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Neuropsychiatric drug development:Perspectives on the current landscape, opportunities and potential future directions
No full textMental health represents a major challenge to our societies. One key difficulty associated with neuropsychiatric drug development is the lack of connection between the underlying biology and the disease. Nevertheless, there is growing optimism in this field with recent drug approvals (the first in decades) and renewed interest from pharmaceutical companies and investors. Here we review some of the most promising drug discovery and development endeavors currently deployed by industry. We also present elements illustrating the renewed interest from key stakeholders in neuropsychiatric drug development and provide potential future directions in this field.</p
BertSent: Transformer-based model for Sentiment Analysis of Penta-class Tweet Classification
No full textMachine learning-based power outage and restoration forecasting for self-sufficient sustainable energy systems to enhance electricity supply and resilience in developing countries
No full textAn Exploration of Early Maladaptive Schemas, Schema Modes and Attentional Control in Psychosis Spectrum
Get PDF"“Every day we’d have an arranged activity, so she’d have football, swimming, dance, gymnastics”: A Sociological Analysis of Parenting and Sports-Based Enrichment Activities for the Under-Fives."
No full textAbstract: In this article, we provide a sociological analysis of parental choice in pre-school sports and physical activity as a form of concerted cultivation, as a way of understanding the uptake of sports-based physical activity (PA) enrichment activities in the UK since 2000. Despite a growth in the under-five preschool enrichment market, little is known about why parents pay for their under-fives children to participate in sport or PA enrichment or how this relates to wider patterns in contemporary parenting. 24 semi-structured interviews with parents of early years children from across England were conducted. Findings suggest the reasons why parents enrol their child(ren) in sports-based enrichment activities, can be considered a form of concerted cultivation, in particular, parents value routine and socialisation for themselves and their children. Parents look for paid-for activities that enhance their child’s social and academic skills, but do not emphasise physical activity as particularly important in their decision making. Instead they prioritise opportunities to enhance their child’s social and cultural skills in ways that enable the children to be accepted and interact positively with other adults and children in key institutional settings. Parents also valued spaces where their young children could expend energy, although the importance of this was distinctly gendered. We conclude by outlining that paying for under-fives sport-based enrichment is linked to wider social and cultural expectations on parenting, and highlighting that more needs to be understood about the gendered, racialised and ableist spaces of commercial preschool sport and PA
Hyperacetylated histone H4 is a source of carbon contributing to lipid synthesis
No full textHistone modifications commonly integrate environmental cues with cellular metabolic outputs by affecting gene expression. However, chromatin modifications such as acetylation do not always correlate with transcription, pointing towards an alternative role of histone modifications in cellular metabolism. Using an approach that integrates mass spectrometry-based histone modification mapping and metabolomics with stable isotope tracers, we demonstrate that elevated lipids in acetyltransferase-depleted hepatocytes result from carbon atoms derived from deacetylation of hyperacetylated histone H4 flowing towards fatty acids. Consistently, enhanced lipid synthesis in acetyltransferase-depleted hepatocytes is dependent on histone deacetylases and acetyl-CoA synthetase ACSS2, but not on the substrate specificity of the acetyltransferases. Furthermore, we show that during diet-induced lipid synthesis the levels of hyperacetylated histone H4 decrease in hepatocytes and in mouse liver. In addition, overexpression of acetyltransferases can reverse diet-induced lipogenesis by blocking lipid droplet accumulation and maintaining the levels of hyperacetylated histone H4. Overall, these findings highlight hyperacetylated histones as a metabolite reservoir that can directly contribute carbon to lipid synthesis, constituting a novel function of chromatin in cellular metabolism. [Abstract copyright: © 2024. The Author(s).
Neither saintly nor psychotic:a narrative systematic review of the evolving Western perception of voice hearing
No full textWe present a social-historical perspective on the evolution of the voice-hearing phenomenon in Western society. Based upon a systematic search from a selection of nine databases, we trace the way hearing voices has been understood throughout the ages. Originally, hearing voices was considered a gifted talent for accessing the divine, but the progressive influence of monotheistic religion gradually condemned the practice to social marginalization. Later, the medical and psychiatric professions of secular society were instrumental in attaching stigma to both voice hearers and the phenomenon itself, thereby reinforcing social exclusion. More recently, the re-integration of voice hearers into the community by health authorities in various countries appears to have provided a new, socially acceptable setting for the phenomenon.</p
Public perspectives on COVID-19 public health and social measures in Japan and the United Kingdom: a qualitative study
Get PDFCreating Mentally Healthy Universities: Lessons from Staff Experiences of Transition through the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic generated unprecedented challenges for educators world-wide. University teaching staff were forced to rapidly adapt to virtual classrooms during lockdown and the return to campus has seen continuing flux. Poor student mental wellbeing is a major concern and although nascent digital mental health interventions can increase reach and augment in-person services, research on the effectiveness of digital interventions is still in its infancy. The implementation of hybrid solutions is challenging due to the complexity and diversity of institutions; however, important lessons can be learned from the switch to online teaching and the integration of digital technologies during the transition process. This paper explores staff experiences of transition through the pandemic using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three teaching academics from English universities. Analysis yielded four group experiential themes: Transition was a traumatic process; Relationships as a source of support and strain; Opportunities for learning and growth; and Surviving and inspiring the mental wellbeing environment. Key findings revealed the switch to online working presented unique stressors, while relationships were pivotal for navigating transition and healthy personal development. Findings can inform transition guidance including the integration of hybrid pathways to support mental wellbeing for the whole learning community