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Jonas Mekas, Shiver of Memory, by Peter Delpeut. DoppelHouse Press, 2022, 229 pp.:book review
No full textConditional quashing orders: A missed opportunity for introducing a new relief in judicial review proceedings?
No full textThis article discusses the opportunity for the introduction of a new type of relief in judicial review proceedings called conditional quashing orders (CQOs) to mitigate the effect of quashing orders on the timeline and costs of nationally significant infrastructure projects (NSIPs). The article explores the benefits and disbenefits of their introduction as a new standard relief and as a court case management power as two possible alternatives. In so doing, the article examines how CQOs could operate and attempts to draw clear parameters for them to achieve their aim of introducing more judicial flexibility in judicial review proceedings. In framing the debate and attempting to build a theoretical framework for CQOs to function, this article considers developments in other jurisdictions, notably Kenya, to inform the discussion while engaging critically with the interaction of CQOs in both alternatives with the current legislative framework. Altogether, the article defends a thesis whereby while CQOs have obvious advantages offering more possibilities for judicial flexibility and mitigation of the effect of quashing orders (which are disruptive to the timeline and cost of NSIPs), they carry overwhelming inconveniences. These, in turn, do not warrant their introduction into legislation. However, the article demonstrates that the aims underpinning CQOs remain useful as they call for a complete rethink of judicial review proceedings in England and Wales to ensure a better balance of justice or convenience by reinforcing fairness, flexibility, and judicial restraint and cooperation in the determination of cases. In fine, the article makes several proposals to achieve this and transform the current judicial review blueprint, thus providing food for thought for reforming the system and emphasising proportionality
The repeatability of a cycling exercise-heat stress test in a male population
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: There is considerable inter-individual variability in the physiological responses to environmental stressors and so to accurately assess and monitor changes in an individual's ability to cope with exercise-heat stress, a reliable protocol is required. The aim of this study was to examine the repeatability of a 90-min steady-state heat exercise bout with physiological and subjective variables, and performance during an incremental test to exhaustion post 90-min steady-state exercise.METHOD: Sixteen mixed ability males (Age: 39 ± 15yrs; Height: 176.5 ± 4.8 cm; BM: 79.7 ± 10.3 kg; V˙O 2peak: 46.2 ± 8.6 ml/kg/min; PPO: 309 ± 39W) who trained at least three times a week undertook two 90-min steady-state - followed by an incremental protocol to exhaustion - cycling heat stress tests (HSTs) in a hot-humid environment (35 °C, 60%RH). Heart rate (HR), rectal (T‾r e) and skin temperature (T‾ sk), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TS), and thermal comfort (TC) were measured throughout. Data was analysed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), technical error of measurement (TEM), Bland-Altman plots, t-tests, and Cohen's d to indicate magnitude of change. RESULTS: Physiological variables indicated good repeatability evident through moderate to strong ICC ratings, low magnitudes of change (d), lower mean biases compared to their respective calculated TEMs, and statistical non-significance, except HR90, ₸ sk90, and ₸ sk. Hydration status showed good repeatability except for urine osmolality (osm u90) and resting urine colour (col u). Perceptual variables showed encouraging repeatability apart from resting TS and mean TS. Performance data showed good repeatability overall, however 11 participants progressed to the incremental test to exhaustion in the second visit compared to 7 in the first. CONCLUSION: Current data demonstrated favourable physiological, perceptual, and performance repeatability during repeated cycling HSTs in hot-humid conditions. However, given more participants progressed to the incremental trial to exhaustion protocol in the second visit, at least one familiarisation trial may improve the reliability of exercise capacity assessment.</p
Effect of high-fat diet on isometric, concentric and eccentric contractile performance of skeletal muscle isolated from female CD-1 mice
No full textDespite evidence inferring muscle and contractile mode-specific effects of high-fat diet (HFD), no study has yet considered the impact of HFD directly on eccentric muscle function. The present work uniquely examined the effect of 20-week HFD on the isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle function of isolated mouse soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. CD-1 female mice were randomly split into a control (n = 16) or HFD (n = 17) group and for 20 weeks consumed standard lab chow or HFD. Following this period, SOL and EDL muscles were isolated and assessments of maximal isometric force and concentric work loop (WL) power were performed. Each muscle was then subjected to either multiple concentric or eccentric WL activations. Post-fatigue recovery, as an indicator of incurred damage, was measured via assessment of concentric WL power. In the EDL, absolute concentric power and concentric power normalised to muscle mass were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.038). HFD resulted in faster concentric fatigue and reduced eccentric activity-induced muscle damage (P < 0.05). For the SOL, maximal isometric force was increased, and maximal eccentric power normalised to muscle mass and concentric fatigue were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.05). HFD effects on eccentric muscle function are muscle-specific and have little relationship with changes in isometric or concentric function. HFD has the potential to negatively affect the intrinsic concentric and eccentric power-producing capacity of skeletal muscle, but a lack of a within-muscle uniform response indicates disparate mechanisms of action which require further investigation.</p
Death is the price: racial segregation, urban gentrification and the horrors of Candyman
No full textFear has been a tool to manipulate the public or the audience. Bernard Rose’s Candyman (1992) is among the horror films that use the concept of the scary city as their terrain instead of confining the action to a flat or a similar specific space in order to create a feeling of isolation. The film has been intrinsically linked to its filmic location, Chicago’s Cabrini Green projects. Today the area has been fully gentrified with the media celebrating ‘the end of an ugly era’ trying to erase the negative connotations of this place of ‘palatable fear’. However,Candyman’s Cabrini Green remains a diachronic representation of the fundamental emotions linked to the actual Cabrini Green and expresses universal fears and anxieties linked to urban space. Rose’s film is entwined with the cityscape, the social, gendered and racial contexts and the gentrification processes that were and still are imposed, more than a figure of a slasher flick killer. Candyman displays the fluidity of the horror narration, both on celluloid and in reality. The film is examined through the way it builds tension and causes scares by utilisingthe social disruptions and fears of its time, overlaying questions concerning gender, race and class on the cityscape, and showing how one’s place – both literally and figuratively – may change constantly under normativity and order. This chapter traces the bleak narratives about the city and the way they are introduced in the structure and the narration of the film, laying out a mental map of urban safety/insecurity, through the way the main characters have to suffer whenever they disrupt the spatial limits set by the dominant ideology and social hierarchies