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Mining EU LIFE projects management and restoration costs to prioritise actions on invasive species
Full text linkInvasive alien species (IAS) pose a significant threat to European ecosystems, biodiversity, and economies, with estimated management costs amounting to €37,882,321 derived from 18 LIFE-funded projects (from 2010 to 2022). Most of these projects targeted IAS management in aquatic environments, with 82% of the total budget allocated to IAS management. Despite the efforts, challenges such as limited quantitative cost data and language barriers constrain quantification of IAS management efforts. The European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) is working to assess IAS economic impacts, to complement scientific information and spatial data in support of policy decision-making. This study highlights the need for improving data accessibility of IAS costs by standardising data formats, to help other projects prioritize and enhance IAS management initiatives. In conclusion, by enhancing our understanding of the economic impacts of IAS, this work will inform evidence-based policy decisions, drive innovation in IAS management biosecurity, and ultimately contribute to a more competitive and sustainable Europe, where biodiversity and ecosystems are protected, and economies can thrive.JRC.D.6 - Nature Conservation and Observation
JRC Galileo HAS Products
No full textThis collection of HAS products comprises
• orbit (SP3),
• clock (CKJ) and
• bias (BIA)
files for Galileo and GPS satellites obtained combining SSR corrections provided by Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) and the broadcast ephemeris of each system. A set of collection of HAS products is created for both the
• SIS and
• IDD
data distribution channels.
The collection also features
• RTCM corrections from Galileo HAS SiS/IDD,
• Septentrio binary (SBF) files containing the Galileo CNAV messages,
• text SSR corrections for both SIS and IDD and
• a report containing the details about the source data for creating the products and an analysis of the performance of the Galileo HAS products.
All elements within this collection are updated daily.JRC.E.2 - Space, Connectivity and Economic Securit
Exploring the determinants of domestic air travel across Africa
No full textThis study examines the determinants of domestic air travel demand within African countries, a region underrepresented in existing literature, which has predominantly focused on international routes or domestic travel in other continents. Using a gravity model, the study provides a comprehensive analysis that incorporates socio-economic variables and service-related factors. The findings indicate that domestic air travel demand is significantly influenced by socio-economic factors; specifically, larger educated populations and higher GDP per capita are positively associated with travel demand. The effect of government ownership of airlines on passenger demand is inconclusive: state ownership positively influences demand in Algeria, Ethiopia, and Morocco, but has a negative impact in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. Service-related aspects also play a crucial role: higher flight frequencies, lower airfares, the presence of low-cost carriers (LCCs), and better connectivity positively influence domestic travel demand. These findings vary across countries, reflecting the diverse economic and infrastructural landscapes of Africa. The study highlights the importance of economic and infrastructural development in boosting domestic air travel across the continent. It suggests that policies aimed at supporting LCCs, enhancing airport connectivity, and promoting economic growth could effectively stimulate domestic air travel.JRC.C.6 - Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor
Towards Privacy-Preserving Connected Vehicles: A Blockchain Approach for Vehicle Identity Management and Data Sharing
No full textAs vehicular connectivity and digitisation surge, escalating data transmission to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and public authorities is vital for the digital transition, for applications from legal compliance to traffic management. Amidst burgeoning data-sharing ecosystems, ensuring secure, private data transmission and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant user control over vehicle identity and data-sharing permissions becomes pivotal, barring legal and enforcement exceptions. This research explores employing blockchain technology to safeguard privacy and security within a Vehicle Identity Management system, using CO2 emissions monitoring as an exemplar. Utilising an emulation-based environment, replicating vehicle interactions with European authorities and the European Commission (EC), the study demonstrates that blockchain systems, specifically for CO2 emissions monitoring, can meet transaction rate and latency demands of large-scale transport applications, accommodating 280 million vehicles reporting annually. This inquiry not only amplifies understanding of blockchain’s applicability in connected transportation systems and secure data exchange among vehicles, authorities, and stakeholders but also lays groundwork for future advancements in trustful, efficient, and secure data interchange, potentially benefiting authorities, industry, and end-users alike.JRC.C.4 - Sustainable, Smart and Safe Mobilit
Parametric and distribution-based definition of climatic zones for photovoltaics
No full textThe definition of climatic zones for photovoltaics (PV) is critical for improving resource simulation, energy forecasting, and performance evaluation. Existing classifications provide valuable frameworks, but suffer from limitations in integrating relevant PV parameters into the classification pipeline and remaining technology-agnostic. This paper addresses these shortcomings by introducing a classification tailored to key PV performance metrics: annual energy yield (Eyear) and performance ratio (η), using the annual irradiance (Gyear) and a novel irradiance-weighted module temperature (Tw) as core climatic parameters. These parameters ensure a technology-independent yet performance-relevant classification for the two most widely used parameters in the PV community. The classification is backed by high-resolution climatic data (0.1º × 0.1º) and recent advancements in PV simulations and data science. Additionally, we explore a distribution-based approach to account for the increasing importance of variability in PV generation. Applying the theory of optimal transport to daily irradiance and self-sufficiency distributions, we devise a novel classification concept that groups locations with similar daily generation characteristics. This method is better suited for applications where the variability of the generation, rather than annual averages, are the main features of interest, such as firm power generation. We apply our framework to a global and pan-European classification to illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology.JRC.C.2 - Energy Efficiency and Renewable
The Competence Centre on Microeconomic Evaluation – 2025 Yearbook
No full textThis brochure reports highlights of activities in 2025 of the European Commission's Competence Centre on Microeconomic Evaluation (CC-ME). CC-ME was founded on May 19, 2016 to support the evaluation function in the European Commission. CC-ME is part of Unit JRC.S.3 'Science for Modelling, Monitoring and Evaluation'. CC-ME builds on the experience of the Centre for Research on Impact Evaluation (CRIE), which started as a joint project of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the European Commission Directorate-General Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion (DG EMPL) in 2013; CRIE is now an integral part of CC-ME.JRC.S.3 - Science for Modelling, Monitoring and Evaluatio
Does Africa need Entrepreneurial Ecosystems thinking?
No full textDoes Africa need Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) thinking? This paper argues that EE thinking is not a priority for Africa. The data is clear that Africa already has too many entrepreneurs. Further boosting the number of entrepreneurs in Africa seems like a step in the wrong direction. Instead, Africa should support the “right” kind of entrepreneurs, while reducing the total number of entrepreneurs. Two theories suggest that EE theory is the opposite of what African development needs: first, lessons from the technological catch-up that worked well for the development of South East Asia; and second, Schumpeterian growth theory which makes policy recommendations conditional on a country’s distance-to-frontier.JRC.B.6 - Industrial strategy, skills and technology transfe
JRC MARS Bulletin - Crop monitoring in Europe - February 2026 - Vol. 34 No 1
No full textWinter crop conditions across Europe remain broadly satisfactory, although severe and persistent frost in parts of northern and eastern Europe has heightened concerns about local frost damage, particularly where snow cover was insufficient at the onset of cold spells. Winter wheat is generally well hardened, but barley and rapeseed may have been adversely affected. In contrast, abundant rainfall in parts of western France, southern Europe and the western Mediterranean region has replenished soil moisture and local reservoirs, but caused localised flooding.
This edition includes an extended crop monitoring analysis of the Maghreb, along with an initial yield outlook for winter cereals in the region. Markedly above-average rainfall since late
December has significantly improved cereal prospects, particularly in Morocco and northern Algeria, easing prolonged drought conditions and restoring reservoir levels.JRC.D.5 - Food Securit
Real-Time Forecasting and Mapping Flood Extent from Integrated Hydrologic Models and Satellite Remote Sensing: Case of a Flood Event in Medium Size Basin
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive real-time forecasting and mapping cycle of a regional
flood event, encompassing quantitative precipitation forecasting, runoff production and routing,
and inundation mapping. The objective of this study is to highlight the significant uncertainties
inherent in each step of the fully automated cycle, despite the utilization of state-of-the art
models and remote sensing technologies. The case study focuses on a flood event that occurred
in an average-sized watershed and river system in rural Iowa, United States, resulting in
localized damage and disruption to several small communities. The study demonstrates the
limited utility of satellite-based remote sensing in the absence of other forecasting and mapping
system elements, emphasizing the need for timely integration of information from diverse
sources to accurately forecast and map floods. To achieve this, we assembled and analyzed data
from various sources, including precipitation data from weather radars, streamflow estimates
derived from river stages and rating curves, and cross-sectional data of river channels to
characterize the movement of the flood wave. These data were integrated into hydrologic and
hydraulic models to generate flood inundation estimates for the more severely affected areas.
Remote sensing imagery was obtained and used as reference to assess the accuracy of modeled
inundated areas. Our findings illustrate that, despite the increasing availability of satellite data
sources, there are still significant limitations to tracking inundation remotely, particularly for
medium-sized basins. Flood modeling processes are not complementary to remote estimation,
but necessary for adequate assessment of flood risk.JRC.E.1 - Disaster Risk Managemen
Mapping Europe’s rooftop photovoltaic potential with a building-level database
No full textIndividual building-level approaches are needed to understand the full potential of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) at national and regional scale. Here we use the European Digital Building Stock Model R2025, an open-access building-level database, to assess rooftop solar potential for each of the 271 million buildings in the European Union. The results show that potential capacity could reach 2.3 TWp (1,822 GWp residential, 519 GWp non-residential), with an annual output of 2,750 TWh based on current PV technology. This corresponds to approximately 40% of electricity demand in a 100% renewable scenario for 2050. Already by 2030, over a half of buildings with floor area larger than 2,000 m2 could generate most of remaining capacity for the 2030 target with 355 GWp. Across member states, non-residential rooftops could cover 50% or more of their PV targets, with several exceeding 95%. The open-access building-level database offers practical tools to support better decisions, accelerate renewable energy adoption and promote a more decentralized energy system. It is also an enabler for planners and researchers to further explore energy scenarios with high renewable shares.JRC.C.2 - Energy Efficiency and Renewable