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Pope’s openers and the almost four-beat Dunciad
Get PDF“A little learning is a dangerous thing”. Though that line is amongst Pope’s best known, and though it is a model example of iambic pentameter, it is also remarkable that, as a line, it only appears to have four strong stresses. We can choose to thump out five strong beats, but in practice we are unlikely to do so. Such lines have been variously theorised—as “balanced pentameters”, as “heroic tetrameters”—but however they are labelled, their effects within the context of verse tend to be under-appreciated. Where they are usually subsumed into the workings of iambic rhythm, such lines, when strategically deployed in large enough numbers, can conspire to throw of the rhythm of whole verses, and even entire poems; a case in point, I argue, is Pope’s four-book Dunciad, which can be heard as carrying a quasi four-beat rhythm. This essay is an attempt to account for that rhythm, and to attend to the relation between line and verse that is implied by the conspiring presence of almost four-beat lines alongside more traditional pentameters.Peer reviewe
Discovery of two warm mini-Neptunes with contrasting densities orbiting the young K3V star TOI-815
Get PDFFunding: M.A. and V.B. have received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project Spice Dune, grant agreement No 947634; grant agreement no. 730890). Co-funded by the European Union (ERC, FIERCE, 101052347). A.C.C. acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. P.M. acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/M001040/1. N.A.W. acknowledges UKSA grant ST/R004838/1.We present the discovery and characterization of two warm mini-Neptunes transiting the K3V star TOI-815 in a K–M binary system. Analysis of its spectra and rotation period reveal the star to be young, with an age of 200−200+400 Myr. TOI-8l5b has a 11.2-day period and a radius of 2.94 ± 0.05 R⊕ with transits observed by TESS, CHEOPS, ASTEP, and LCOGT. The outer planet, TOI-8l5c, has a radius of 2.62 ± 0.10 R⊕, based on observations of three nonconsecutive transits with TESS; targeted CHEOPS photometry and radial velocity follow-up with ESPRESSO were required to confirm the 35-day period. ESPRESSO confirmed the planetary nature of both planets and measured masses of 7.6 ± 1.5 M⊕ (ρP = 1.64−0.31+0.33 g cm−3) and 23.5 ± 2.4 M⊕ (ρP = 7.2−1.0+1.1 g cm−3), respectively. Thus, the planets have very different masses, which is unusual for compact multi-planet systems. Moreover, our statistical analysis of mini-Neptunes orbiting FGK stars suggests that weakly irradiated planets tend to have higher bulk densities compared to those undergoing strong irradiation. This could be ascribed to their cooler atmospheres, which are more compressed and denser. Internal structure modeling of TOI-815b suggests it likely has a H-He atmosphere that constitutes a few percent of the total planet mass, or higher if the planet is assumed to have no water. In contrast, the measured mass and radius of TOI-815c can be explained without invoking any atmosphere, challenging planetary formation theories. Finally, we infer from our measurements that the star is viewed close to pole-on, which implies a spin-orbit misalignment at the 3σ level. This emphasizes the peculiarity of the system’s orbital architecture, and probably hints at an eventful dynamical history.Peer reviewe
Utopian anti-utopianism : rethinking Cold War liberalism through British anarchism
Get PDFIsaiah Berlin’s “Two Concepts of Liberty” lecture was the iconic statement of Cold War liberalism, an expression of all its insights and limitations. It divided critics then and now: was it a stimulating restatement of classical liberalism with revitalising potential for post-war democracy or a conservative retreat from politics that paralysed liberalism as both a social and political force? This article approaches the debate from a side angle. It looks at how the Freedom anarchist group addressed the problems raised by the lecture. Of all ideologies, anarchism most elevated liberty as the highest good. At the same time, it considered itself a social movement for the advance of liberty. As such, the tension highlighted by “Two Concepts”, between the intrinsic value of liberty and the pursuit of liberty, had long preoccupied generations of anarchist thinkers but never more so than after the War, where inherited assumptions about revolution and social change became implausible. Although Berlin identified anarchism with the fullest realisation of positive liberty, the movement was more philosophically diverse than he recognised. The Freedom group’s responses to his dilemma of liberty demonstrates this. At the same time, their efforts to think beyond the impasse and experiment with new forms of political practice – as exemplified by Anarchy, Freedom’s sister publication – outstripped those of the liberals casting fresh light on the limits and possibilities of freedom in a Cold War world.Peer reviewe
Unveiling the forgotten : 3D reconstruction of the Colored Orphan Asylum
Get PDFThe Colored Orphan Asylum, originating in the United States during the early to mid-nineteenth century, holds significant historical importance, not only highlighting the challenges faced by people of color in American society at that time but also serving as a stark reminder of the immense harm inflicted by racial discrimination and conflicts. However, over time, it has gradually faded from the public eye in the course of history. With the continuous advancement of technology, the utilization of digital methods for heritage preservation has become the mainstream approach in contemporary heritage conservation efforts. In this paper, we present a comprehensive exploration into the 3D reconstruction of the Colored Orphan Asylum, employing cutting-edge technology to resurrect its physical presence and cultural significance. Through the meticulous integration of literature research, photogrammetry, and digital modeling, this study has revitalized this forgotten institution, vividly showcasing its architectural splendor and historical backdrop. By digitally reconstructing the orphanage, we aim to transcend the limitations of conventional historical interpretation, enabling scholars and the public alike to engage with its heritage in an immersive manner, thus bringing this piece of history back into the public eye. In unveiling the forgotten, our work underscores the imperative of acknowledging and reckoning with the overlooked corners of our collective past. By harnessing the power of 3D reconstruction, we strive to foster a more inclusive and empathetic understanding of history, one that embraces the stories of all who have shaped our world
The low-lying electronic states of 4H-pyran-4-thione; a photoionization and vacuum ultraviolet absorption study, with interpretation by configuration interaction and density functional calculations for the ionic and singlet states.
Get PDFFunding: Authors acknowledge (a) the ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, for the beam time on the AU-UV beam line in ASTRID2; (b) the MAX IV Laboratory for time on Beamline FinEstBeAMS under in-house proposal Grant No. 20240972; and (c) supercomputing facilities at the University of Edinburgh (Eddie3) and Edinburgh Parallel Computing Center (Cirrus) for support. We thank Kirill Chernenko for assistance in the experiments performed at the FinEstBeAMS beamline. Research conducted at MAX IV, a Swedish national user facility, was supported by the Swedish Research Council under Contract No. 2018-07152, the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems under Contract No. 2018-04969, and Formas under Contract No. 2019-02496. Plotting using Origin 7.0;53 MOs were drawn using GaussView;54 AIM densities were evaluated using AIMQB; and the authors thank T. A. Keith for providing this software.51Two synchrotron-based studies on 4H-pyran-4-thione, photoelectron spectroscopy and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectra were performed. A highly resolved structure was observed in the photoelectron spectrum (PES), in contrast to an earlier PES study, where little structure was observed. The sequence of ionic states was determined using configuration interaction and coupled cluster methods. The vibrational structure of the lowest three PES bands was analyzed by configuration interaction and density functional calculations, providing a detailed explanation of the observed profiles. Several vibrational bands in the VUV absorption spectrum showed a similar structure to the bands in the PES and were identified as Rydberg states.Peer reviewe
GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of polycystic ovary syndrome
Get PDFOne in ten women in their reproductive age suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that, alongside subfertility and hyperandrogenism, typically presents with increased luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility. As such, it is suspected that the arcuate kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons that represent the GnRH pulse generator are dysfunctional in PCOS. We used here in vivo GCaMP fiber photometry and other approaches to examine the behavior of the GnRH pulse generator in two mouse models of PCOS. We began with the peripubertal androgen (PPA) mouse model of PCOS but found that it had a reduction in the frequency of ARNKISS neuron synchronization events (SEs) that drive LH pulses. Examining the prenatal androgen (PNA) model of PCOS, we observed highly variable patterns of pulse generator activity with no significant differences detected in ARNKISS neuron SEs, pulsatile LH secretion, or serum testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations. However, a machine learning approach identified that the ARNKISS neurons of acyclic PNA mice continued to exhibit cyclical patterns of activity similar to that of normal mice. The frequency of ARNKISS neuron SEs was significantly increased in algorithm-identified 'diestrous stage' PNA mice compared to controls. In addition, ARNKISS neurons exhibited reduced feedback suppression to progesterone in PNA mice and their gonadotrophs were also less sensitive to GnRH. These observations demonstrate the importance of understanding GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of PCOS. The existence of cyclical GnRH pulse generator activity in the acyclic PNA mouse indicates the presence of a complex phenotype with deficits at multiple levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.Peer reviewe
Prosocial and punishment behaviors in everyday life
Get PDFFunding: This research was funded by an ERC Consolidator Grant (864519) awarded to Daniel Balliet.Theory and experiments suggest people have different strategies (1) to condition their prosocial behavior in ways that maximize individual benefits and (2) to punish others who have exploited their own and others’ prosocial behaviors. To date, most research testing existing theories has relied on experiments. However, documenting prosocial and punishment behaviors outside of the laboratory via experience sampling and diary methods can yield additional, rich insights. Recent work demonstrates these methods can describe social behaviors in daily life and be used to test theory about how behaviors change across situations and relationships. These methods have exposed discrepancies between what people experience in daily life and the problems researchers want to solve to understand the nature of human prosociality.Peer reviewe
Parochial reciprocity
Get PDFParochial altruism suggests that humans are intrinsically motivated to harm out-groups, and that this is tightly connected to a preference for benefitting their in-group. Yet, there is little evidence for the kind of unconditional out-group harm suggested by this account, nor for the assertion that it would be associated with in-group cooperation. Instead, humans selectively reciprocate actual, but also potential aggression. We therefore posit a model of parochial reciprocity, according to which individuals retaliate against actual and anticipated harms to their in-group. To test predictions arising from these competing accounts, we manipulated out-group threats and elicited preferences for the welfare of in-group and out-group members, as well as beliefs about in-group and out-group members' behaviours in an incentivised intergroup conflict game with natural groups (online sample; N = 973). In this game, individuals could pay to benefit their in-group, but had the option to additionally harm the out-group without incurring any further costs. Individuals who valued their in-group more strongly were no more likely to harm the out-group, thus contradicting parochial altruism. Instead, individuals who expected the out-group to harm their in-group preemptively retaliated the anticipated attack. Importantly, they only did so when the out-group posed an actual threat to the in-group. Taken together, the findings suggest that participation in intergroup conflict is better explained by parochial reciprocity than purely by group-based preferences.Peer reviewe
Revealing the double-edged sword : introducing the Technology and Consumer Well-being Paradox Model
Get PDFWhile discourse on technology and consumer well-being has been at the forefront of academics' and practitioners' agendas, the theoretical understanding of the complex interplay between technology and consumer well-being has remained tenuous. To address this gap in our understanding of technology's influence on consumer well-being, this research provides a comprehensive literature review of recent articles published in Psychology & Marketing. Findings indicate a double-edged sword where technology has the propensity to not only foster a state of negative well-being but can also enhance consumers' well-being. Additionally, a technology well-being paradox is uncovered whereby technology is used to manage the negative effects of technology use. Accordingly, we introduce the Technology and Consumer Well-being Paradox Model that incorporates technology's propensity to enhance, diminish, and manage eudaimonic and hedonic consumer well-being. Furthermore, the influence of the purpose of technology use and changes to consumer well-being over time with technology use are also considered. Finally, we provide pertinent avenues for future research to further understanding on the technology and consumer well-being paradox.Peer reviewe
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