Euskal Memoria Digitala

Forma colección facticia con otros manuscritos e impresos sobre Bilbao, con el título de Noticias históricas de Bilbao, recopilada por Antonio de TruebaHojas impresas por ambas carasDigitalización Vitoria-Gasteiz Archivos y Bibliotecas Febrero 1996 18-202Holandes

Bilbao. Ayuntamiento.

Trueba, Antonio de, rec.

Noticias históricas de Bilbao.

Forma colección facticia con otros manuscritos e impresos sobre Bilbao, con título de Noticias históricas de Bilbao, recopilada por Antonio de TruebaDigitalización Vitoria-Gasteiz Archivos y Bibliotecas Febrero 1996 18-202Holandes

Cofradía de San Gregorio Nacianceno (Bilbao)

Sign.: A-I2Forma col. fac. con otros documentosTít. del lomo: Allegatio selecte Regni NavarPergamin

Guerra, Juan.

Allegatio selecte Regni Navar.

Manuscrito sin fechar. Copia realizada en 1866?Forma colección facticia con manuscritos e impresos sobre Bilbao, con el título de Noticias históricas de Bilbao, recopilada por Antonio de TruebaDigitalización Vitoria-Gasteiz Archivos y Bibliotecas Febrero 1996 18-202Holandes

Arana, Pedro Juan de.

Portilla Vitoria, Micaela Josefa.

Por las calles de Salvatierra.

La Fortaleza de Portilla.

La Voz de España.

Ballesteros Caballero, Floriano.

Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología.

Documento electrónico extraido de Interne

Swardson, Anne.

^pain's Basques Attack Separatist Violence Wi... 
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Spain's Basques Attack Separatist 
Violence With Arts, Investment 
By Anne Swardson 
Washington Post Foreign Service 
Monday, August 25, 1997; Page AOl 
The Washington Post 
BILBAO, Spain—This city in the heart of Basque country, 
known around the world mostly for separatist terrorism, 
will take its place on the world stage in October for a 
nonviolent reason. 
It is then that an American-designed art museum of the 
highest architectural order will open its doors here. Paid 
for entirely with local funds, the $100 million structure is a 
symbol of Basque regional power and independence that 
its sponsors hope will attract visitors from all over Europe. 
But it turns out that the museum and the terrorism are not 
unrelated. In a city that is home to half of Spain's Basques, 
the museum also is the cornerstone of a broad-based 
campaign against the violence that has cost nearly 800 
lives in 30 years. It is a campaign focused not on police 
and guns, but on culture and investment. 
Bilbao and all of the Basque country are undergoing a 
massive, $1-billion-plus redevelopment designed to 
undercut the separatists by allowing mainstream Basque 
nationalist pride to flourish in the sunlight. Independence 
from Spain will hold less allure, the theory goes, i f Basques 
govern their own fate ~ and hold their own purse strings. 
I f the effort succeeds, it may offer lessons to other 
developed nations with angry ethnic minorities. I f it fails, 
more people will die. 
"We think culture will help combat the violence," said 
Bilbao Deputy Mayor Ibon Areso. "It's not the only goal 
of the museum, but it's important. More and more, the 
cultural and economic aspects are related. I f we can raise 
Spain's Basques Attack Separatist Violence Wi. Pagina 2 de 6 
the economic level, young people will be less attracted to 
violence." 
Last week was fiesta week in Bilbao, and signs of the 
redevelopment were everywhere. Revelers could take the 
new subway ~ modeled on Washington's Metro ~ to the 
bullfights, walk across gleaming new pedestrian bridges to 
the outdoor concerts, look down the Bilbao River fi-om the 
fireworks display and see the gleaming facades of the 
museum. 
A new airport is under construction, and a neighboring 
high-tech business corridor is attracting foreign and 
Spanish companies. A convention center that will also 
house the local orchestra is rising fi'om the shells of 
broken-down factories on the riverbanks and, farther along 
the river, a library and cultural center is being built. The 
entire port of Bilbao, on which the local economy once 
was based, is being moved downriver and offshore, at a 
cost of $258 million. 
The regional parliament just approved a sweeping plan for 
urban renewal designed to revitalize the decayed riverfront 
along its entire 10-mile length fi'om Bilbao to the Atlantic, 
placing office, commercial and institutional space beside, 
and even in, the river. High-speed rail connections to 
Madrid and Paris are planned, as is a thorough cleaning of 
the foul-smelling river. 
Such grand projects often founder on financing, and some 
of these may not come to pass. But the Basque country 
has both the political clout to extract money from Madrid 
and the European Union in Brussels and the autonomy to 
raise its own revenue. The intent of both Basque 
politicians and the government of Spain is clear — to use 
development and prosperity to nourish nationalism in its 
most peaceful form and, in the process, to marginalize and 
weaken the violent separatist movement known by its 
Basque initials, ETA. 
"There is a collective desire to transform the city of 
Bilbao," said Alfonso Vegara, director of the Madrid 
architectural and planning firm that created the regional 
plan. "The project has a high political and social meaning. 
I f the Basque country can succeed with the project, they 
can find themselves again." 
The jewel of the project is the museum. Designed by 
California architect Frank Gehry, its vaguely maritime. 
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Spain's Basques Attack Separatist Violence Wi. Pagina 3 de 6 
vaguely petaled shapes dominate the riverbank. Its gray 
titanium panels reflect the industrial history of the city: Its 
towering glass panels are open to the river view, and its 
limestone towers are made of local materials. More than 
90 percent of the work was done by Basque companies. 
Local and regional officials hope the museum will alter the 
image of this run-down industrial city and become a 
symbol of rebirth that will attract tourists and businesses 
and spur growth. It was built in collaboration with the 
New York-based Guggenheim Foundation, which will 
manage the museum and display some of its vast collection 
of 20th-century art there. It will also have a sizable 
component of Basque art. With much fiscal sacrifice, 
Basque governments are paying the entire price; the 
Spanish national government is not involved. 
"They're reaching out with this building to the global 
society," Gehry said. "That's what this is all about. They 
could subsume themselves with the rest of Spain, but they 
choose not to." 
The Basques, nestled in the rocky hills below the Pyrenees 
for 4,000 years, represent one of the oldest surviving 
cultures in Europe. Their homeland was divided between 
southwestern France and northern Spain in 1512, but the 
people preserved their language ~ which has no known 
connections to any other ~ against both French and 
Spanish. 
Even as steel, shipbuilding and shipping blossomed here 
during the Industrial Revolution and after, kings and other 
rulers in Madrid revoked rights and powers the Basques 
felt should remain with them. During the reign of dictator 
Francisco Franco from 1938 to 1975, speaking Basque in 
public or stud)ang it in school was forbidden. 
In 1958, ETA was formed to fight such oppression; its first 
killing was carried out in 1968. Since then, it is estimated, 
about 800 people have died at the hands of ETA. 
One of its most vicious assassinations came on July 10. On 
that day, ETA gunmen kidnapped Miguel Angel Blanco 
Garrido, 29, a tovra council member fi'om the Basque 
village of Ermua. Blanco was a member of Spanish Prime 
Minister Jose Maria Aznar's center-right Popular Party. 
ETA said it would kill Blanco unless some 500 Basque 
prisoners in jails around Spain were transferred to prisons 
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Spain's Basques Attack Separatist Violence Wi. Pagina 4 de 6 
in Basque country. They were not, and 48 hours later 
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vww.|et.es/bestpress twice in the head. He died shortly afterward. 
E-mail:bestpress@jet.es 
Rorida, 28-Tel. 13 2614 
01005 VITORIA Spain went into mourning. A half-million people 
demonstrated in the streets of Madrid. The same number ~ 
one quarter of the entire Basque-country population ~ 
marched in Bilbao, calling for an end to the violence. 
Since then, Madrid has intensified police efforts against 
ETA, but the more important developments may be 
occurring in this region. The town council of the village of 
Mondragon threw out its mayor, a member of ETA's 
political wing, and replaced him with a moderate from the 
mainstream Basque National Party. And some residents of 
Bilbao are boycotting restaurants and stores owned by 
people with ETA connections. The feeling is that ETA has 
gone too far. 
Fewer Basques are aligning themselves with ETA's 
political arm, called Herri Batasuna (Popular Unity). Herri 
Batasuna has refiased to condemn the ETA killings on 
grounds that they will stop when all the Basque provinces, 
including those in France and in the neighboring Spanish 
region of Navarre, are politically united and can exercise 
their right to self-determination. 
"We say i f ETA continues the armed struggle, it is because 
there is no Basque democracy," said Karmelo Landa 
Mendibe, the party spokesman and one of 11 Herri 
Batasuna members of the Basque regional parliament. "In 
situafions of violence, there are always victims." 
To Herri Batasuna, the museum, the subway, the airport 
and the other projects are part of a Spanish plot to buy off 
Basque nationalism. "The museum is fantastic; the building 
is magnificent, but it should not be used as a mirror to hide 
the truth," Landa said. "The investment for the museum 
has drained fiands for Basque cultural activities. We have 
other cultural and social needs." Among them is an 
unemployment rate of 23 percent, one of the highest in 
Spain. 
The museum has cost a great deal of money indeed ~ 
about $100 million to design and build, plus overhead and 
art acquisition that bring the total cost to roughly $130 
million. And it will lose money each year even if a forecast 
of 500,000 visitors annually proves accurate. Moreover, 
Inaki Esteban, coauthor of a book on the museum, has 
Spain'sBasques Attack Separatist Violence Wi... Pagina 5 de 6 
pointed out that museums do not have a great track record 
as anchors for economic development. 
But even the most ardent supporters of the development of 
Bilbao fear that new transport systems and fine office 
buildings will not stop the killing no matter how slim 
support becomes for ETA and Herri Batasuna, which 
received 15 percent of the vote in the last regional election. 
The problem, they say, is that ETA is not really a political 
organization at all, but a kind of economic way of life. 
By demanding the regular payment of so-called "revolution 
taxes" ~ protection money - fi-om companies and rich 
individuals, ETA has created a self-perpetuating 
organization that will fight to preserve itself no matter how 
much autonomy and political pride come to the Basque 
country. Landa confirmed that ETA survives on these 
payments. 
BASQUE COUNTRY 
AREA STILL SEEKING SELF-DETERMINATION 
The Basque country covers an area of 8,000 square miles, 
mostly in Spain, but a small northeastern portion lies in 
France. Basque nationalists divide the area into six 
"historical territories," but these do not coincide with 
official Spanish and French political subdivisions. 
Population: 3 million 
Unemployment: 21 percent 
Language: Basque is one of Europe's oldest languages, 
spoken by 25 percent of the people of the region. 
NationaHst struggle: Nearly 800 people have been killed in 
30 years of violence. 
©CAPTION: The $100 million Guggenheim Museum in 
Bilbao, which opens in October, was financed by local 
Basque funds. It is part of a $1 billion development project 
intended to build nationalist pride and undercut the ETA, a 
terrorist separatist group. 
@CAPTION: Young people sit by a wall with Basque 
separatist graffiti near an entrance to Bilbao's new subway 
system, which is modeled after Washington's Metro. 
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© Copyright 1997 The Washington Post Company 


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Noticias históricas de Bilbao.

Noticias históricas de Bilbao.

Allegatio selecte Regni Navar.

Noticias históricas de Bilbao.

Por las calles de Salvatierra.

La Fortaleza de Portilla.

La Voz de España.

Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología.

Washington Post.

Cuenta y razón del pensamiento actual.

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