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Limitations of the questionnaire method : a reply to Hodroj, Latham, and Miller, ‘The moving open future, temporal phenomenology, and temporal passage’
No full textHodroj, Latham, and Miller’s target article is the latest in a slew of recent studies that seek to investigate temporal experience using a method that involves participants reading vignettes then completing questionnaires. I have significant misgivings about this method, and in this commentary, I discuss its limitations. I start by discussing the kinds of proposals that can, and cannot, be tested in principle using the questionnaire method, suggesting that some prominent proposals fall outside its scope. I illustrate this through an analogy with the opponent process theory of colour experience, where I suggest that the tools of cognitive neuroscience are needed. I then draw attention to some of the pitfalls of the questionnaire method in general, and to some problems specific to the current study. One major issue concerns the question of whether it has been shown that participants really understood their task. I give reasons for doubting this. First, I show that it is too easy to answer the comprehension questions correctly without understanding. Second, I argue that it is not credible that participants actually held the world view entailed by the combination of responses given by a significant minority of them, suggesting that there was significant confusion. I raise several other objections before concluding with a modest suggestion for future work.Peer reviewe
Does the experience of remembering differentially influence the factual accuracy of recognition, and confidence in its accuracy?
No full textRemembering is typically viewed as unreliable and prone to errors, whereas highly confident recognition memory is often believed to be highly reliable and associated with high recognition accuracy. We evaluated these beliefs using memory for photographs of natural scenes in two studies: recognition memory to examine picture similarity effects in a 2-alternative forced-choice measure, and source memory to examine picture-location associations with a continuous retrieval accuracy measure. Additionally, we assessed the experience of remembering and its influence on judgments of confidence and memory accuracy. High confidence remembering was associated with high accuracy when perceptually or mnemonically similar lures were presented in the item recognition task. However, an association between high confidence and high accuracy was also seen in the absence of remembering for mnemonically similar lures. The confidence-accuracy inversion in the picture similarity task is speculated due to confidently (mis)remembering a similar picture stored in memory. Based on analyses of participant and trial level data, in both studies memory quality was strongly associated with confidence. Importantly, remembering moderated the association between recognition accuracy and confidence judgments, differentially influencing confidence more than it influenced accuracy. Memory quality moderated the association between source accuracy and confidence, the relationship being stronger for images remembered vividly. Our findings have implications for accounts of vividness, confidence, episodic memory, and eyewitness testimony. High confidence recognition may not in all cases reliably imply high accuracy. Highly vivid memories, confidently recollected, may not always be factually accurate.Peer reviewe
Understanding the mechanism of nontraditional zeolite synthesis using in situ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
No full textFunding: This research was funded by the European Research Council under Advanced Grant 787073 and by the UKRI (EPSRC) under grant number EP/W034824/1. The authors would like to thank the Allan Handsel Postgraduate Research Scholarship for Chemistry for studentship funding for E.A.L.B. The UK High-Field Solid-State NMR Facility used in this research was funded by EPSRC and BBSRC (EP/T015063/1), in addition to (for results at 850 MHz) the University of Warwick including via part funding through Birmingham Science City Advanced Materials Projects 1 and 2 supported by Advantage West Midlands (AWM) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)). We also gratefully acknowledge funding from the EPSRC for microscopy through grant numbers EP/L017008/1, EP/R023751/1 and EP/T019298/1 and EP/V034138/1 for powder diffraction.In situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments are used to develop mechanistic insights into the disassembly and organization steps of nontraditional zeolite synthesis using the ADOR (Assembly, Disassembly, Organization, Reassembly) process. The work focuses on the reaction of the germanosilicate zeolite UTL to form two ADOR intermediates: IPC-1P on reaction with water and IPC-2P on reaction with aqueous HCl. The changes in the local structure on reaction with water can be modeled as one overall disassembly process, but the long-range changes, as measured by changes in interlayer spacing determined by XRD, indicate multiple stages of the reaction as the layer structure develops. For the reaction with aqueous acid, the local changes are modeled with two processes: a disassembly and an interlayer rearrangement (organization step). However, only one major stage of change is seen in the XRD measurements. The new details revealed by the in situ studies demonstrate that both local (probed by NMR spectroscopy) and long-range (probed by XRD) changes to the structure are required to truly understand how the reaction proceeds. The results provide new insights into the relative kinetics of the different processes involved in the reactions under different conditions and reveal new features such as staging in the layer stacking changes in the organization step.Peer reviewe
Brexit and wellbeing : strained intergroup relations and positive intergroup contact predict wellbeing of Remainers and Leavers post Brexit
No full textFunding: This research was funded by the British Academy/Leverhulme Small Research Grant “Bridging the divide: Piloting an intergroup contact intervention in the context of Brexit” (SRG19\191421), awarded to the second (Principal Investigator) and first authors.Britain's exit from the European Union has divided the public, making it crucial to understand its implications for wellbeing. In two survey studies (N = 280, April 2020; N = 575, Nov 2020–July 2021) we examined how subjective wellbeing (mental wellbeing, MW; life satisfaction, LS) is predicted by Brexit attitudes and strained intergroup relations between UK Remainers and Leavers. We further tested whether positive intergroup contact is associated with wellbeing outcomes, via intergroup anxiety. Wellbeing was higher among Leavers than Remainers in Study 2. Negative intergroup emotions predicted lower MW for Remainers (Study 1). Perceived outgroup respect predicted higher MW for both groups, more so for Leavers (Study 2). Brexit identity negatively predicted wellbeing (Study 2), while contact quality positively predicted wellbeing (MW, Studies 1 and 2; LS, Study 2), via intergroup anxiety. Positive Brexit attitudes predicted greater wellbeing, especially for Leavers (Study 2). Greater wellbeing among Leavers may be attributed to the congruence between personal and perceived environmental values in the aftermath of Brexit. Strained intergroup relations were linked with lower wellbeing and positive contact was associated with higher wellbeing, via intergroup anxiety. Our research offers insights for interventions aimed at promoting wellbeing in polarized contexts by considering intergroup dynamics.Peer reviewe
Unfair and square : reflections from Exarcheia
No full textThis brief intervention reflects on the transformation of Exarcheia Square in Athens since the construction of the new metro stop commenced in August 2022. Through the dismantling of the neighbourhood’s long-standing spatial contract between state power and dissent, the intervention traces how this infrastructural development operates as a political and symbolic project of homogenization and repression. Drawing on John Berger’s writing on place, it explores the expected ‘destiny’ of radical urban spaces under late liberal capitalism and assesses how recent legal, political and community struggles continue to challenge this otherwise imposed future.Peer reviewe
EWOCS-I : the catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey
No full textFunding: M.G.G., C.A., R.B., E.F., G.L.I., L.P., and S.S. acknowledge the INAF grant 1.05.12.05.03. K.M. acknowledges support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the CEEC-individual contract 2022.03809.CEECIND and research grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020. I.N. is partially supported by the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.130 39/501 100 011 033/FEDER, UE) under grant PID2021-122397NB-C22, and also by MCIN with funding from the European Union NextGenerationEU and Generalitat Valenciana in the call Pro-grama de Planes Complementarios de I + D + i (PRTR 2022), project HIAMAS, reference ASFAE/2022/017. M. G. G. and R. B. acknowledge partial support from the Grant INAF 2022 YODA; R. B. also acknowledges partial support from the project PRIN-INAF 2019 “Spectroscopically Tracing the Disk Dispersal Evolution”. M.M. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council for the ERC Consolidator grant DEMOBLACK, under contract no. 770017, and from the German Excellence Strategy via the Heidelberg Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2181 – 390900948) STRUCTURES.Context . With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions among stars. Aims . In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars. The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun. Methods . The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically, the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec. Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software. Results . The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2 s−1. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution, with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.Peer reviewe
Brachiopods as archives of intrannual, annual, and interannual environmental variations
No full textFunding: G. Crippa, L. Angiolini, and M. Viaretti acknowledge funding by the MURST PRIN 2017RX9XXXY, project “Biota resilience to global change: biomineralization of planktic and benthic calcifiers in the past, present and future” to E. Erba and by the European Union—Next Generation EU PRIN MUR 2022WEZR44 to C. Bottini. The work was also partly supported by the Italian Ministry for Universities and Research (MUR) through the project “Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023-27” (G. Crippa, L. Angiolini, and M. Viaretti). H. Jurikova acknowledges funding from the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2023-199). H. Jurikova and J. W. B. Rae acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 805246).Brachiopods have been employed for environmental and climatic reconstructions in the near and geological past. Traditionally, one datapoint is obtained per shell, providing time-averaged bulk signals. However, brachiopods also have the potential to provide time-resolved information on (sub)annual timescales, but this has been understudied due to difficulties in accounting for brachiopod shell growth. We investigated the distribution of δ18O, δ13C and Element/Ca along growth profiles of three Recent terebratulides from temperate and polar latitudes. We employed a novel approach using the Brody–Bertalanffy equation to transform shell distances into ages, permitting the study of periodicity in the measured signatures. We show that, superimposed on ontogenetic trends, faster-growing temperate species record annual and intrannual changes at collection sites, whereas slower-growing Antarctic species are also controlled by endogenous cycles. δ18O profiles reflect annual and intrannual variations in midlatitudes and interannual variations at high latitudes. δ13C and Element/Ca are additionally influenced by vital effects.Peer reviewe
Hall's marriage theorem
No full textIn 1935, Philip Hall published what is often referred to as ‘Hall's marriage theorem’ in a short paper (P. Hall, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (1) 10 (1935), no. 1, 26–30.) This paper has been very influential. I state the theorem and outline Hall's proof, together with some equivalent (or stronger) earlier results, and proceed to discuss some the many directions in combinatorics and beyond which this theorem has influenced.Peer reviewe
Can hematological biomarkers indicate diagnoses and prognosis in stranded harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)?
No full textFunding: Natural Environment Research Council. Grant Number: NE/Y006194/1; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government. Grant Number: C20796 - ME6062.Wildlife health assessments offer critical insights in applied ecological research, but their interpretation is often limited by missing complementary data. There is heightened need for such data for European harbor seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) given their recent population decline. We investigated trends in and hematological markers of health and survival of pre- and post- weaned harbor seal pups using a 10-year rehabilitation database (n = 2428), and established hematological reference ranges from clinically healthy pups at release (age 3–12 months; n = 260). Hematological parameters at admission were related to pup age class and diagnoses. Specifically, values for parasitic pneumonia—the predominant diagnosis at admission for post-weaned pups—fell outside reference ranges for some parameters. Both body mass and hematological parameters at admission were related to the probability of surviving to release. Parameters associated with survival differed with age class but included those closely related to immune function, parasitic burden, anemia, and dehydration. Trends in admission numbers and body mass were mostly driven by changes in stranding protocols; however, there was an indication of emerging trends associated with population decline. These findings provide hematological markers to assess health and survival of both stranded and free-living harbor seal pups.Peer reviewe
How is your story also my story? Examining the role of the professional artist in performance co-created with communities
Get PDFThis practice-based PhD explores my role as a professional artist in the co-creation of performance with communities in Scotland. Anchored in over two decades of socially engaged theatre practice, the research interrogates authorship, ownership, and autobiography through three case studies: ALBERT DRIVE (2013), OLD BOY (2016 - ), and MOTION (2018). Drawing from my work with Glass Performance, the thesis situates collaborative devising within social and cultural contexts, highlighting how lived experience, locality, and identity inform the creative process. It critically examines the ethical dimensions of co-creation, addressing power dynamics, representation, the responsibilities of the artist in shaping collective narratives and the role of care. Central to this enquiry is the question: How is your story also my story? Through this lens, I argue for a framing of socially engaged performance not as an extension of education but as an artistic form in its own right, capable of reshaping cultural value systems and reimagining community relationships. The thesis contributes to a practical methodology for co-creation, rooted in dialogue, inclusivity, and shared authorship, and offers a personal reflection on the evolution of my arts practice
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