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Energy evolution in the progenitor of galaxy shells : a semi-analytical model
Funding: The authors acknowledge the support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFA1608100). X.W. wishes to thank the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (Numbers NSFC-12073026, NSFC-12433002) and “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities” (KY2030000173, WK3440000004), which made this research possible. H.Z. acknowledges the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/V000861/1 and the USTC Fellowship for International Cooperation for the funding provided. L.F. gratefully acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC; grant Nos. 12173037, 12233008), the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (No. YSBR-092), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK3440000006). All the authors thank the Cyrus Chun Ying Tang Foundations and the 111 Project for “Observational and Theoretical Research on Dark Matter and Dark Energy” (B23042).The stellar shells surrounding an elliptical galaxy, as remnants of a dwarf galaxy disrupted during merging, reveal the distribution of energy and angular momentum of the progenitor dwarf galaxy. We develop a semi-analytical model to describe the changes in energy ΔEi and angular momentum ΔLzi for particles during the first infall. We show that these changes, induced by the self-gravity of the progenitor, are important in broadening the initial energy distribution of the Plummer or Hernquist progenitor model. Consequently, these changes are crucial in shaping the shells. In the freefall stage following the disintegration of the progenitor potential, particles are no longer bound by self-gravity but move within the gravitational potential of the target galaxy. We investigate the relationship between the radial period and the energy of particles undergoing radial motion. We show that an accurate model of the energy range of the dwarf galaxy at disruption is essential to predict the number of observable shells.Peer reviewe
Luminescence applications in petrology
Luminescence is a powerful tool to infer physical and chemical conditions during mineral growth. It is very subtly linked to temperature of formation, composition and structural state, and related changes during rock evolution that often cause striking contrasts in the light emitted. This information can show magma sources and the hydrothermal evolution of igneous rocks, sources and diagenesis in sedimentary systems, and the pressure–temperature evolution during metamorphism. However, luminescence is most powerful when it goes beyond imaging, coupling with spectroscopies and microgeochemical techniques. We present examples of luminescence spectroscopies in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks to show how these methods elucidate geological processes. Luminescence imaging is an exciting scientific frontier in which novel methods provide ever deeper insights into petrogenesis.Peer reviewe
Structural refactorings for exploring dependently typed programming
Funding: This work was supported by UK EPSRC, EP/V006290/1.Dependent types provide users with the tools to embody specifications in types, with implementations carrying proofs that the specifications are met. One approach to developing programs in a dependently typed language develops such programs by enriching simply typed programs through a process of refactoring
Characterising TOI-732 b and c : new insights into the M-dwarf radius and density valley
Funding: CHEOPS is an ESA mission in partnership with Switzerland with important contributions to the payload and the ground segment from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The CHEOPS Consortium would like to gratefully acknowledge the support received by all the agencies, offices, universities, and industries involved. Their flexibility and willingness to explore new approaches were essential to the success of this mission. CHEOPS data analysed in this article will be made available in the CHEOPS mission archive ( https://cheops.unige.ch/archive_browser/ ). T.Wi. acknowledges support from the UKSA and the University of Warwick. This work has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grants 51NF40_182901 and 51NF40_205606. A.Br. was supported by the SNSA. S.G.S. acknowledge support from FCT through FCT contract nr. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). M.L. acknowledges support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2_194576. A.Si. and C.Br. acknowledge support from the Swiss Space Office through the ESA PRODEX program. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127). Y.Al. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under grant 200020_192038. N.C.Sa. acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC, FIERCE, 101052347). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. V.V.G. is an F.R.S-FNRS Research Associate. R.Al., D.Ba., E.Pa., and I.Ri. acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the ERDF \u201CA way of making Europe\u201D through projects PID2019-107061GB-C61, PID2019-107061GB-C66, PID2021-125627OB-C31, and PID2021-125627OB-C32, from the Centre of Excellence \u201CSevero Ochoa\u201D award to the Instituto de Astrof\u00EDsica de Canarias (CEX2019-000920-S), from the Centre of Excellence \u201CMar\u00EDa de Maeztu\u201D award to the Institut de Ci\u00E8ncies de l\u2019Espai (CEX2020-001058-M), and from the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. S.C.C.B. acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contracts nr. IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004. L.Bo., V.Na., I.Pa., G.Pi., R.Ra., G.Sc., and T.Zi. acknowledge support from CHEOPS ASI-INAF agreement no. 2019-29-HH.0. A.C.C. acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. P.E.C. is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Erwin Schroedinger Fellowship, program J4595-N. This project was supported by the CNES. The Belgian participation to CHEOPS has been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Program, and by the University of Li\u00E8ge through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. L.D. is an F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral Researcher. This work was supported by FCT \u2013 Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, 2022.06962.PTDC. O.D.S.D. is supported in the form of work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) funded by national funds through FCT. B.-O.D. acknowledges support from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00046. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project F OUR A CES . grant agreement no. 724427). It has also been carried out in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). D.E. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation for project 200021_200726. M.F. and C.M.P. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (DNR 65/19, 174/18). A.J.M. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency (120/19C). D.G. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the CRT foundation under Grant No. 2018.2323 \u201CGaseousor rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds\u201D. M.G. is an F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. M.N.G. is the ESA CHEOPS Project Scientist and Mission Representative, and as such also responsible for the Guest Observers (GO) Programme. M.N.G. does not relay proprietary information between the GO and Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) Programmes, and does not decide on the definition and target selection of the GTO Programme. C.He. acknowledges support from the European Union H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019 under Grant Agreement no. 860470 (CHAMELEON). S.H. gratefully acknowledges CNES funding through the grant 837319. K.G.I. is the ESA CHEOPS Project Scientist and is responsible for the ESA CHEOPS Guest Observers Programme. She does not participate in, or contribute to, the definition of the Guaranteed Time Programme of the CHEOPS mission through which observations described in this paper have been taken, nor to any aspect of target selection for the programme. K.W.F.L. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants RA714/14-1 within the DFG Schwerpunkt SPP 1992, Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of MesoPSL financed by the Region Ile de France and the project Equip@Meso (reference ANR-10-EQPX-29-01) of the programme Investissements d\u2019Avenir supervised by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche. P.M. acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/M001040/1. G.S. acknowledges support provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51519.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. Gy.M.Sz. acknowledges the support of the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grant K-125015, a a PRODEX Experiment Agreement No. 4000137122, the Lend\u00FClet LP2018-7/2021 grant of the Hungarian Academy of Science and the support of the city of Szombathely. N.A.W. acknowledges UKSA grant ST/R004838/1. R.L. acknowledges funding from University of La Laguna through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Universities ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26, and under the EU Next Generation funds. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos S\u00E1nchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This work is partly financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through grants PGC2018-098153-B-C31. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17H04574, JP18H01265, and JP18H05439, Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows Grant Number JP20J21872, JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR1775, and a University Research Support Grant from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1746045.Context. TOI-732 is an M dwarf hosting two transiting planets that are located on the two opposite sides of the radius valley. Inferring a reliable demographics for this type of systems is key to understanding their formation and evolution mechanisms. Aims. By doubling the number of available space-based observations and increasing the number of radial velocity (RV) measurements, we aim at refining the parameters of TOI-732 b and c. We also use the results to study the slope of the radius valley and the density valley for a well-characterised sample of M-dwarf exoplanets. Methods. We performed a global Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis by jointly modelling ground-based light curves and CHEOPS and TESS observations, along with RV time series both taken from the literature and obtained with the MAROON-X spectrograph. The slopes of the M-dwarf valleys were quantified via a support vector machine (SVM) procedure. Results. TOI-732b is an ultrashort-period planet (P = 0.76837931-0.00000042+0.0000039 days) with a radius Rb = 1.325-0.058+0.057R⊕, a mass Mb = 2.46 ± 0.19 M⊕, and thus a mean density ρb = 5.8-0.8+1.0 g cm-3, while the outer planet at P = 12.252284 ± 0.000013 days has Rc = 2.39-0.11+0.10R⊕, Mc = 8.04-0.48+0.50M⊕, and thus ρc = 3.24-0.43+0.55 g cm-3. Even with respect to the most recently reported values, this work yields uncertainties on the transit depths and on the RV semi-amplitudes that are smaller up to a factor of ~1.6 and ~2.4 for TOI-732 b and c, respectively. Our calculations for the interior structure and the location of the planets in the mass-radius diagram lead us to classify TOI-732 b as a super-Earth and TOI-732 c as a mini-Neptune. Following the SVM approach, we quantified d log Rp,valley / d logP = -0.065-0.013+0.024, which is flatter than for Sun-like stars. In line with former analyses, we note that the radius valley for M-dwarf planets is more densely populated, and we further quantify the slope of the density valley as d log ρˆvalley / d log P = -0.02-0.04+0.12. Conclusions. Compared to FGK stars, the weaker dependence of the position of the radius valley on the orbital period might indicate that the formation shapes the radius valley around M dwarfs more strongly than the evolution mechanisms.Peer reviewe
Safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of the antituberculosis drug candidate BTZ-043 in South Africa (PanACEA-BTZ-043–02) : an open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial
Funding: This study is part of the EDCTP2 programme (grant TRIA2015–1102) and funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (01KA1701); German Center for Infection Research; InfectControl (03ZZ0803A, 03ZZ0835A, and 03ZZ0826A); Bavarian Ministry for Science and the Arts; Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation; and Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek.Background The broad use of bedaquiline and pretomanid as the mainstay of new regimens to combat tuberculosis is a risk due to increasing bedaquiline resistance. We aimed to assess the safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of BTZ-043, a first-in-class DprE1 inhibitor with strong bactericidal activity in murine models. Methods This open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial was conducted in two specialised tuberculosis sites in Cape Town, South Africa. Adults aged 18–64 years with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis sensitive to rifampicin and isoniazid, who weighed at least 40 kg, had a positive sputum smear graded at least 1+, were HIV negative, and had no history of hypertension or other substantial comorbidities were admitted to hospital. In stage 1 (multiple-ascending dose phase 1b with an adaptive continual reassessment method), the starting dose of BTZ-043 was 250 mg, with planned dose increments of 250 mg up to 2000 mg, and cohorts of three participants were enrolled sequentially. In stage 2 (phase 2a dose-expansion stage), participants were randomly assigned (3:3:3:2) to receive one of three doses of oral BTZ-043 (decided after stage 1) or standard of care (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) using sealed opaque envelopes. The BTZ-043 groups also received oral dolutegravir (a third of participants) or a probe drug cocktail (caffeine [probe for CYP1A2], tolbutamide [CYP2C9], dextromethorphan [CYP2D6], midazolam [CYP3A4], and digoxin [P-glycoprotein]; two-thirds of participants). Study staff and participants were not masked, but laboratory staff were masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome was to assess the safety and tolerability of BTZ-43 over 14 days of dosing by evaluation of adverse events in the safety analysis population. Secondary outcomes were bactericidal activity, measured by time to positivity (TTP) and colony-forming unit (CFU) count; pharmacokinetics (stage 2; including the food effect on BTZ-043); and drug–drug interactions with CYP450 enzymes, P-glycoprotein, and dolutegravir. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04044001 (completed). Findings In stage 1, 61 patients were assessed for eligibility and 24 were enrolled into seven dose cohorts between Nov 13, 2019, and Aug 13, 2020. Dose escalations were performed safely up to 1750 mg of BTZ-043 with three participants per dose cohort (and two dose cohorts for the highest dose). In stage 2, 151 patients were assessed for eligibility and 54 were enrolled and randomly assigned between Feb 2, 2021, and Feb 9, 2022, to receive 250, 500, and 1000 mg of BTZ-043 or standard of care. 66 (85%) of 78 participants were male and 12 (15%) were female. The most frequently observed adverse events were nausea (12 [8%] of 154), headache (11 [7%]), dizziness (11 [7%]), and vomiting (eight [5%]). Most participants had adverse events of mild (46 [60%] of 77 participants) or moderate (22 [29%]) severity. Transient increases in alanine aminotransferase were observed in both stages, which declined again despite continued dosing and were classified as signs of adaptation of hepatic metabolism rather than hepatotoxicity. The worsening of pre-existing anaemia and QTcF interval prolongation in one individual each were rated as possibly related to the study drug. One patient died before the first scheduled dose of BTZ-043 500 mg due to a pulmonary embolism. In stage 1, bactericidal activity measured as CFU counts on solid media was highest at doses 750–1500 mg; in stage 2, all doses of BTZ-043 showed 14-day bactericidal activity, highest at 1000 mg on solid media (log10 CFU/mL per day –0·115 [95% CI –0·162 to –0·069]) and TTP estimates were highest at 500 mg in liquid media (log10 h per day 0·015 [0·010 to 0·019]). BTZ-043 pharmacokinetics showed increased exposure with high-fat food versus fasting (area under the curve [AUC]0–last geometric mean ratio 4·13 [90% CI 1·65 to 10·30] for BTZ-043; 2·99 [1·39 to 6·41] for BTZ-043total [BTZ-043 plus metabolite 2]; and 1·25 [0·66 to 2·39] for metabolite 1). When taken with a standard breakfast, BTZ-043total AUC showed a dose-proportional increase up to 33 200 ng/mL × h (range 12 500 to 48 200) at 1000 mg. The maximum concentration (Cmax) increased to 5060 ng/mL (2450 to 8020); and median half-life was 3·72 h (2·45 to 6·60). Probe drug evaluations showed bioequivalence (ie, 90% CI of the AUC0–infinity geometric mean ratio from administration to day 14 entirely within the range of 80 to 125%) for caffeine (100·0% [90% CI 86·3 to 115·9]), digoxin (113·4% [105·9 to 121·5]), and dolutegravir (106·1% [91·5 to 122·9]). Dextromethorphan (116·2% [104·6 to 129·1]), tolbutamide (252·7% [230·7 to 276·9]), and midazolam (77·0% [69·2 to 85·6]) did not meet the bioequivalence criterion. Interpretation Based on a small sample size, BTZ-043 is a promising antituberculosis drug candidate with favourable safety and good bactericidal activity. Larger follow-up studies are needed to detect any less frequent safety signals, further explore drug–drug interactions, identify the best dose, and evaluate efficacy in combination with other drugs.Peer reviewe
Schlieren texture and topography induced confinement in an organic exciton-polariton laser
Funding: F.L.R acknowledges funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Humboldt Fellowship. A.M. acknowledges funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101023743 (PolDev). This research was financially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Humboldt Professorship to M.C.G.).Non-linearities in organic exciton-polariton microcavities represent an attractive platform for quantum devices. However, progress in this area hinges on the development of material platforms for high-performance polariton lasing, scalable and sustainable fabrication, and ultimately strategies for electrical pumping. Here, we show how introducing Schlieren texturing and a rough intra-cavity topography in a liquid crystalline conjugated polymer enables strong in-plane confinement of polaritons and drastic enhancement of the lasing properties. In high-Q distributed Bragg reflector microcavities, polariton lasing was observed at unprecedented thresholds of 136 fJ per pulse. Morphology tuning also permitted polariton lasing in more lossy metallic microcavities while maintaining a competitive lasing threshold. The facile fabrication of these cavities will drastically reduce the complexity of integrating polariton lasers with other structures and the high conductivity of metallic mirrors may provide a route to electrical pumping.Peer reviewe
Evolving marine sedimentation, redox stratification, and biogeochemical cycling in mid- to low-latitudinal non-frozen waters during late Neoproterozoic global-scale climatic transitions
AS, SM and SS acknowledge the DAE-BRNS (Department of Atomic Energy-Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences), Govt. of India for funding the research project (with Sanction No. 36(5)/14/03/2018-BRNS with NRFCC, BRNS). PS acknowledges the UGC, Govt. of India, start-up grant. AS and SM, are grateful to AMD (Atomic Mineral Directorate for Exploration and Research), Govt. of India, for their collaboration and cooperation during this research work. ES acknowledges funding from a NERC-UK Frontiers grant (NE/V010824/1). All the authors acknowledge their respective department for infrastructural facilities. We thank the editor Dr. Frances Westall, the associate editor Dr. Luke Beranek, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback that improved the manuscript.Indian Neoproterozoic successions offer unique insights into global paleoclimatic and biogeochemical transitions. This study presents a detailed sedimentological and geochemical analysis of marine siliciclastic sedimentary rocks from the Cave-Temple Arenite Member of the Kerur Formation, the lowermost formation of the Badami Basin within the Dharwar Craton of the South Indian Shield. Geochronological constraints on overlying carbonate rocks from the Konkankoppa Limestone Member of the uppermost Katageri Formation provide a post-Cryogenian to mid-Ediacaran age of 604 ± 25 (1σ) Ma for the upper limit of marine sedimentation. Sedimentological and geochemical proxies, accompanied with previous geochronological and provenance studies, indicate a rift-related intracratonic basin influenced by tectonic processes associated with the Rodinia supercontinent breakup. Provenance studies reveal sediment contributions predominantly from the Archaean to Mesoproterozoic quartzofeldspathic sources. Marine intervals exhibit distinct stratification, with oxic, brackish to mildly saline shallow waters transitioning to anoxic-euxinic, more saline deeper waters. These conditions emerged above a fluvio-alluvial cycle formed during cold, arid climatic conditions. However, CIA (Chemical Index of Alteration) values suggest subsequent warmer, humid climates during the transgression and evolution of the marine interval. This scenario of climate change and marine transgression likely reflects a global climatic shift during one of the two potential hothouse phases, depending on the estimated minimum and maximum depositional ages spanning approximately from 629 to 579 Ma. These ages correspond either to the post-Marinoan or the post-Gaskiers glaciations, both characterized by intense chemical weathering, high nutrient influx, and enhanced productivity along deeper marine shelves. The studied succession, marked by the absence of glacial deposits and a stratified non-frozen marine setting supposedly situated at mid- to low latitudes, offers evidence for a unique paleoenvironment that harboured active biogeochemical cycles amidst evolving climatic conditions.Peer reviewe
CHEOPS observations confirm nodal precession in the WASP-33 system
Funding: ACC acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant number ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/X002217/1. TWi acknowledges support from the UKSA and the University of Warwick. CHe acknowledges support from the European Union H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019 under Grant Agreement no. 860470 (CHAMELEON). PM acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/R000638/1. NCSa acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC, FIERCE, 101052347). NAW acknowledges UKSA grant ST/R004838/1.Aims. We aim to observe the transits and occultations of WASP-33 b, which orbits a rapidly rotating δ Scuti pulsator, with the goal of measuring the orbital obliquity via the gravity-darkening effect, and constraining the geometric albedo via the occultation depth. Methods. We observed four transits and four occultations with CHEOPS, and employ a variety of techniques to remove the effects of the stellar pulsations from the light curves, as well as the usual CHEOPS systematic effects. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of low-resolution spectral and Gaia data to re-determine the stellar properties of WASP-33. Results. We measure an orbital obliquity 111.3−0.7+0.2 degrees, which is consistent with previous measurements made via Doppler tomography. We also measure the planetary impact parameter, and confirm that this parameter is undergoing rapid secular evolution as a result of nodal precession of the planetary orbit. This precession allows us to determine the second-order fluid Love number of the star, which we find agrees well with the predictions of theoretical stellar models. We are unable to robustly measure a unique value of the occultation depth, and emphasise the need for long-baseline observations to better measure the pulsation periods.Peer reviewe
Hierarchical political power and the value of cash holdings
This study examines the relationship between hierarchical political power and the value of cash holdings. To model the power structure, we utilize the hierarchical civil service system in China to distinguish between the holders of high- and low-level political power. We establish that directors with high-level political power increase the market value of cash, whereas those with low-level political power have no impact. Such effects are more pronounced in non-state-owned firms, in regions where politicians are subject to higher political pressure and in firms experiencing stronger agency conflicts. Further analysis shows that directors with high-level political power can increase the value of cash holdings through improved investment efficiency. Among directors with high-level political power, shareholders benefit most from the presence of those ranked at the Bureau-Department level. Our study provides original evidence that political hierarchy holds significance for investors’ valuation of cash holdings and emphasizes the importance of the heterogeneous nature of boards’ political capital in determining corporate value.Peer reviewe
Waste, colonialism, and the city
A review of 'a mass conspiracy to feed people', 'pollution is colonialism', and 'waste siege: the life of infrastructure in Palestine'Non peer reviewe