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Discipline-based social identity and organizational identity as predictors of approaches to learning and evaluation of teaching
Get PDFThe present research aimed to tease apart the meaning of the “student” identity in higher education by distinguishing the concepts and affordances of discipline-based social identity and organizational identity. Across three studies we examine discipline-based and organizational social identities’ relations to educational outcomes and evaluations of the student experience. Our first study (n = 203) examines the relationships between identity, engagement, and satisfaction with the course and university. The results suggest that discipline identity predicts students’ commitment to their study and their degree satisfaction. Students’ organizational identity predicted their university and degree satisfaction. In Study 2A (n = 240), we examined organizational and discipline identity in relation to deep and surface learning, as well as performance undermining behaviours (procrastination and self-handicapping). We found that organizational identity failed to explain variance in deep learning beyond the variance explained by discipline identity. Moreover, discipline, but not organizational identity, indirectly reduced performance undermining behaviour. In Study 2B (n = 109), not only we replicated Study 2A, but also used a cross-lagged longitudinal design to see which identity was causally more potent. Discipline identity in one semester predicts both changes in discipline and organizational identity in the following semester. In contrast, organizational identity predicts organizational identity in the following semester but fails to predict change in discipline identity. Taken together, our studies suggest that there is benefit in understanding both discipline-based and organizational social identities in terms of understanding students’ educational outcomes and experience.Peer reviewe
Isothiourea-catalysed acylative kinetic and dynamic kinetic resolution of planar chiral paracyclophanols
Get PDFFunding: A.D.S. and K.K. thank the EPSRC Programme Grant “Boron: Beyond the Reagent” (EP/W007517) for support.The development of synthetic methods for the catalytic enantioselective preparation of planar chiral paracyclophane derivatives is of considerable interest to the synthetic community. To date, relatively few successful and effective organocatalytic approaches to this molecular class have been reported. This manuscript describes effective isothiourea catalysed acylative kinetic (KR) and dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) approaches to the generation of a range of planar chiral paracyclophane macrocycles with excellent levels of enantioselectivity. Effective KR of configurationally stable planar chiral paracyclophanols with 12- and 13-membered ansa-chains is demonstrated (6 examples, s = up to 50) using 5 mol% of the isothiourea (R)-BTM and isobutyric anhydride. Application to configurationally labile macrocyclic phenols with 14 to 18-membered ansa-chains allows their effective acylative DKR, generating the desired products with excellent enantioselectivity (25 examples, up to 95% yield and 98:2 er).Peer reviewe
Addressing contextual pressures and challenges in social care : the prospects of multi-actor engagement with strategic HRM
Get PDFFunding: The research was jointly funded by the trade union UNISON and NP-Care. The latter wishes to remain anonymous.Drawing on an exemplary case of strategic HRM in a nonprofit social care provider responding to a recruitment and retention crisis, this article offers evidence for a multi-actor, recursive model of HRM implementation. We examine how multi-actor engagement with strategic HRM reinforces or modifies intended HRM, and how this engagement is shaped by external and internal contextual pressures in nonprofit social care organizations. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we shed light on the internal process dynamics that not only engender a shared understanding of intended HRM strategy and practice among key organizational actors (convergence) but also allow for local deviation (divergence) that forges a more adequate response to workforce challenges. Our study contributes to theory on the social dynamics of HRM implementation within wider institutional contexts while highlighting the limits of a business-oriented HRM system for delivering a sustainable workforce within social care.Peer reviewe
Opportunistic dynamic architecture for class-incremental learning
Get PDFFunding: This work is funded by Leverhulme Research Project Grant RPG-2021-355.Continual learning has attracted increasing attention over the last few years, as it enables to continually learn new tasks over time, which has significant implication to many real-world applications. A large number of continual learning techniques are proposed and achieve promising performance; however, many of them commit to a fixed, large architecture at the beginning, which can waste the memory space and incur high training cost. To directly tackle this challenge, we propose an Opportunistic Dynamic Architecture,ODA, based on mixture of experts. ODA can automatically grow with more experts for new incoming tasks and opportunistically shrink by merging experts with similar weights. We evaluated ODA on three commonly used datasets: CIFAR-100, CUB, and iNaturalist, and compared against eight existing continual learning techniques. ODA not only outperforms these techniques but does so with a parameter size that is slightly smaller on average, maintaining memory efficiency without compromising accuracy. Furthermore, ODA achieves this with only around 16% of the training time across all datasets when updating for each new task,making it a highly resource-efficient solution for continual learning applications.Peer reviewe
Stabilizing open photon condensates by ghost-attractor dynamics
Get PDFFunding: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-Cluster of Excellence Matter and Light for Quantum Computing, ML4Q (No. 390534769) and through the DFG Collaborative Research Center CRC 185 OSCAR (No. 277625399). S. R. acknowledges a scholarship from the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation, Germany.We study the temporal, driven-dissipative dynamics of open photon Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in a dye-filled microcavity, taking the condensate amplitude and the noncondensed fluctuations into account on the same footing by means of a cumulant expansion within the Lindblad formalism. The fluctuations fundamentally alter the dynamics in that the BEC always dephases to zero for a sufficiently long time. However, a ghost attractor, although outside of the physically accessible configuration space, attracts the dynamics and leads to a plateaulike stabilization of the BEC for an exponentially long time, consistent with experiments. We also show that the photon BEC and the lasing state are separated by a true phase transition, since they are characterized by different fixed points. The ghost-attractor nonequilibrium stabilization mechanism is an alternative to prethermalization and may possibly be realized on other dynamical platforms as well.Peer reviewe
Distance matters to sperm whales : behavioural disturbance in response to both sonar received level and source distance
Get PDFFunding: This work was supported by US Naval Facility Engineering Command / Living Marine Resources (LMR) research program (grant no. N39430–17-C-1935); The Netherlands Ministry of Defense; Defense Science and Technology Lab (UK Ministry of Defense; grant no. DSTLX-1000137649); and DGA (French Ministry of Defense; grant no. 1883003901). The Royal Norwegian Navy supported the work by supplying access to the frigate KNM Otto Sverdrup. PW was supported by the RANNÍS Icelandic Research Fund (grant no. 207081).Understanding the main drivers of behavioural disturbance in deep-diving cetaceans would improve predictions of anthropogenic noise effects on individual animals, habitats and populations. To investigate the potential roles of received level and source distance on behavioural disturbance, we tagged 14 sperm whales in northern Norway with multi-sensor data loggers and conducted dose-escalation experiments. Each experiment included 1 to 4 tagged individuals and involved multiple vessel passes (‘exposure sessions’, n = 25 total) by a navy frigate or research vessel towing a naval sonar, at different starting distances and maximum source levels. We analysed behaviour state series and proxies for locomotor activity and foraging success with generalized additive mixed models. The probability of occurrence of non-foraging active behaviour was affected by received level, source distance and session order, with decreased foraging effort at higher received levels and shorter distances, and during subsequent sessions (indicating short-term sensitisation). Prey capture attempts decreased with increasing received level when whales kept foraging. Similar to what has been suggested for some populations of blue whales and beaked whales regularly exposed to navy sonar, but unlike northern bottlenose whales in more pristine waters, source distance affected sperm whale behavioural responses on a high-latitude foraging ground.Peer reviewe
Collision-free robot scheduling
Get PDFIn this paper, we investigate the problem of designing schedules for completing a set of tasks at fixed locations with multiple robots in a laboratory. We represent the laboratory as a graph with tasks placed on fixed vertices and robots represented as agents, with the constraint that no two robots may occupy the same vertex at any given timestep. Each schedule is partitioned into a set of timesteps, corresponding to a walk through the graph (allowing for a robot to wait at a vertex to complete a task), with each timestep taking time equal to the time for a robot to move from one vertex to another and each task taking some given number of timesteps during the completion of which a robot must stay at the vertex containing the task. The goal is to determine a set of schedules, with one schedule for each robot, minimising the number of timesteps taken by the schedule taking the greatest number of timesteps within the set of schedules. We show that this problem is NP-complete for both star graphs (for k ≥ 2 robots), and planar graphs (for any number of robots). Finally, we provide positive results for path, cycle, and tadpole graphs, showing that we can find an optimal set of schedules for k robots completing m tasks of equal duration of a path of length n in O(kmn), O(kmn2) time, and O(k3m4n) time respectively
Chile and the East German public sphere : mediations of the socialist imaginary in GDR culture between 1970 and 1983
No full textThe thesis "Chile and the East German Public Sphere" analyses the responses to the political turbulence in Chile during the 1970s as depicted in a range of East German media, including literature, radio drama, and film. It explores how representations of revolutionary change in Latin America and the Global South shaped the socialist imaginary in the GDR, and, in particular, how engagement with Chilean politics in this period was accompanied by a sustained reflection on the limits and possibilities of an East German public sphere."This work was supported by a Global PhD Scholarship in Cultural Studies from September 2021 until February 2024, jointly granted by the University of St Andrews and the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. It was further supported by the Stiftung Bildung und Wissenschaft from March 2024 until October 2024."--Fundin
Settlement and tidal zonation patterns of closely related oysters within the genus Saccostrea in a subtropical Australian estuary --implications for restoration
Get PDFFunding: This research was funded by the Nature Conservancy. Open access publishing facilitated by Griffith University, as part of the Wiley - Griffith University agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians.Oyster reefs are considered functionally extinct in many global regions, and restoration efforts are accelerating. Currently, restoration on Australia's eastern coast is focused on the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata); however, multiple species of Saccostrea are found across this region. To understand the intertidal zonation patterns of co-occurring Saccostrea species, we surveyed wild assemblages of adult oysters at different intertidal elevations in the subtropical Noosa River estuary using molecular methods for species identification. We then conducted an oyster gardening experiment across three tidal elevations to assess spat recruitment patterns and determine whether oyster gardening is a viable method of seeding shell for restoration. Adult S. glomerata were more abundant in the upper intertidal zone, whereas adults of the related (but as yet unnamed) Saccostrea lineage G were found almost exclusively in the lower intertidal zone. Spat recruitment was highest in the intertidal zone and lowest in the subtidal zone, indicating that subtidal restoration targeting Saccostrea species may be unsuccessful in this region. We concluded that lineage G is likely to be reef-building; however, restoration programs will likely rely on in situ recruitment for this species until knowledge relating to spawning triggers can inform reliable hatchery production. Furthermore, we show that oyster gardening can be a viable method of seeding shell when systems are not recruitment limited. This method will likely be useful for multispecies restoration across the tropics, where there are many co-occurring and often morphologically indistinguishable reef-building species, providing benefits that far outweigh those of single-species approaches.Peer reviewe
Harmonious colourings of temporal matchings
Get PDFFunding: This work was supported by the Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design.Graph colouring is a fundamental problem in computer science, with a large body of research dedicated to both the general colouring problem and restricted cases. Harmonious colourings are one such restriction, where each edge must contain a globally unique pair of colours, i.e. if an edge connects a vertex coloured x with a vertex coloured y, then no other pair of connected vertices can be coloured x and y. Finding such a colouring in the traditional graph setting is known to be NP-hard, even in trees. This paper considers the generalisation of harmonious colourings to Temporal Graphs, specifically (k,t)-Temporal matchings, a class of temporal graphs where the underlying graph is a matching (a collection of disconnected components containing pairs of vertices), each edge can appear in at most t timesteps, and each timestep can contain at most k other edges. We provide a complete overview of the complexity landscape of finding temporal harmonious colourings for (k,t)-matchings. We show that finding a Temporal Harmonious Colouring, a colouring that is harmonious in each timestep, is NP-hard for (k,t)-Temporal Matchings when k ≥ 4, t ≥ 2, or when k ≥ 2 and t ≥ 3. We further show that this problem is inapproximable for t ≥ 2 and an unbounded value of k, and that the problem of determining the temporal harmonious chromatic number of a (2,3)-temporal matching can be determined in linear time. Finally, we strengthen this result by a set of upper and lower bounds of the temporal harmonious chromatic number both for individual temporal matchings and for the class of (k,t)-temporal matchings
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