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Love at arms’ length : reconciliationism and its tentative future
No full textIn a string of articles, over the years, Shawn Bawulski has propagated a palatable via media between full-fledged apokatastasis and a traditionalist doctrine of hell. Though not original to Bawulski, reconciliationism, in the eyes of many, offers a more faithful and effective synthesis of varied Christian eschatological commitments. Despite reconciliationism’s initial comparative aesthetic and moral superiority vis-à-vis numerous alternative eschatological models, it flounders amidst a quagmire of theological impediments. To that end, this paper examines some of reconciliationism’s shortcomings, particularly relating to peculiar conceptions of concupiscence and everlasting ennui.Peer reviewe
“Taking delight in the temptation that torments them”a longing for the abyss, or the temptation of the Fall in libertine fiction
No full textThis article discusses the representation of erotic temptation in the libertine narratives of the eighteenth century. In these, we have authors who use the motif of temptation to explore their characters’ psyche while questioning the sanctions that Ancien Régime society imposed on sexuality—notably that of women. Our aim is to show that libertine temptations crystallize the internalization of Evil during the Enlightenment era, when temptation is in fact depicted as originating from a deep, innermost desire rather than an evil outside force. In this testing of his will, the individual discovers he is not the passive plaything of either demons or his own nature. Gifted with free will, he is characterized by his freedom to choose between good and evil, the pleasurable and the reasonable. This is why tempted characters view the Fall itself, despite its dangers, as an experience of freedom, and why temptation, for its part, is presented as a delicious thrill.Peer reviewe
Detection of hydrocarbons in the disk around an actively-accreting planetary-mass object
No full textFunding: L.F. and R.J. acknowledge support for the JWST-GO-04583.008 program provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. A.S. and B.D. acknowledge support from the UKRI Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/Y001419/1/. K.M. acknowledges support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the CEEC-individual contract 2022.03809.CEECIND and research grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020.We present the 0.6–12 μm spectrum of Cha 1107-7626, a 6–10 Jupiter-mass free-floating object in the ∼2 Myr-old Chamaeleon-I star-forming region, from observations with the NIRSpec and MIRI instruments on board the James Webb Space Telescope. We confirm that Cha 1107-7626 is one of the lowest-mass objects known to harbor a dusty disk with infrared excess emission at wavelengths beyond 4 μm. Our NIRSpec data and prior ground-based observations provide strong evidence for ongoing accretion through hydrogen recombination lines. In the mid-infrared spectrum, we detect unambiguously emission lines caused by methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2H4) in its circumsubstellar disk. Our findings mean that Cha 1107-7626 is by far the lowest-mass object with hydrocarbons observed in its disk. The spectrum of the disk looks remarkably similar to that of ISO-ChaI 147, a very low-mass star with a carbon-rich disk that is 10–20 times more massive than Cha 1107-7626. The hydrocarbon lines can be accounted for with a model assuming gas temperatures of a few hundred kelvin in the inner disk. The obvious similarities between the spectra of a low-mass star and a planetary-mass object indicate that the conditions in the inner disks can be similar across a wide range of central object masses.Peer reviewe
Radar polarimetry in glaciology : theory, measurement techniques, and scientific applications for investigating the anisotropy of ice masses
Get PDFFunding: BHH was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Grant 2317927. MRE, FMO and RD were supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Emmy Noether grant (Grant DR 822/3-1) and FMO was also supported by Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes (doctoral scholarship). NMR was supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (DFF), Grant 2032-00364B. TAG was supported by Novo Nordisk Foundation Grant NNF23OC0081251. MRS was supported by NSF (Grant 2049302).Dielectric anisotropy in ice alters the propagation of polarized radio waves, so polarimetric radar sounding can be used to survey anisotropic properties of ice masses. Ice anisotropy is either intrinsic, associated with ice-crystal orientation fabric (COF), or extrinsic, associated with material heterogeneity, such as bubbles, fractures, and directional roughness at the glacier bed. Anisotropy develops through a history of snow deposition and ice flow, and the consequent mechanical properties of anisotropy then feed back to influence ice flow. Constraints on anisotropy are therefore important for understanding ice dynamics, ice-sheet history, and future projections of ice flow and associated sea-level change. Radar techniques, applied using ground-based, airborne, or spaceborne instruments, can be deployed more quickly and over a larger area than either direct sampling, via ice-core drilling, or analogous seismic techniques. Here, we review the physical nature of dielectric anisotropy in glacier ice, the general theory for radio-wave propagation through anisotropic media, polarimetric radar instruments and survey strategies, and the extent of applications in glacier settings. We close by discussing future directions, such as polarimetric interpretations outside COF, planetary and astrophysical applications, innovative survey geometries, and polarimetric profiling. We argue that the recent proliferation in polarimetric subsurface sounding radar marks a critical inflection, since there are now several approaches for data collection and processing. This review aims to guide the expanding polarimetric user base to appropriate techniques so they can address new and existing challenges in glaciology, such as constraining ice viscosity, a critical control on ice flow and future sea-level change.Peer reviewe
Isochalcogenourea-catalysed acylative dynamic transformation of tetra-substituted morpholinone lactols
No full textAbstract redacte
Computer simulations of a dynamic sodium pump-mediated hyperpolarization and short-term motor memory in the spinal locomotor network of Xenopus frog tadpoles
Get PDFSimple four-neuron computational models comprising bilateral pairs of excitatory dIN and inhibitory cIN neurons were used to test several hypotheses concerning the role of electrogenic sodium pumps in shaping swimming CPG output in Xenopus tadpoles. The initial model had no sodium pumps and generated continuous swim-like rhythmic activity. In real tadpoles, activity-dependent “dynamic” sodium pumps are proposed to mediate the postswim ultraslow afterhyperpolarization (usAHP) apparent in most cINs that reduces subsequent swim episode durations, producing a form of short-term motor memory (STMM). Dynamic pumps were therefore incorporated into model cINs, which then generated a usAHP causing swimming episodes to self-terminate, and when interswim intervals were varied, the model also replicated STMM. In real tadpoles, no usAHP is normally apparent in dINs, but one can be revealed by pharmacologically blocking the hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih, which is exclusively expressed in dINs. Dynamic pumps and HCN channels mediating Ih were therefore added to the model dINs. If HCN conductance was locked at its resting level, the dINs now showed a substantial pump-generated usAHP, but this was almost completely cancelled when HCN conductance was allowed to respond normally. Complete cancellation could be achieved by including a speculative cAMP-mediated modulation of the HCN activation kinetics. The models thus confirm the plausibility of published hypotheses regarding the generation of the usAHP in cINs, its apparent absence in dINs due to masking by Ih, and its role in mediating STMM. They also suggest the involvement of the usAHP in swim termination and possible regulation by cyclic nucleotides. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The tadpole locomotor network, an important model system in motor control, has been extensively modeled. Dynamic sodium pumps can generate a slow afterhyperpolarization (usAHP) that contributes to swimming. Here, we present novel computer models that incorporate these pumps and replicate both the usAHP and spinal motor memory. We also show that the usAHP can be masked by HCN channels, validating the conclusions of physiological experiments and suggesting new mechanisms of network function.Peer reviewe
Word chain generators for prefix normal words
Get PDFIn 2011, Fici and Lipták introduced prefix normal words. A binary word is prefix normal if it has no factor (substring) that contains more occurrences of the letter 1 than the prefix of the same length. Among the open problems regarding this topic are the enumeration of prefix normal words and efficient testing methods. We show a range of characteristics of prefix normal words. These include properties of factors that are responsible for a word not being prefix normal. With word chains and generators, we introduce new ways of relating words of the same length to each other
Multivariate extreme values for dynamical systems
Get PDFFunding: All authors were partially financed by Portuguese public funds through FCT—Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the framework of the projects PTDC/MAT-PUR/4048/2021, 2022.07167.PTDC and CMUP’s project with reference UIDB/00144/2020.We establish a theory for multivariate extreme value analysis of dynamical systems. Namely, we provide conditions adapted to the dynamical setting which enable the study of dependence between extreme values of the components of ℝd-valued observables evaluated along the orbits of the systems. We study this cross-sectional dependence, which results from the combination of a spatial and a temporal dependence structures. We give several illustrative applications, where concrete systems and dependence sources are introduced and analysed.Peer reviewe
Meaningful matters in the Andean khipu technology
No full textIn this thesis I examine khipus (Andean knotted technology for record keeping) with a focus on their meaningful material nature. With this work I aim to answer two main questions: how do we address the material and knowledge gaps on khipus? How does Andean thought exist or dwell in khipus beyond the information recorded? To answer these questions, I carried this research in multiple locations including European ethnological museums and archives, heritage laboratories, and two villages in the Peruvian Andes (San Andrés de Tupicocha and Chinchero). Different methods were plied together in a coherent multimodal, iterative and adaptive process: morphological study of the artefacts, investigation of their biography through archival research, physico-chemical analysis of their materials and ethnographic fieldwork of the practices associated to khipus in contemporary communities and their materials. I argue that the knowledge-practices that informed the collection, curation and study of khipus in museum bare an imperialist legacy that affects our current possibilities of knowledge production on this textile artifact. Moreover, I argue that the materials used in khipus carry socially constructed meanings that precede and exceed their role within the khipu itself; these meanings, shaped through their involvement in other artifacts and practices, are selectively drawn upon and actualised in the making of the khipu. Finally, this research contributes methodologically to the anthropological study of material culture and fibre technologies by offering a framework that centres multisitedness, multimodality, collaboration, adaptation and iteration not simply as logistical choices, but as epistemological commitments."This work was supported by The Wolfson Foundation. Laboratory analyses have been funded by IPERION-HS as described in the text."--Fundin
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