and agreed on scope of the project. Our process of adaptation had the following 3 phases: (1) understand, (2) explore, (3) materialize. Our approach considered the survivor of stroke at the center of all decisions, which helped establish guiding principles related to our prototype design. Careful and iterative engagement with survivors of stroke together with the application of design thinking principles allowed us to establish the functional requirements for our website prototype. Through user testing, we were able to confirm the technical requirements needed to build an accessible and easy-to-navigate website catering to the unique needs of survivors of stroke. We describe the process of adapting existing content and co-creating new digital content in partnership with, and featuring, people who have lived experience of stroke. In this paper, we provide a road map for the steps taken to adapt resources from 2 telehealth-delivered programs to a website format that meets specific navigation and accessibility needs of survivors of stroke.</p
Smartphone automated motor and speech analysis for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Validation of TapTalk across 20 different devices
No full textINTRODUCTION: Smartphones are proving useful in assessing movement and speech function in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. Valid outcomes across different smartphones are needed before population-level tests are deployed. This study introduces the TapTalk protocol, a novel app designed to capture hand and speech function and validate it in smartphones against gold-standard measures.METHODS: Twenty different smartphones collected video data from motor tests and audio data from speech tests. Features were extracted using Google Mediapipe (movement) and Python audio analysis packages (speech). Electromagnetic sensors (60 Hz) and a microphone acquired simultaneous movement and voice data, respectively.RESULTS: TapTalk video and audio outcomes were comparable to gold-standard data: 90.3% of video, and 98.3% of audio, data recorded tapping/speech frequencies within ± 1 Hz of the gold-standard measures.DISCUSSION: Validation of TapTalk across a range of devices is an important step in the development of smartphone-based telemedicine and was achieved in this study.</p
Joint Loads, Muscle Strength and Knee and/or Hip Joint Cartilage
No full textThis thesis is submitted in total fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the La Trobe Sports Medicine and Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.</p
Adaptive holistic OER development model
No full textVisual diagram of an adaptive holistic OER development model. It is made possible by open educational practices (OEP) supported by 'Third Space' collaborative projects.This represents the approach used to develop the two OER published by the La Trobe eBureau:Threshold Concepts in Biochemistry Foundations of Biomedical Science: Quantitative Literacy Theory and ProblemsOriginally developed to support the case study chapter 'Embedding educator presence via OER in an age of AI' in the Open Education Down Under edited collection.</p
Archiving & sharing qualitative data: Implications for data management platforms
No full textSharing and reusing research data has long been recognised to have significant potential public benefit, but this is challenged by the difficulty of locating and accessing datasets. The Coordinated Access to Data, Research, and Environments (CADRE) project, led by the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC), aims to address this issue through the creation of a shared access management platform which operationalises the widely used ‘Five Safes’ model (Desai et al. 2016) of sensitive data governance (CADRE n.d.a, n.d.b, n.d.c). </p
Heterogeneous patterns of heterozygosity loss in isolated populations of the threatened eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii)
No full textIdentifying and analysing isolated populations is critical for conservation. Isolation can make populations vulnerable to local extinction due to increased genetic drift and inbreeding, both of which should leave imprints of decreased genome-wide heterozygosity. While decreases in heterozygosity among populations are frequently investigated, fewer studies have analysed how heterozygosity varies among individuals, including whether heterozygosity varies geographically along lines of discrete population structure or with continuous patterns analogous to isolation by distance. Here we explore geographical patterns of differentiation and individual heterozygosity in the threatened eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) in Tasmania, Australia, using genomic data from 85 samples collected between 2008 and 2011. Our analyses identified two isolated demes undergoing significant genetic drift, and several areas of fine-scale differentiation across Tasmania. We observed discrete genetic structures across geographical barriers and continuous patterns of isolation by distance, with little evidence of recent or historical migration. Using a recently developed analytical pipeline for estimating autosomal heterozygosity, we found individual heterozygosities varied within demes by up to a factor of two, and demes with low-heterozygosity individuals also still contained those with high heterozygosity. Spatial interpolation of heterozygosity scores clarified these patterns and identified the isolated Tasman Peninsula as a location where low-heterozygosity individuals were more common than elsewhere. Our results provide novel insights into the relationship between isolation-driven genetic structure and local heterozygosity patterns. These may help improve translocation efforts, by identifying populations in need of assistance, and by providing an individualised metric for identifying source animals for translocation.</p
Ironing out complexities in karst chronology: (U-Th)/He ferricrete ages reveal wet MIS 5c
No full textKarst landforms provide insights into landscape evolution and paleoclimate but are inherently challenging to date. An ancient interval of particularly intense weathering of Western Australian Pleistocene aeolianites is recorded in a spectacular pinnacle karst landscape with associated ferricrete nodules. (U-Th)/He dating of the ferricrete nodules revealed an age of 102.8 + 10.6/-11.4 thousand years, corresponding to marine isotope stage 5c. The (U-Th)/He age thus directly dates the wettest interglacial period in the region over the last 500 thousand years, which was responsible for the dissolution that formed the pinnacles. The reliability of the ferricrete (U-Th)/He age is supported by bounding optically stimulated luminescence and U-Th dates on associated aeolianites and carbonate precipitates, respectively. A (U-Th)/He approach is globally applicable to aeolianites with associated ferricretes, allowing more accurate dating of the environmental changes affecting these lithologies, and temporally constraining rapid Pleistocene climatic oscillations to better contextualize the associated evolution of the biosphere.</p
Root canal widths of mandibular molars in predicting the legal age threshold 18 years in a sample of juveniles and sub-adults of south-indian origin: an orthopantomographic study
No full textPursuing a proficient age estimation methodology introducing novel radiographic methods remains an ongoing and demanding aspect of forensic and medicolegal research. In 2017, Roberts GJ et al. (J Forensic Sci 62(2):351-4, 2017) described a new radiographic method, i.e., root canal width (RCW) patterns to assign a subject to above 18-year-age threshold. Since then, few researchers have investigated the validity of this radiographic method in other populations. The present study aimed to test the usefulness of these RCW patterns in predicting 18 years in a sample of South Indian juveniles and sub-adults aged between 16 and 23. Descriptive analysis revealed that pattern-A was initially observed at a minimum age of 16.08 and 16.22 years in males and females. Pattern-B at 16.31 years in males and 16.22 years in females, while pattern-C was initially recorded at 18.73 years in males and 19.01 years in females, respectively. In summary, if an individual, regardless of sex, exhibits a fully-formed (apex closed) mandibular first, second, and third molars and concurrently displays RCW-C, there is a strong likelihood that the person has exceeded the legally relevant age of 18 years. However, due to higher rate of technically unacceptable errors (adults wrongly identified as individuals below 18 years), reliance on this method alone should be restricted, and it is advisable to combine it with other methods.</p