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Experimental evaluation of sequential bias in online customer reviews
No full textExplicit information used in the development of recommender systems includes online customer feed-back. Such explicit input from customers suffers from several types of bias, which directly affect the quality of the resulting recommender system. Recent research has identified sequential bias to be present in online customer reviews. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has confirmed its existence in this context. Given the nature of sequential bias, confirming its existence necessitates a controlled experimental study, which is lacking in extant published literature. We attempt to address this gap. Results from our study show evidence for the existence of sequential bias
Charactrization of a Li-ion battery based stand-alone a-Si photovoltaic system
No full textThe number of photovoltaic (PV) system installations is increasing rapidly. As more people learn about this versatile and often cost-effective power option, this trend will accelerate. This document presents a recommended design for a battery based stand-alone photovoltaic system (BSPV). BSPV system has the ability to be applied in different areas, including warning signals, lighting, refrigeration, communication, residential water pumping, remote sensing, and cathodic protection. The presented calculation method gives a proper idea for a system sizing technique. Based on application load, different scenarios are possible for designing a BSPV system. In this study, a battery based stand-alone system was designed. The electricity generation part is three a-Si panels, which are connected in parallel, and for the storage part LFP (lithium iron phosphate) battery was used. The high power LFP battery packs are 40 cells each 8S5P (configured 8 series 5 parallel). Each individual pack weighs 0.5 kg and is 25.6 V. In order to evaluate the efficiency of a-Si panels with respect to the temperature and the solar irradiation, cities of Istanbul, Ankara and Adana in Turkey were selected. Temperature and solar irradiation were gathered from reliable sources and by using translation equations, current and voltage output of panels were calculated. As a result of these calculations, current and energy outputs were computed by considering an average efficient solar irradiation time value per day in Turkey. The calculated power values were inserted to a battery cycler system, and the behavior of high power LFP batteries in a time sequence of 7.2 h was evaluated. The charging and discharging cycles were obtained and their behavior was discussed. According to the results, Istanbul has the lowest number of peak month's energy, it followed by Ankara, and ultimately Adana has the highest number of peak months and energy storage. It was observed during the tests that values up to 4 A was discharged by battery packages in a full discharge cycle depending on application and required load
NMR protein yapı tabanlı atama programı NVR’ın üçlü rezonans deney verisini kabul edecek şekilde geliştirilmesi
No full textIn NVR which is an NMR protein structure based assignment program, only labeled data has been used until now due to the cost of acquiring labeled data. Besides, in score function of NVR program, manually set parameters have been used for different proteins while calculating assignment probability of atoms. Nowadays, triple resonance experiments are standardized and obtaining labeled data is getting easier. In this work, we incorporated labeled data into NVR program. At the same time, by using new statistical value
The social and spatial impacts of large expropriation projects in rural areas : the case of the Malatya Çat Dam
No full textThe displacement and evictions stemming from large infrastructure public works constitute the most troublesome social aspects of public development projects. This study aims to discuss the social and the spatial impacts of large expropriations undertaken in the context of Malatya Çat Dam Project. The study is focused on the social outcome of displacement and resettlement. Subsequent to an overview on the previous experiences of displacement and new settlement following dam construction projects, the first section concentrates on the models of evaluation put forth by Cernea and Scudder. The second section presents an overview on expropriation, displacement and re-settlement and presents a detailed story of the resettlement in the last 15 years after the construction of the Çat Dam in Malatya.
Impoverishment risks incurred through displacement associated with development projects (i.e. dam constructions) are generally severely criticized. However, the field surveys suggest a well-planned resettlement process could contribute to the welfare of the displaced, when such a process is well planned and duly carried out. The displacement phase following the construction of the Çat Dam is shown to be an opportunity for the local people. Most of the interviewees were satisfied with the resettlement and had access to better quality public services such as health care, education, and transportation. Hence most of the participants acknowledged an improvement in their standard of living and the future and education of their children.ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ v
ÖZ ............................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ viii
CHAPTER 1.Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Sampling ...................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Research questions ....................................................................................... 4
1.3. Methodology ................................................................................................ 5
1.3.1. Population and Population Groups............................................................. 7
1.3.2. Field Study ................................................................................................. 8
1.3.3. Limitations of the Research ....................................................................... 9
1.4. Literature Review and Secondary Data...................................................... 10
1.4.1. Dam Projects around the World ............................................................... 12
1.4.2. Some Examples of Dam Projects in Turkey ............................................ 15
2. Internal Displacement and Dam Induced Displacement .................................. 18
2.1. The Difference between Development-Induced Displacement and Other Categories of Displacement ................................................................................... 19
2.2. Some General Problems of the Resettlement Process .................................... 20
2.3. Dam Induced Displacement and Resettlement Examples around the World . 26
2.4. Dam-Induced Displacement Experiences in Turkey....................................... 30
3. Expropriation and Displacement Process in the Case of the Malatya Çat Dam .................................................................................................................................... 37
3.1. A General Overview of the Previous Socio-Economic States of the39Villages Expropriated Due To Dam Construction ............................................................... 39
3.1.1. Environmental Structure of Çelikhan....................................................... 39
3.1.2. Economic Structure .................................................................................. 40
3.1.3. Social and Cultural Structure ................................................................... 42
3.2. Displacement due to the Çat Dam: Expropriation and Resettlement Processes ............................................................................................................ 45
3.2.1. Expropriation Processes ........................................................................... 45
3.2.2. The Resettlement Processes ..................................................................... 48
3.2.3. Expropriations and Problems Arising From Distribution of Compensation ............................................................................................................................ 50
3.2.4. Some Problems Regarding the Compensation Issue:............................... 51
4. Research Findings ................................................................................................ 55
4.1. Background Information on Malatya .............................................................. 55
4.2. Tohma Village:............................................................................................... 59
4.2.1. General Information ................................................................................. 59
4.2.2. Economic Conditions ............................................................................... 62
4.2.3. Education.................................................................................................. 64
4.2.4. Family Structure ....................................................................................... 65
4.2.5. Social Life ................................................................................................ 67
4.2.6. Living Conditions .................................................................................... 69
4.2.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 71
4.3. Sütlüce Village ................................................................................................ 73
4.3.1. General Information ................................................................................. 73
4.3.2. Economic Structure .................................................................................. 76
4.3.3. Education.................................................................................................. 78
4.3.4. Family Structure ....................................................................................... 79
4.3.5. Social Life ................................................................................................ 81
4.3.6. Living Conditions .................................................................................... 83
4.3.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 84
4.4. Tecde and Gedik Neighborhoods .................................................................... 85
4.4.1. General Information ................................................................................. 85
4.4.2. Economic Structure .................................................................................. 88
4.4.3. Education.................................................................................................. 90
4.4.4. Family Structure ....................................................................................... 92
4.4.5. Social Life ................................................................................................ 93
4.4.6. Living Conditions .................................................................................... 95
4.4.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 96
5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 99
5.1. The Evaluation of the Findings Through Research Questions...................... 102
5.1.1. Failures of Resettlement ......................................................................... 103
5.1.2. Successes of Resettlement...................................................................... 103
5.1.3. How did the Displaced Use their Compensations? ................................ 107
5.1.4. Did Women Take a Fair Share of the Compensation? ........................... 107
5.1.5. Compensations were Allocated on a Household Basis. Were There any Problems in the Distribution of Compensations?............................................. 108
Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 11
Fabrication of micro-scale porous surfaces for Mg-based implants
No full textIn this study, Mg-based biomedical implant plates with controlled porosity and micro-textured surface were designed and manufactured. AZ91 Mg powders of different size distribution were compacted under compaction pressures of 150 and 200 MPa and compaction temperatures of 100 and 150°C. Compacted green plates were then sintered at 380 and 420°C for 40, 60, 120 and 150 minutes. Different aging schemes were also tested, such as aging temperatures of 100 and 200°C and aging time of 60 and 120 minutes. The main interest was to determine an optimum pressure, temperature and time to produce Mg implant plates with necessary levels of porosity and strength. The feasibility study results showed that compaction load has a significant effect on the achievable porosity. Porosity of plates decreases with increasing the compaction pressure. In compaction stage, suggested temperature must be higher than 100°C to ensure strong bonding among Mg powders. In addition, the inert environment is necessary to prevent oxidation during heat treatment. Finally, there is no significant difference between micro-hardness values after sintering in temperatures below eutectic temperature
Mapping a neoliberal transition the case of Sulukule
No full textThis thesis aims to fundamentally cover the subject of the process of localizing
neoliberalism through examining one of the state's neoliberal policies, the urban
transformations projects, as well as the volunteer work undertaken by
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) towards this. By focusing on a Roma district
which lies beyond the borders of society, this study examines the urban
transformation projects carried out as a result of these neoliberal policies and the
reasoning behind them. This study points out NGOs and their activities, the result of
these urban transformation projects and the resulting web of power relations, as the
main underlying problem. The tendency of the state and volunteers to try to
normalize the Roma, under the banner of “empowerment”, is read as a localization of
neoliberalism.
Keywords: Urban Transformation, Volunteerism, Civil Society, Neoliberalism,
Romani StudiesAbstract……………………………………………………………………. v
Öz ...……………………………………………………………………….. vi
Dedication ..…………………………………………………………………. vi Acknowledgements / Preface .………………………………………………. vii
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………............ x
1. Introduction .………………………………………………………… 1
2. Neoliberalism and Neoliberal Urbanism …………………………… 9
2.1.Neoliberalism …………………………………………………… 11
2.1.1 Neoliberalism as an Economic Program ……………………… 11
2.1.2. Neoliberalism as a Governmental Rationality ……………....... 17
2.1.3 Is it possible to Think in an Alternative Way? ……………....... 20
2.2.Neoliberal Urbanism …..………………………………………... 21
2.2.1. Legal Arrangements………………………………………....... 24
2.2.2.Public- Private Partnerships ………………………………....... 29
2.2.3. Gentrification of the Urban Land …………………………….. 34
2.2.4 The Discourse of Urgency ……………………………….......... 38
3. The Unequal Encounters Between Sulukulelians and the State.......... 44
3.1.Sulukule before Gentrification: History of Poverty and Solidarity 45
3.2. Gentrification of Sulukule …….…………………………........... 53
3.2.1. Towards Destructions ..………………………………………. 59
3.2.2. Sulukule Turns into Rent Field…...………………………...... 61
3.2.3. The New Owners of Sulukule ….……………………………. 66
3.2.4. Taşoluk, a Normalizing Project…..….……………………….. 68
3.2.5. European Parliament ….…………………………………....... 73
3.2.6. At the Human Rights Commission of the National Assembly of Turkish Republic.…………………………….………………....... 74
3.2.7. After the Decision of the Commission .………………………. 76
3.3.The Latest Situation of Sulukule ..………………………………. 79
4. The Unequal Encounters Between Sulukulelians and the Volunteers 81
4.1.Redressive Stage of Sulukule …..………..……………………… 83
4.2.Power, Discourse, and NGOs …..….……………………………. 86
4.2.1 Discursive Formations of NGOs in Sulukule …..……………... 88
4.2.2 The Dual Construction of the Capable Citizen Volunteers and Needy People of Sulukule……...……….............. 90
4.2.3 Conscious Volunteers vs. Unconscious Sulukulelians………… 93
4.2.4 Conscientious Volunteers ………………..……………………. 96
4.2.5 Kindhearted Volunteers ………..…………………………........ 101
4.3. New Intervention Areas ..……………………………………….. 102
4.4.Empowerment …...……………………………………………… 104
4.4.1 Empowerment as a Depoliticizing Strategy ….……………….. 110
4.4.2 Civil Society, Non- Governmental Organizations, Democratization………………………………………………….. 115
5. NGOs Between Two Worlds, Locals and Internationals ……...…….. 125
5.1.Sulukule Volunteers Association ….……..…………………….. 125
5.1.1 The Discourse of Blaming ………..………………….............. 128
5.1.2 The Educative Activities and Programs of SVA ..……………. 132
5.2.ROMFO – Turkey Roman Rights Forum …..…….…………….. 134
5.2.1 Grant System: Making of the Anti-politics ….……………….. 144
5.2.2 The Fights against Early Marriage ….……………………....... 146
5.2.3 Training Programs …..……………………………………....... 149
6. Conclusion..…………………...……………………………………… 153
Bibliography ……..………………………………………………………….. 15
Characterization of a li-ion battery based stand-alone a-si photovoltaic system
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.The number of photovoltaic (PV) system installations is increasing rapidly. As more
people learn about this versatile and often cost-effective power option, this trend will
accelerate. This document presents a recommended design for a battery based stand-
alone photovoltaic system (BSPV). BSPV system has the ability to have application in
different areas. These include warning signals, lighting, refrigeration, communication,
residential water pumping, remote sensing, and cathodic protection. The presented cal-
culation method gives a proper idea for a system sizing technique. Based on application
load, different scenarios are possible for designing a BSPV system. In this study a bat-
tery based stand-alone system was designed. For the electricity generation part, A high
efficiency silicon solar cells with a hetro-junction microcrystalline intrinsic thin layer
was investigated. However, lack of availabilty of this type of panel made us to choose
amorphous silicon panels. The electricity generation part is three a-Si panels, which are
connected in parallel, and for the storage part LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) battery
was used. The high power LFP battery packs are 40 cells each 8S5P (configured 8 series
5 parallel). Each individual pack weighs 0.5 kg and is 25.6V. In order to evaluate the
efficiency of a-Si panels with respect to the temperature and the solar irradiation, cities
of Istanbul, Ankara and Adana in Turkey were selected. Temperature and solar irra-
diation were gathered from reliable sources and by using translation equations current
and voltage output of panels were calculated. As a result of these calculations, current
and energy outputs were camputed by considering an average efficient solar irradiation
time value per day in Turkey. The calculated power values were inserted to a battery
cycler system, and the behavior of high power LFP batteries in a time sequence of 7.2h
was evaluated. The charging and discharging cycles were obtained and their behavior
was discussed. According to the results, Istanbul has the lowest number of peak month’s
energy, it followed by Ankara, and ultimately Adana has the highest number of peak
months and energy storage. It was observed during the tests that, values up to 4 A was
discharged by battery packages in a full discharge cycle depending on application and
required load. This amount can be different depending on application and required load.
Keywords: Photovoltaics, Amourphous Silicon, Li-ion BatteryContents
Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iv
Öz v
Acknowledgments vii
List of Figures x
List of Tables xii
Abbreviations xiii
Physical Constants xv
Symbols xvi
1 Introduction
1 1.1 Background of Photovoltaics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 1.1.1 Physical Theory of PV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 1.2 History of Photovoltaics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 1.3 Amorphous Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 1.4 Types of Lithium-ion Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6 Battery Based Stand-alone PV Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 Rationale for Study 13
2.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Justification of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.1 The application of BSPV in the world and Turkey . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Goal and Scope of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 Theory and Calculations 18 3.1 High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells with a Hetero-junction Microcrystalline
Intrinsic Thin Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.1 Optimization of Emitter Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.2 Optimization of the Intrinsic Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.3 The Influence of TCO on the Effeciency of the Solar Cell . . . . . . 21
3.1.4 The Effect of Defects in c-Si(p) Layer on the Efficiency . . . . . . . 22
3.1.5 The Effect of a-Si(p+) BSF Doping Concentration on the Device Efficiency . . . . . . 23
3.1.6 The Effect of BSF Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1.7 The Effect of Temperature on the Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 Applied Silicon Solar Cell Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 Solar Irradiation Data of Istanbul, Adana, and Ankara . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.4 The Formulas for Theoretical PV Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.5 Li Iron Phosphate Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.6 Battery Cycler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.6.1 Universal Battery Tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4 Results and Discussion 39
4.1 PV Calculation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.2 System Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.4 A-Si Panel Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.5 LiFePO4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5 Conclusion 53
5.1 Future Research and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Bibliograph
[Alman Çeşmesi]
No full textTaha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 6-Sultanahmetİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) Istanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033
AKP at the crossroads:Erdoǧan's majoritarian drift
No full textThe cleavage between the secular centre and the religious-conservative periphery has been the most important dividing line in modern Turkish politics. In the past, centre-right parties have successfully appealed to the peripheral majority, emerging as victors in almost all parliamentary elections since 1950. This trend continues with the Justice and Development Party (AKP). In power since 2002, winner of three consecutive elections with increasing majorities, the AKP qualifies as a predominant party. The article focuses on the AKP's recent drift towards an excessively majoritarian conception of democracy, or even an electoral authoritarianism of a more markedly Islamic character. Topics discussed include the Gezi Park events in May–June 2013, the conflict with the Gülen movement, corruption charges against government ministers, recent legislation weakening judicial independence and restricting freedom of expression, and the 30 March 2014 local elections
Silicon-on-sapphire waveguides design for mid-IR evanescent field absorption gas sensors
No full textMajor trace gases have absorption lines in mid-IR. We propose silicon-on-sapphire waveguides at mid-IR for gas sensing based on evanescent field absorption. This can provide a general platform for multipurpose sensing of different types of gases in a reusable fashion. Three types of waveguides (strip, rib and slot) are investigated on their geometrical dependence of evanescent-field ratio (EFR) and propagation loss to serve as the proposed gas sensor. Slot waveguide provides the highest EFR (>25%) in mid-IR with moderate dimension, but its fabrication can be more challenging and its high loss (~10 dB/cm) impairs the sensing resolution and necessitates higher input power in longer waveguides. Strip and rib waveguides can achieve similar EFR with smaller dimensions. We analyze the detection of CO2 in atmosphere based on its mid-IR absorption peak at ~4.23 µm as a case study. Numerical analysis based on up-to-date commercial mid-IR detector parameters shows that a resolution of 2 ppm, 5 ppm and 50 ppm can be achieved in cooled InSb, room-temperature HgCdTe and room-temperature PbSe detectors respectively by using 1 cm waveguides. Effect of waveguide loss also has been investigated