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Ultra low power, low noise and fully integrated receiver for short range wireless communications
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.The use of electronic circuitry has increased in the recent years in many aspect of life especially in medical applications. This is due to their precise and fast results in analyzing fatal diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, which need a real time observation. The need for a real time observation raises the challenge to find a solution, which should be power efficient, high sensitive, low noise, and small enough to be attached to or injected into user body. The solution simply contains two main devices. First, the sensors network which collects data and information from the user body. The second device is the transceiver, which sends this data to an external unit for analysis and diagnoses. This work cycle repeats itself millions of times per second, which causes a high power consumption. Therefore, a power optimized system is needed to sustain a long lasting operation.
This work introduces an ultra low power, low noise, and fully integrated receiver designated for short range communication systems. The system uses MOSFET weak inversion region of operation in order to decrease the supply voltage and hence, the total power consumption. In addition, the system uses an on-chip matching network for area optimization. This system consists of three main blocks: Radio frequency low noise amplifier (RFLNA), mixer, and baseband amplifier. This system manages to achieve a gain of 45.85 dB while consuming 1023 µA from 0.7 supply voltage, a single side band noise figure (SSBNF) of 8.4 dB single side band noise figure (SSBNF), and a third order interception point (IIP3) of -37.7 dBm. The system is designed using UMC 65 nm CMOS technology.Declaration of Authorship ii
Abstract iii
Öz iv
Acknowledgments vi
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Abbreviations xii
1 Motivation 1 1.1
Thesis Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Thesis Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Introduction 3
2.1 Low Power Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Low Power Radios Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1.1 Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1.2 ZigBee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1.3 WBANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Receiver Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2.1 Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1.1 Heterodyne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1.2 Homodyne/Direct Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1.3 Low IF Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.2 Basic Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.2.1 Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.2.1.1 Resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.2.1.2 MOSFETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.2.1.3 Capacitors and Inductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.2.1.4 Noise Factor (F) and Noise Figure (NF) . . . . . 10
2.2.2.1.5 Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2.1.6 Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2.2 Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2.2.1 1 dB Compression Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.2.2.2 Third Order Interception Point . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.2.2.3 Second Order Interception Point . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2.3 MOSFET in Weak Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.2.3.1 Drain Current In Weak Inversion . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.2.3.2 Transconductance in Weak Inversion . . . . . . . 17
2.2.2.3.3 Transition Frequency in Weak Inversion . . . . . 18
2.2.2.3.4 Noise Analysis in Weak Inversion . . . . . . . . . 19
3 Introduction to Ultra Low Power Low Noise Receiver Design 21
3.1 LNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.1 Mixer Noise Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.2 Mixer Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.2.1 Passive Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2.2.2 Active Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4 Ultra Low Power Receiver Design 33
4.1 LNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2 Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.2.1 Mixer Pre-driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.2.2 Mixer Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3 Baseband Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5 Conclusion and Future Work 46
5.1 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Bibliography 4
Umutlu bekleyiş
No full textUnutma İstanbul projesinin bir parçası olarak İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi ile Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu (TURİNG) işbirliği kapsamında Sümeyye Koyunbakan tarafından çekilmiştir.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010
Performance evaluation of filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) in the presence of nonlinear power amplifier
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been a reliable modulation technique in 4G due to its ability to combat the intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath channel and its efficient usage of spectrum due to orthogonality properties. However, OFDM as is faces challenges when it comes to supporting 5G applications requirements due to its high peak to average ratio (PAPR) and inability to provide asynchronous transmission. Therefore, filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM), which is the modified version of OFDM that separates the total assigned bandwidth into many sub-bands and then filtering each sub-band with an appropriate designed filter, was proposed in recent years. Many studies have been focusing on the performance of a F-OFDM system alone without taking the effect of power amplifier (PA) into account in the system. Therefore, in this thesis, we evaluate the performance of point-to-point F-OFDM system in the presence of nonlinear PA and also employ techniques used in OFDM system to reduce the effect of the PA. In this regard, we first simulate a basic F-OFDM system without a PA by using filters obtained from different filtering methods such as window based filter and Parks-McClellan filter. Specifically, the performance analysis is done in terms of power spectral density (PSD) and bit error rate (BER). Secondly, the performance of F-OFDM system with a nonlinear PA is analyzed, and it is observed that the out-ofband (OOB) emission is increased as expected. Hence, pre-distortion is also included in the system to linearize the response of the PA. From the simulation results, it is seen that OOB spectrum regrowth due to the PA is suppressed fully, yet it does not reach to the original OOB emission level. Lastly, a modified version of optimized iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) is introduced to optimize the high PAPR of the f-OFDM signal. With the optimized ICF method, the PAPR is greatly reduced, resulting in lower OOB emission. With the combination of optimized ICF and pre-distortion, the overall performance of F-OFDM system in the presence of nonlinear PA is improved compared to the system without a pre-distorter.Abstract iv
Öz v
Acknowledgments vii
List of Figures x Abbreviations xii
1 Introduction and Motivation 1
1.1 Evolution of Wireless Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 F-OFDM as a waveform Candidate for 5G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Literature Review 9
2.1 Literature Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Thesis Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 Performance Analysis of F-OFDM using Parks-McClellan Filter 16
3.1 F-OFDM Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.1 Conventional OFDM Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.2 F-OFDM Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2 Filter Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.1 Window-based FIR Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.2 Parks-McClellan FIR Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 Simulation and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4 F-OFDM system with Pre-Distorter 37
4.1 Effect of HPA on F-OFDM signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2 Implementing Digital Pre-Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2.1 Indirect Learning Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2.2 Coefficient Estimation of Memory Polynomial (MP) Pre-Distorter . 43
4.2.3 Normalization Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.3 Simulation and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5 F-OFDM system with Optimized ICF and Pre-Distorter 50
5.1 F-OFDM System with the Optimized ICF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.1.1 Conventional Iterative Clipping and Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.1.2 Optimized Iterative Clipping and Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.2 Simulation and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.2.1 F-OFDM System with the modified Optimized ICF . . . . . . . . . 53
5.2.2 F-OFDM System with both the Pre-Distorter and the Optimized ICF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6 Conclusion 62
6.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Bibliography 6
Water and carbon footprints of Turkish energy development plans until 2030
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Effects of renewable and non-renewable energy on Water resources are mostly overlooked even though substantial consideration about the impacts of energy sources are given on carbon footprint reduction and energy security aspects. In this thesis, a framework for water and carbon footprint analysis is developed as an attempt to estimate the current and future trends of water consumption and withdrawal along with carbon emissions by electricity production scenarios, considering the national energy development plans. Furthermore, this research work also produced a decision support tool to determine water consumption, water withdrawal and carbon emissions based on the three different scenarios, keeping in view the overall energy mix under each scenario. Scenarios developed are Business-As-Usual (BAU), Official Governmental Plan (OGP), and Renewable Energy-Focused Development Plan (REFDP) and Turkish electric power industry is selected as a case study in this thesis. Results show that large amount of water is used by sources of electricity such as hydro-electricity and biomass, which are considered more environmental friendly as well as renewable forms of energy. By year 2030, average water consumption under OGP scenario is likely to be around 8.1% and 9.6% less than that of BAU and REFDP scenario. Meanwhile, average water withdrawal by the energy mix in year 2030 of REFDP is estimated to be around 46.3% and 16.9% less than that of BAU and OGP scenario. Likewise, carbon emissions by year 2030 based on the BAU scenario are anticipated to be 24% higher than OGP and 39% higher than REFDP scenario. Through a correlation analysis, we found out that carbon emissions and water usage are strongly correlated in BAU in comparison with OGP and REFDP, therefore we can conclude that carbon friendly energy sources will result in less water consumptions and withdrawals â especially under REFDP scenario.Abstract iv
Öz v
Acknowledgments vii
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Abbreviations xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Methodology 5
2.1 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1 Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.2 Water Consumption, Withdrawal and GHG Emission Factors . . . 9
2.3 Energy-based Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 Scenario Analysis and Scenario Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.1 Scenario 1 (BAU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.2 Scenario 2 (Official Governmental Plan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.3 Scenario 3 (Renewable Energy Focused Development Plan) . . . . 24
3 Results Discussion 26
3.1 Results Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2 Comparison of water footprint scenario results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Comparison of carbon emission scenario results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.4 Water versus Carbon Footprints of Electricity Production Scenarios . . . . 32
4 Conclusions and Future Work 34
A Supporting Information File 36
Bibliography 4
“Disciplining” Turkish people through the people’s houses : a discursive reading of the Ülkü Magazine (1933-1950)
Get PDFThis study examines the Ülkü (the Ideal) magazine, which was the main publication of the People's Houses (1932-1951) in Turkey, by conducting a discourse analysis through a Foucauldian perspective. By drawing on his concepts of 'disciplinary power', 'biopower', and 'governmentality', the study argues that, the People's Houses were designed by the republican policy makers not only to spread the Kemalist ideology, but also to increase the state's control over the population through disciplinary and regulatory policies and techniques. First, I summarize the historical process and developments leading to the establishment of the People's Houses in some detail. Then, I conduct an extended literature review by discussing the shortcomings of the mainstream approach and underlying the important contributions of the critical studies on these institutions. Third, I introduce my research hypothesis in light of the three theoretical concepts above. I argue that the activities of the People's Houses were designed by the policy makers to improve physical capabilities of individuals, to render the population healthier and to accelerate its growth; to increase its economic productivity; and to transform ordinary people into modern republican citizens that the new regime envisaged by shaping their lifestyles, habits, beliefs, and aesthetic tastes through 'conduct of conduct'. Lastly, I concentrate on numerous writings and speeches by prominent republican intellectuals and policy makers that were published in the Ülkü magazine, the main publication of the People's Houses. By zeroing in on the ideas and policy designs of the republican policy makers and intellectuals about physical education, the issue of population, political economy, and folk education; I intend to demonstrate that modern governmental rationality was an integral part of their mindset, and that the ultimate objective of the People's Houses project extended well beyond mere 'ideological indoctrination' or 'control over minds'ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................iv ÖZ.................................................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... xii INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1
CHAPTERS 1. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................... 9
1.1. Behind the Official Story: Political and Economic Developments (1923-1931)
............................................................................................................................... 12
1.2. The Dissolution of the Turkish Hearths and the Establishment of the People’s Houses ................................................................................................................... 24
1.3. The Organizational Structure of the People’s Houses.................................... 28
1.3.1. Language, Literature, and History Branch ............................................. 29
1.3.2. Fine Arts Branch ..................................................................................... 29
1.3.3. Theatre Branch........................................................................................ 30
1.3.4. Sports Branch.......................................................................................... 30
1.3.5. Social Assistance Branch........................................................................ 30
1.3.6. Educational Courses Branch ................................................................... 31
1.3.7. Library and Publication Branch .............................................................. 31
1.3.8. Village Studies Branch ........................................................................... 31
1.3.9. Museum and Exhibition Branch ............................................................. 32
1.4. The Closure of the People’s Houses............................................................... 32
2. THE LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................. 35
2.1. The Mainstream Approach ............................................................................. 35
2.2. The Critical Approach .................................................................................... 52
3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS ....... 65
3.1. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................. 65
3.1.1. Disciplinary Power ................................................................................. 66
3.1.2. Biopower................................................................................................. 69
3.1.3. Governmentality ..................................................................................... 71
3.2. Research Hypothesis ...................................................................................... 75
4. THE ÜLKÜ MAGAZINE...................................................................................... 83
4.1. Methodology................................................................................................... 85
4.2. Physical Education: Not Individual Champions but Robust Masses ............. 86
4.3. The Issue of Population ................................................................................ 107
4.4. Economic Productivity ................................................................................. 129
4.5. The Village Question and Folk Education: Disciplining Souls and Shaping Tastes ................................................................................................................... 149 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 172
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 175 APPENDICES.......................................................................................................... 182
A. A Table For Recording House Members And Activities ............................... 182
B. The List of Conferences at the Beyoğlu House (1937-8) ............................... 183
C. The Minimum Compulsory Annual Activity Program of the People’s Houses
............................................................................................................................. 185
D. Village Survey ................................................................................................ 186
E. The Youth Football Team of the Yukarı Beyçayırı House (1938) ................. 189
F. Photographs From the First Amateur Photo and Picture Exhibition of the Ankara House (1940) ....................................................................................................... 19
The production of refugee subjectivities in the state discourse : the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey
Get PDFThis study investigates how the subjectivities of Syrian refugees are produced in the state discourse. The mass wave of Syrian immigration starting from 2011 constitutes a milestone in the migration history of Turkey. This migration movement has two distinguishing characteristics: it is the largest mass migration Turkey has experienced in terms of the number of refugees and it has an acceptance policy of a religion-based discourse of philanthropy. However, the lack of structural regulations in the immigration policy concerning the refugees persists the historical trend observed in the past examples. In this respect, the positioning of each particular migration wave and the production of the refugee subjectivities in the state discourse present a worthwhile area of study.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv
Öz ................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... viii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ ix
CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................... 6
2.1. Refugees and Nation-States .............................................................................. 6
2.2. Hospitality and Construction of Self and Other ................................................ 8
2.3. Gift, Giving, and Economy of Exchange .......................................................... 11
2.4. Governmentality, Sovereignty, and Refugees ................................................ 14
3. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TURKISH MIGRATION POLICY ....................... 20
3.1. Policies toward Asylum in the Early Republican Period .................................. 20
3.2. Mass Refugee Flows towards Turkey .............................................................. 25
3.3. Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees ................................. 29
3.4. The 1994 Asylum Regulation........................................................................... 30
3.5. The Changing Character of Turkish Asylum and Immigration Policy after the 2000s ...................................................................................................................... 31
3.6. The Mass Influx of Syrian Refugees to Turkey ................................................ 33
4. THE SYRIAN REFUGEES IN THE STATE DISCOURSE ................................................. 37
4.1. Religious Discourse on the Production of Refugee Subjectivity ..................... 39
4.2. Historical Discourse on the Production of the Refugee Subjectivity .............. 45
4.3. Pragmatic Discourse on the Production of Refugee Subjectivity ................... 51
4.4. The Discourse of Citizenship as the Game-changer ........................................ 55
5. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 59
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 6
Carl Schmitt’in siyaset ve hukuk kuramında otonomi tezi
No full textTezin basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Alman hukukçu ve siyaset felsefecisi Carl Schmitt’in siyaset felsefesinden yola çıkarak oluşturduğum bu çalışmada onun hukukun otonomisine karşı siyasetin otonomisini savunduğu tezine karşı çıktım. 20. yüzyılın başlarında sosyal bilimlerin, fen bilimlerinin kesinliğine yaklaşabileceği düşüncesi özellikle ekonomi kuramına hakim paradigma idi. Ekonomi kendine has diğer sosyal olgulardan bağımsız kuralları olan kendinden menkul bir bilim sahası olarak görülmeye başlanmıştı. Sosyal gerçekliği (hukuk, siyaset, ahlak, ekonomi vb.) kategorik düşünme biçimi ile ele alan otonomi tezleri yalnızca ekonomi kuramı ile sınırlı kalmamıştı. Kelsen hukuk kuramında ‘olan’ ve ‘olması gereken’ arasında kesin bir ayrım yaparak hukuku sosyal gerçeklikten bağımsız bir bilim sahası haline getirmeye çalışıyordu. Schmitt, kendi çağına hâkim bu paradigmayı hem eleştirmiş hem de siyaset kuramı alanında kendi düşüncelerine zemin oluşturmak için kullanmıştır. Bunu yaparken Schmitt literatüründa savunulan genel görüşün aksine hukukun otonomisini külliyen reddetmemiştir. Schmitt, özellikle siyasetin otonomisini savunsa da hukukun otonomisine dair çok farklı bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Onun çok az değinilen hukuk kuramını, hukuk sahasının otonomisine ve kendine has özelliklerini nasıl sosyal gerçeklikte gösterebileceğine dair fikirler içermektedir. Üzerinde az yoğunlaşılan, normativizmin karşısına ‘kararcılığı’ koyan hukuk kuramı ile Schmitt, bize özellikle hukukun ontolojik otonomisini nasıl sağlayabileceğimizi gösterir. Hukuk, istisna ile olağanlık arasında karar verebilen bir egemenin varlığıyla ancak sosyal gerçeklikte varlık alanı bulabilir. Bu analiz, hukuk ve siyaset krizlerini neredeyse her on yılda bir yaşayan Türkiye’nin, hukukla olan sorununa da çözüm sunabilecek sonuçlar verebilir.ÖZ ............................................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v
TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................ vi
İÇİNDEKİLER .......................................................................................................... vii
GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................... 1
BÖLÜMLER 1. SİYASAL KAVRAMI YA DA DOST-DÜŞMAN AYRIMI ................................. 8
1.1. Otonomi Savı Üzerine Literatür Karmaşası .................................................... 18
1.2. Siyasal (politik-olan) Kavramının Yorumu: Yoğunlaşma Derecesi ............... 22
1.3. Genel olarak Otonomi Savlarının Anlamı ....................................................... 29
1.4. 20. Yüzyıl Entelektüel Konjonktürü ve Schmitt’in Otonomi Tezi.................. 32
1.5 Yaşam Alanları Perspektifi .............................................................................. 37
1.6. Hukuk ve Siyasetin Teorik Sınırı: Dost Düşman Ölçütünün Doğuşu ............. 48
2. HUKUK ve SİYASET ALANLARININ KESİŞİM KÜMESİ: DEVLET AYGITI .................................................................................................................................... 58
2.1. Bir Hukukçu Olarak Schmitt’in Hukuk Kuramının Unsurları ........................ 58
2.1.1. Maddi ve Şekli (Prosedüral) Hukuk ......................................................... 59
2.1.2. Hukuk Biliminde Olan, Olması-gereken ve Olağanlık ............................. 61
2.2. Bir Devlet Kuramcısı olarak Schmitt: Mekanizmaya Karşı Organizma ......... 63
2.3. Anayasada Devletin Dört Görünümü: Hukuk Alanının Genişliği .................. 70
2.3.1. Olağan Yasama Prosedürü: Parlamentarizmin Hukuki Eleştirisi ............. 79
2.3.2. Olağan Yasa Koyucu Olarak Parlamenter Mekanizma ............................ 80
2.3.3. Olağandışı Yasa Koyucu Kavramı ........................................................... 83
2.3.4. Olağandışı Yasa Koyucular: Hukuk ve Siyaset Alanlarının Sınırını Belirleyenler........................................................................................................ 85
2.3.4.1. Ratione Materiae: Anayasal Değişikliklerde Nitelikli Çoğunluk Ne İçin Vardır? .................................................................................................... 85
2.3.4.2. Ratione Supremitatis: Halk Anayasal Sistemde Gerçekte Nerededir? ........................................................................................................................ 89
2.3.4.3. Ratione Necessitatis: Diktatör Ne Yapar, Egemen Kimdir? ............. 94
3. NORMUN OTONOMİSİNE KARŞI KARARIN OTONOMİSİ........................ 100
3.1. Hukuk ve Siyasetin Kavramsal Sınırı: İstisna ............................................... 103
3.2. Hukuk, Doğal Hukuk Zemininde Otonom Olabilir mi? ................................ 109
3.3. Otonomi Karmaşası: Anayasanın Koruyucusu ............................................. 114
SONUÇ .................................................................................................................... 123
KAYNAKÇA ........................................................................................................... 12
Political agency of news outlets in a polarized media system:framing the corruption probe in Turkey
Get PDFThis article aims to determine the stances of media outlets during crises in a polarized media system such as Turkey. Adopting a content analysis methodology, this article analyses the framing strategies of three national newspapers affiliated with certain sociopolitical camps (namely, the pro-government Sabah, the anti-government Kemalist Sözcü and the pro-Gülen Zaman) to observe possible similarities/differences during the critical 17 December corruption probe. The findings not only confirm earlier studies on ‘press-party’ parallelism but also reveal ‘press-sociopolitical camp parallelism’ in Turkey’s polarized media system
Performance of Ni-alloy MEMS-probes coated with PdCo films in semiconductor wafer test
No full textA novel electroplating system and approach for selectively coating of probe tips for wafer and package testing are presented. A Ni-alloy probe tip with an overcoat layer of 3.5um thick PdCo provided less tip wear and better electrical contact resistance performance in wafer testing. Microstructures of films resulting from different conditions of electroplating process were analyzed, most uniform films were obtained at 5 mA of plating current conditions. The probe tip wear throughout probe life testing was monitored which indicates PdCo film with Au underlayer establishes good electrical contacts
Kleptografi:kriptografik sistemlerde arka kapılar
No full textTezin basılısı, İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.Kriptogra k bir sistemden, gizli bilgileri farkedilmeden ve sadece algoritmik de§i³iklerle çalabilme çal ³malar olarak özetleyebilece§imiz Kleptogra alt disiplinini inceledi§imiz bu çal ³mada, kleptogra k atak senaryolar n , ilgili algoritmalar ve bu algoritmalar n, atak bar nd rmayan standart algoritmalar n gerçeklenmesi ile olu³an sonuçlar n kar³ la³t rmal analizleri ele al nacakt r.
RSA ³ifreleme sistemi, Di e-Hellman anahtar de§i³imi, ElGamal ³ifreleme, DSA dijital imza ve SSL/TLS protokolüne kar³ , çe³itli ara³t rmac lar n 90'lardan günümüze kadar sunduklar ataklar ve ilgili di§er çal ³malar tez kapsam nda incelenecektir.Öz iii
Te³ekkür iv
ekil Listesi vii
Tablo Listesi viii
1 Giri³ 1 1.1 Kleptogra Çal ³malar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Atak Senaryosu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Kleptogra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Kleptogra k Bir Ata§ n Güvenli§i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4.1 Ataklar n Simülasyonu ve Analizleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Gerekli Altyap 6
2.1 Cebir ve Say lar Teorisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Eliptik E§ri Temelleri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Zor Problemler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 RSA Kriptosistemine Kleptogra k Ataklar 14 3.1 RSA ifreleme Sistemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.1 Algoritman n Simülasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.1.1 Çal ³ma Zaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.1.2 Aç k anahtar da§ l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 RSA çin lk Kleptogra k Atak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.1 Ata§ n Simülasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.1.1 Çal ³ma Zaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.1.2 Aç k Anahtar n Da§ l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3 RSA için Güçlü Kleptogra k Atak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3.1 Olas l ksal E§ilim Kald rma Yöntemi (Probabilistic Bias Removal Method PBRM) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3.2 Klepto RSA Anahtar Üretimi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3.3 Ata§ n Simülasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3.3.1 Çal ³ma Zaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3.3.2 Aç k Anahtarlar n Da§ l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.4 Gizli Asal Çarpan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4.1 Coppersmith K smi Bilgi Ata§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4.2 Permutasyon Fonksiyonu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4.3 Atak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4.4 Ata§ n Simülasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.4.4.1 Çal ³ma Zaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.4.4.2 Aç k Anahtar n Da§ l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4 Ayr k Logaritma Tabanl Sistemlere Ataklar 34 4.1 Di e-Hellman Ata§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.1.1 Di e-Hellman Anahtar De§i³imi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.2 Klepto Di e-Hellman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.1.3 Ata§ n Simülasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.3.1 Anahtar De§i³im ve Ele Geçirme Ba³ar lar . . . . . . . . 39
4.1.3.2 Çal ³ma Zaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1.3.3 Aç k Anahtar Da§ l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.2 ElGamal ifreleme Ata§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.2.1 ElGamal ifreleme Sistemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2.2 Klepto ElGamal ifreleme Sistemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2.3 Ata§ n Simülasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.3 DSA mza çin Kleptogra k Atak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.1 DSA Dijital mza Algoritmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.2 Klepto Dijital mza Algoritmas (DSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.3.3 Ata§ n Simülasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3.3.1 Rastgele De§er Da§ l mlar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3.3.2 Çal ³ma Zaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5 Eliptik E§rilerle Ataklar 50
5.1 Eliptik E§riler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.2 Gizli Anahtar De§i³imi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.2.1 Ad m 1: Haz rl k Ad m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.2.2 Ad m 2: Anahtar de§i³imi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.3 Ad m 3: Geri Kazan m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.3 Eliptik E§rilerin Kullan ³d § Di§er Ataklar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.4 Ata§ n RSA ifreleme Sistemine Uygulanmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.4.1 Ata§ n Simulasyonu ve Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.4.1.1 Çal ³ma Zaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.4.1.2 Aç k Anahtar n Da§ l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.5 Ata§ n SSL Protokolüne Uygulanmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6 Sonuç 62
A Burgu E§riler ve Kaliski'nin Rastgele Bit Üreteci 63
A.1 Burgu E§riler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
A.2 Kaliski'nin Rastgele Bit Üreteci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Kaynaklar 6