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Gaia22dkvLb : a microlensing planet potentially accessible to radial-velocity characterization
Get PDFFunding: This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China No. 2019YFA0405100, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 12133005), and the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with No. CMS-CSST2021-B12. S.D. acknowledges the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE. R.A.S. and E.B. gratefully acknowledge funding from NASA award 80NSSC19K029. R.F.J. acknowledges support for this project provided by ANID’s Millennium Science Initiative through grant ICN12_009, awarded to the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), and by ANID’s Basal project FB210003. Y.T. acknowledges the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (TS 356/3-1). This research uses data obtained through the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the TAP member institutes. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. These observations are associated with program 16871. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www. cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa. int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular, the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research has made use of the VizieR catalog access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France. This work uses observations made at the Observatorio do Pico dos Dias/LNA (Brazil). Some of the observations reported in this paper were obtained with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). Polish participation in SALT is funded by grant No. MEiN nr 2021/WK/01. This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101004719 (OPTICON-RadioNet Pilot). This research was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant No. 2017/25/B/ST9/02805. We acknowledge ESA Gaia, DPAC, and the Photometric Science Alerts Team (http://gsaweb.ast. cam.ac.uk/alerts).We report discovering an exoplanet from following up a microlensing event alerted by Gaia. The event Gaia22dkv is toward a disk source rather than the traditional bulge microlensing fields. Our primary analysis yields a Jovian planet with Mp = 0.59+0.15-0.05 MJ at a projected orbital separation r⊥ = 1.4+0.8-0.3 au, and the host is a ~1.1 M⊙ turnoff star at ~1.3 kpc. At r' ≈ 14, the host is far brighter than any previously discovered microlensing planet host, opening up the opportunity to test the microlensing model with radial velocity (RV) observations. RV data can be used to measure the planet's orbital period and eccentricity, and they also enable searching for inner planets of the microlensing cold Jupiter, as expected from the "inner-outer correlation" inferred from Kepler and RV discoveries. Furthermore, we show that Gaia astrometric microlensing will not only allow precise measurements of its angular Einstein radius θE, but also directly measure the microlens parallax vector and unambiguously break a geometric light-curve degeneracy, leading to definitive characterization of the lens system.Peer reviewe
Formative, not extractive : how critically reflexive research can make a difference
Get PDFWhat if the most important route for scholarly impact was not what we write, but instead who we are and what we do? And what if our being and doing are both shaped by our learning and formation as researchers? In this article I explore how critical researchers, committed to reflexive practice in their work, can have significant scope for personal impact through three routes. The first route is through the work of education, which impacts directly on current and future practitioners. The second route goes by way a transformational approach to the work of reviewing and editing, which has widespread impact on the field. The third route is connected to taking on leadership roles, which allows reflexive researchers to show how their practice can inform and shape leader work in positive ways. Going further, I propose that personally relevant reflexive research provides the best formation for such routes to impact, and highlight potential directions for such projects.Peer reviewe
Insights from feature tracking of optical satellite data for studying rock glacier kinematics in the Northern Tien Shan
No full textFunding: EW was funded by the Global Doctoral Scholarship between the University of St Andrews and the University of Bonn. The work by TB was supported by the Kazakhstan Program of Targeted Financing of Scientific Research, “Glacial systems of Central Asia transboundary basins: condition, current and forecast changes, role in ensuring water security of region countries,” grant number BR18574176. Publication fees were supported by St Andrews open access fund.Rock glaciers are prevalent across the Tien Shan and exhibit complex, but poorly understood kinematics linked to climate and environmental fluctuations. This study employed a frequency domain cross-correlation method to investigate rock glacier velocities in the Northern Tien Shan. We compared different sources of satellite imagery, including 0.5m Pléiades, 3m Planet, 10m Sentinel-2 and 15m Landsat-8 data. Analysis of high-resolution Pléiades imagery in the Central Ile Alatau showed considerable spatial heterogeneity in flow. The highest median velocity of 0.65 m/yr was observed on Timofeyeva rock glacier, with an upper quartile value of 0.90 m/yr. Ordzhonikidze and Morennyi rock glaciers also exhibited high activity, with upper quartile values of 1.91 m/yr and 0.96 m/yr, respectively, despite considerably lower mean and median values than Timofeyeva. We observed bimodal velocity distributions on a number of rock glaciers, highlighting the limitations of using mean and median statistics for characterising rock glacier activity. Sentinel-2 data was capable of detecting kinematic patterns that closely reflected those identified by high-resolution Pléiades data. Velocities were derived from Sentinel-2 imagery for 672 rock glaciers across the Northern Tien Shan over a 7-year period (2016–2023). Many of the larger rock glaciers in the regional inventory exhibited active areas with velocities that exceeded 2 m per year. Topographic analysis in the Central Ile Alatau and visual inspection showed the fastest velocities to generally occur on lower, flatter areas near the rock glacier front. However, topography did not entirely explain the spatial flow heterogeneity. We interpret that these spatial patterns in activity are related to individual rock glacier’s internal structure.Peer reviewe
Examining tourism consumers’ attitudes and the role of sensory information in virtual reality experiences of a tourist destination
Get PDFFunding: The authors would like to thank and express appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, for the financial support under Raed Track (Grant No 207004).The purpose of this research is twofold: firstly, we aim to understand the role of virtual reality (VR) in influencing tourism consumers’ attitudes toward a tourist destination and, secondly, understand the influence of different levels of sensory information presented through VR experiences on the development of mental imagery, attitudes toward the destination, and visit intention. We tackle this through a multistudy experimental approach. First, in study 1, we demonstrate that VR plays a positive role in enhancing previously held consumer attitudes toward a tourist destination. Second, we affirm that VR has a greater positive effect on attitudes toward a destination in comparison to a less immersive technology (i.e., website). Third, in study 2, we find that different levels of sensory information in VR experiences result in significant differences with regard to the developed mental imagery, sense of presence in the experience, attitudes toward the destination and visit intentions.Peer reviewe
PROTOCOL - Non‐criminal justice interventions for countering cognitive and behavioural radicalisation amongst children and adolescents : a systematic review of effectiveness and implementation
Get PDFFunding: This review is funded by a Campbell Collaboration grant awarded to Sarah Marsden and James Lewis through the Campbell 5RD CVE programme.This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. (1) Examine whether secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system are effective at countering the cognitive and behavioural radicalisation of children and adolescents by synthesising evidence relating to relevant primary and secondary outcomes of effectiveness. (2) Examine whether secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system are being implemented as intended by synthesising evidence that captures how interventions are implemented, considering whether they are implemented as expected or in ways that align with their underlying logic. (3) Identify those implementation factors (facilitators and barriers) and moderators that impact how interventions working with children and adolescents are delivered.Peer reviewe
Title redacted
No full textAbstract redacted"This work was supported by the Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Project (DPST) Scholarship, which was funded by the Royal Government of
Thailand for my PhD scholarship.
The Raman microscope at the University of St. Andrews is supported by the EPSRC Light Element Analysis Facility Grant EP/T019298/1 and the EPSRC Strategic Equipment Resource Grant EP/R023751/1" -- Fundin
Broad substrate scope C-C oxidation in cyclodipeptides catalysed by a flavin-dependent filament
Get PDFFunding: The authors thank the University of Dundee Cryo-EM facility for access to the instrumentation, funded by Wellcome (223816/Z/21/Z) and MRC (MRC World Class Laboratories PO 4050845509). They thank electron Bio-Imaging Centre (eBIC) facility, Diamond light source Ltd, UK for collection of 300kV electron microscope data. E.S. was funded by the Cunningham Trust (PhD-CT-18-41), C.M.C. is funded by the Wellcome Trust (210486/Z/18/Z and [204821/Z/16/Z] to the University of St Andrews), B.E.B. acknowledges equipment funding by BBSRC (BB/R013780/1), R.S. is funded by the Wellcome Trust (223816/Z/21/Z).Cyclic dipeptides are produced by organisms across all domains of life, with many exhibiting anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Oxidations are often key to their biological activities, particularly C-C bond oxidation catalysed by tailoring enzymes including cyclodipeptide oxidases. These flavin-dependent enzymes are underexplored due to their intricate three-dimensional arrangement involving multiple copies of two distinct small subunits, and mechanistic details underlying substrate selection and catalysis are lacking. Here, we determined the structure and mechanism of the cyclodipeptide oxidase from the halophile Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (NdasCDO), a component of the biosynthetic pathway for nocazine natural products. We demonstrated that NdasCDO forms filaments in solution, with a covalently bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor at the interface between three distinct subunits. The enzyme exhibits promiscuity, processing various cyclic dipeptides as substrates in a distributive manner. The reaction is optimal at high pH and involves the formation of a radical intermediate. Pre-steady-state kinetics, a significant solvent kinetic isotope effect, and the absence of viscosity effects suggested that a step linked to FMN regeneration controlled the reaction rate. Our work elucidates the complex mechanistic and structural characteristics of this dehydrogenation reaction, positioning NdasCDO as a promising biocatalyst and expanding the FMN-dependent oxidase family to include enzyme filaments.Peer reviewe
Bratman on institutional agency
Get PDFIn his recent book, Shared and Institutional Agency, Bratman attempts to defend realism about institutional agency while appealing only to ontologically modest foundations. Here I argue that this ontologically modest foundation leaves Bratman unable to provide plausible accounts of institutional evidence, institutional belief, and the reasons for which institutions believe and act. Given that these phenomena are key to our moral and epistemic evaluation of institutions and their actions, this is a serious failing. Instead, we should defend a more robust realism about institutional agency.Peer reviewe
#Legitimacy : public legitimation strategies of international organizations on social media
No full textSocial media is extensively used by international organizations (IOs) and provides them with novel opportunities to engage their audiences. The scholarly literature has yet to thoroughly explore the implications of the new medium and how it affects IOs’ agency, authority, and legitimation. Therefore, this thesis asks why and how IOs use social media in their communication practice. The thesis argues that IOs use social media strategically to legitimate themselves to the public in order to preserve their authority. Drawing on new media scholarship, the thesis conceptualizes IOs’ public on social media as fragmented and consisting of IO opinion leaders, seekers, and avoiders, whose legitimacy beliefs are all crucial for the preservation of IOs’ authority. The thesis argues that IOs leverage social media’s velocity, connectivity, and immediacy to pursue three modes of legitimation: 1) long-term planning, 2) targeting of IO opinion leaders, seekers, and avoiders, and 3) responsiveness to user engagement, world events, breaking news, and delegitimation. Thereby, IOs can spread relevant and relatable legitimacy claims to their publics. This thesis applies a mixed method approach to empirically explore the theorizations by studying the Twitter communications of the United Nations (UN). 1) Expert interviews with IO social media practitioners allowed the study of the UN’s strategic reasoning and decision-making processes behind the adoption and use of social media. 2) Quantitative methods derived from computational social science enabled the assessment of the UN’s extensive Twitter output. 3) Qualitative content analysis allowed the in-depth study of the ways in which the UN promotes legitimacy claims on Twitter. This thesis contributes to the scholarly understanding of IOs’ legitimation practice in the digital age and how social media changes its substance and methods
Parabolic carpets
Get PDFFunding: The authors were both supported by an EPSRC Standard Grant (EP/R015104/1). J. M. Fraser was also supported by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant (RPG-2019-034) and an RSE Sabbatical Research Grant (70249). N. Jurga was also supported by a Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2021-385).We introduce and study a family of non-conformal and non-uniformly contracting iterated function systems. We refer to the attractors of such systems as parabolic carpets. Roughly speaking they may be thought of as nonlinear analogues of self-affine carpets which are allowed to have parabolic fixed points. We compute the Lq-spectrum of a class of weak Gibbs measures supported on parabolic carpets as well as the box dimensions of the carpet itself.Peer reviewe
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