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Seaweed extract improves carbohydrate metabolism in overweight and obese adults
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowBackground: Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and associated with type 2 diabetes. Seaweed is one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment and is a rich arsenal of functional ingredients that may possess the potential to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Objective: The aim was to investigate the effects of seaweed extract on glucose metabolism and markers of inflammation in overweight and obese individuals.
Methods: Participants (N=76, >40 years, body mass index >25 kg/m 2 ) who volunteered for this 10week randomized, controlled, doubly blinded intervention study, were randomized into an intervention group (seaweed extract, 3 capsules=1200 mg/day) or a control group (placebo, 3 capsules/day). The extract derived from the brown seaweed bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus). At baseline and endpoint of the study, fasting samples were analysed for blood glucose, insulin, inflammation markers, liver enzymes and creatinine (renal function).
Results: Drop out was 11.8% and not significantly different between groups. Fasting blood glucose and insulin were improved at the endpoint in the intervention group, but no changes were observed in the control group (corrected endpoint differences between groups: glucose=0.61 mmol/L, P=0.038; insulin=0.72 mu U/L, P=0.038). Measures of inflammation, liver enzymes and renal function did not change significantly during the study.
Conclusion: Ingestion of seaweed extract over 10 weeks improves glucose metabolism without affecting measures of inflammation, liver function or renal function.Nordic Innovation Centr
Validity and reliability of the Icelandic translation and transcultural adaptation of the Prosthetic Mobility Questionnaire in individuals with lower limb amputations
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadAbstract: Background: An evidence-based documentation of an
amputee’s mobility is a vital part of the rehabilitation setting as
well as in research and in the development of new prosthetic devices. The Prosthetic Mobility Questionnaire (PMQ) has undergone several iterations to reach its current form, successfully addressing the mobility capabilities of a broad spectrum of amputees.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric
properties of an Icelandic translation and transcultural adaptation of the PMQ.
Methods: Following standardized procedures of translation, the
questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. Participants
(n=28) were transtibial and -femoral amputees recruited from
prosthetic clinics or outpatient rehabilitation centers. Reliability
of PMQ was tested by analyzing the internal consistency with
Cronbach´s alpha. Convergent and discriminant validity were
tested using the Spearman´s rank correlation coefficient and the
Mann-Whitney test, respectively.
Results: The internal consistency was high for the PMQ, indicating a high reliability. Moderate to strong correlation of the PMQ
to other measures related to mobility indicate a high convergent
validity, and the questionnaire was able to differentiate between
age groups and between Medical Functional Classification Levels
2 and 3.
Conclusions: This study presents the results of the first Icelandic
translated questionnaire with validated transcultural adaptation
procedures, specifically designed to address the needs of amputees. This version of the PMQ is a reliable and valid measure for
Icelandic speaking amputees and can be used in the realm of the
amputee rehabilitation, research, or development of prosthetic
devices to evaluate mobility.
Keywords: Prosthetic Mobility Questionnaire (PMQ), psychometric properties, lower limb amputation, mobilityÁgrip
Bakgrunnur: Áreiðanleg skráning á hreyfifærni einstaklinga sem
ganga með gervifót er mikilvægur hluti í endurhæfingu, sem og
við rannsóknir og þróun á nýjum stoðtækjum. Prosthetic Mobility
Questionnaire (PMQ) var þróaður með það að markmiði að hann
gagnist við mat á breiðum hópi fólks með ólíka hreyfigetu eftir
aflimun.
Markmið: Markmið þessarrar rannsóknar var að meta
próffræðilega eiginleika íslenskrar þýðingar á spurningalistanum
PMQ.
Aðferðir: Staðlaðar aðferðir voru notaðar við þýðingu á þessum
lista og í kjölfarið var listinn prófaður til þess að meta áreiðanleika
og réttmæti hans. Þátttakendur (n=28) voru einstaklingar sem
höfðu undirgengist aflimun fyrir ofan eða neðan hné og voru í
reglubundinni þjónustu hjá stoðtækjafræðingi eða í viðhaldsþjálfun
Aðsetur rannsakenda: 1Rannsóknarstofa í hreyfivísindum, Læknadeild, Háskóli Íslands,
Reykjavik, Ísland. Hringbraut 31, 101 Reykjavík.
sími: 00354 525 4004.
Stofnanir þar sem rannsóknin var gerð:
Össur stoðtækjafyrirtæki, Landspítali Háskólasjúkrahús, Grensásdeild
Tengiliður:
Anna Lára Ármannsdóttir, Tel. +354 862 2929, [email protected]
Vinnutitill: Translation and validity study for Prosthetic Mobility
Questionnaire
Anna Lára Ármannsdóttir,
PT, MSc.
1
Kristín Briem PT, PhD 1
Sjúkraþjálfarinn 11
Ritrýnd grein
við endurhæfingarstofnun. Áreiðanleiki var metinn með því að
skoða innri samkvæmni með Cronbach´s alpha. Samleitniréttmæti
var prófað með Spearman´s rank correlation coefficient og
aðgreiniréttmæti með Mann-Whitney prófi.
Niðurstöður: Innri stöðugleiki var hár fyrir spurningalistann sem
gefur til kynna háan áreiðanleika. Marktæk fylgni á milli PMQ og
annarra mæliaðferða sem meta hreyfigetu, sem og geta hans til að
aðgreina á milli aldurshópa og á milli flokka „Medical Functional
Classification Levels“ 2 og 3 gefur til kynna gott réttmæti.
Ályktanir: Þessi rannsókn er sú fyrsta sem notar staðlaðar aðferðir
til íslenskrar þýðingar á spurningalista sem er sérstaklega ætlaður
þörfum einstaklinga sem misst hafa neðri útlim/útlimi. Niðurstöður
á próffræðilegum eiginleikum íslensku þýðingarinnar gefa til
kynna að listinn sé bæði réttmætt og áreiðanlegt tæki til að meta
hreyfifærni þessa hóps og er hann framlag til endurhæfingar
einstaklinga með aflimun sem og til rannsókna og þróunar á
stoðtækjum.
Lykilorð: Prosthetic Mobility Questionnaire (PMQ),
próffræðilegir eiginleikar, aflimun neðri útlima, hreyfifærniThe Icelandic Physical Therapy Associatio
Litið yfir farinn veg og horft fram á við frá sjónarhorni sjúkraþjálfara með nær hálfrar aldar starfsferil
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Downloadinto the development of post-operative physiotherapy during my lifespan as physiotherapist. At
the beginning of my career it was not uncommon
that patients died from pneumonia following a
successful operation. Anaesthesia and ventilator
treatment were less developed, severe expectorant
pneumonia was much more common and antibiotics were less effective. The need for physiotherapy
methods to remove secretions from the lungs was
therefore far more relevant than today. The paper
discusses two current research rapports on postoperative physiotherapy following cardiac surgery, both demonstrating very low incidence of
pulmonary complications and one of them stated
that omitting breathing exercises caused no adverse effects. Both
reports show severely reduced lung volumes post-operatively
compared to pre-operative values and cite numerous rapports
showing same results. However, no discussion of this outcome nor
the consequences thereof was offered. It seems evident that a
change in focus is necessary from the primary aim being to prevent post-operative pulmonary complications to becoming to reduce the adverse effect of the operation on the respiratory motor
system, being reduced lung volumes, respiratory movements and
blood oxygen saturation. Prevention of pulmonary complications
will then follow. We, physiotherapists have in our toolbox all tools
and methods to improve these impairments
Ætti amma að lyfta lóðum? Hugleiðingar um hreyfingu og styrkþjálfun fólks sem komið er yfir miðjan aldur
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Downloa
DNA-thioguanine concentration and relapse risk in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an IPD meta-analysis.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowMethotrexate/6-mercaptopurine maintenance therapy improves acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) outcome. Cytotoxicity is mediated by DNA incorporation of thioguanine nucleotides (DNA-TG). We investigated the association of DNA-TG to relapse risk in 1 910 children and young adults with non-high risk ALL. In a cohort-stratified Cox regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and white cell count at diagnosis, the relapse-specific hazard ratio (HRa) per 100 fmol/μg increase in weighted mean DNA-TG (wmDNA-TG) was 0.87 (95% CI 0.78-0.97; p = 0.013) in the 839 patients who were minimal residual disease (MRD) positive at end of induction therapy (EOI), whereas this was not the case in EOI MRD-negative patients (p = 0.76). Validation analysis excluding the previously published Nordic NOPHO ALL2008 pediatric cohort yielded a HRa of 0.92 (95% CI 0.82-1.03; p = 0.15) per 100 fmol/μg increase in wmDNA-TG in EOI MRD-positive patients. If also excluding the United Kingdom cohort, in which samples were taken non-randomly in selected patients, the HRa for the EOI MRD-positive patients was 0.82 (95% CI 0.68-0.99; p = 0.044) per 100 fmol/μg increase in wmDNA-TG. The importance of DNA-TG as a biomarker for maintenance therapy intensity calls for novel strategies to increase DNA-TG, although its clinical value may vary by protocol backbone.Danish Cancer Society
Childhood Cancer Foundation (Denmark),
Otto Christensen Foundation
Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet
Novo Nordisk Foundation
UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Medical Research Council UK (MRC)
Childhood Cancer Foundation (Sweden)
Nordic Cancer Unio
Factors affecting general practitioners’ choice of drug therapy: A study in primary healthcare in Iceland
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadINNGANGUR
Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að kanna ýmis atriði sem geta haft áhrif
á ákvarðanir lækna í heilsugæslu á Íslandi um lyfjameðferð. Jafnframt
hvaða atriði kynnu að vera hindrun við ákvarðanatöku. Að lokum að greina
hvaða þættir gætu frekar auðveldað ákvarðanatöku.
EFNIVIÐUR OG AÐFERÐIR
Sendur var rafrænn spurningalisti með tölvupósti til allra starfandi
lækna í heilsugæslu á Íslandi. Spurningalistinn var samsettur úr lokuðum
spurningum, opnum textaboxum og röðunarspurningum. Excel var notað
við greiningu gagnanna.
NIÐURSTÖÐUR
Alls svöruðu 93 læknar spurningalistanum og var svarhlutfallið
40,7%. Niðurstöðurnar sýna að læknar telja að klínískar leiðbeiningar,
upplýsingar í sérlyfjaskrá og eigin reynsla séu mikilvægastar við
val á lyfjameðferð. Þá eru læknar mjög sammála um að skortur á
milliverkanaforriti sem tengist sjúkraskrá sjúklings sé hamlandi þáttur
við ákvarðanatöku. Þau atriði sem mikilvægast væri að laga til að styðja
við ákvarðanir lækna eru innlendir lyfjalistar og milliverkanaforrit sem
tengist sjúkraskrá sjúklings.
ÁLYKTUN
Niðurstöður benda á þætti sem gagnast læknum í heilsugæslu við
ákvörðun um lyfjaval, svo sem lyfjalista, milliverkanaforrit, aðgengilegar
upplýsingar um lyfjameðferð sjúklinga, mismunandi tímalengd viðtala,
gagnreyndar upplýsingar um ný lyf, aðkomu klínískra lyfjafræðinga að
starfi heilsugæslu.Introduction: This study aimed to analyse several factors that influence the decision-making of
primary care physicians in Iceland in their choice of drug therapy for their patients. Also, to find which
factors can act as a hindrance in making the best choices. Finally, to analyse which elements could be
most important in facilitating decisions.
Material and methods: A questionnaire was sent by e-mail to physicians working in primary care in
Iceland. The questionnaire comprised closed questions, open text boxes, and ranking questions. The
data was processed and analysed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: The total number of primary care physicians who responded to the questionnaire was 93, a
response rate of 40.7% of all the primary care physicians. The results reveal that physicians working
in primary care consider clinical guidelines, the Icelandic National Formulary, and personal experience
to be the most important factors when choosing a medication. Primary care physicians strongly agree
that the lack of drug interaction software connected to medical records is a shortcoming. The most
important factors that need improvement to facilitate primary care physicians' decision-making are
drug formularies and interaction software.
Conclusion: The results suggest some factors that support physicians in primary care in making
decisions when choosing drug therapy, such as a drug formulary, drug interaction software,
information about patients’ drug therapy, variable length in face-to-face consultations, evidence based
information on new drugs, and counselling provided by clinical pharmacists
Diagnosis, rehabilitation and development of disability 2000-2019 in Iceland
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Örorkumatsstaðall sem byggður er á læknisfræðilega viðurkenndum
sjúkdómum eða fötlun var innleiddur 1999. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar
er að skoða þróun úrskurða Tryggingastofnunar ríkisins vegna
endurhæfingar- og örorkulífeyris á 20 ára tímabili frá innleiðingu hans.
EFNIVIÐUR OG AÐFERÐIR
Allar skráðar sjúkdómsgreiningar í læknisvottorðum Tryggingastofnunar
vegna samþykktra nýrra endurhæfingar- eða örorkulífeyrisþega fyrir
árin 2000-2019 voru skoðaðar. Gerð er grein fyrir kynjaskiptingu,
aldursdreifingu og fjöldaþróun á tímabilinu. Jafnframt er skoðaður
kostnaður sem hlutfall af ríkisútgjöldum.
NIÐURSTÖÐUR
Nýliðun yngri endurhæfingarlífeyrisþega hefur aukist hratt á
undanförnum árum á sama tíma og lítillega hefur dregið úr hlutfallslegri
fjölgun örorkulífeyrisþega. Geð- og stoðkerfissjúkdómar eru
langalgengustu sjúkdómsflokkarnir sem leiða til skertrar starfsgetu.
Geðsjúkdómar skera sig úr hvað varðar aldursdreifingu og fjölgun eftir
því sem nær dregur í tíma. Hlutfall einstaklinga á aldrinum 18-66 ára
með 75% örorkumat hefur aukist um þriðjung á tímabilinu, úr um 6% í
8%. Kynjaskipting örorkulífeyrisþega helst svipuð, konur eru um 62%
hópsins í heildina. Konur eru mun líklegri til að verða öryrkjar vegna
stoðkerfissjúkdóma, en karlar nokkru líklegri vegna geðsjúkdóma.
Hlutfallsleg þróun ríkisútgjalda vegna heildargreiðslna til endurhæfingarog lífeyrisþega heldur áfram að vaxa sem hlutfall af ríkisútgjöldum.
ÁLYKTUN
Endurhæfingarlífeyrisþegum hefur fjölgað verulega frá árinu 2018
á sama tíma og dregið hefur úr nýliðun öryrkja og vísbendingar eru
um að endurhæfing hafi skilað sér í fækkun nýrra öryrkja. Geð- og
stoðkerfissjúkdómar eru langalgengustu sjúkdómsflokkarnir sem leiða
til skertrar starfsgetu. Heldur lægra hlutfall öryrkja er með geðgreiningu
sem fyrstu sjúkdómsgreiningu á tímabilinu 2000-2019 samanborið við
þá sem áttu gildandi örorkumat 2005 en hlutfall stoðkerfissjúkdóma
er heldur hærra. Engu að síður skera geðsjúkdómar sig úr hvað varðar
aldursdreifingu og fjölgun eftir því sem nær dregur í tíma.INTRODUCTION: The disability assessment standard based on medically recognized
illnesses or disabilities was introduced in Iceland 1999. The aim of this study is to examine
the development of Social Insurance Administration (Tryggingastofnun ríkisins, TR) rulings
regarding rehabilitation and disability pensions over a twenty-year period, since its
introduction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: All registered diagnoses in the medical certificates of TR due
to the approved rehabilitation or disability pension were examined in the period 2000-
2019. The gender distribution and age distribution of these applicants and the number
development during the period are described. At the same time, costs as a percentage of
government expenditure are examined.
RESULTS: The number of younger rehabilitation pensioners has increased rapidly in
recent years, at the same time as the relative increase in disability pensioners has slowed
slightly. Mental and musculoskeletal disorders are by far the most common types of illness
leading to disability. Mental illnesses differ in terms of age distribution and increase over
time. The proportion of individuals aged 18-66 with a 75% disability assessment has
increased by a third during the period, from about 6% to 8%. The gender distribution of
disability pensioners remains similar, with women accounting for 62% in total. Women are
much more likely to receive disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorders than men
and men are somewhat more likely to suffer from mental illness. The relative development
of central government expenditure on total payments to rehabilitation and pensioners
continues to grow as a proportion of central government expenditure.
CONCLUSION: The number of rehabilitation pensioners has increased significantly since
2018, at the same time as the number of disability pensioners has decreased and there
are indications that rehabilitation results in a lower number of new disability pensioners.
Mental and musculoskeletal disorders are by far the most common types of illness leading
to disability. A slightly lower proportion of disabled people have psychiatric diagnosis
as a first diagnosis in the period 2000-2019 compared to those with a valid disability
assessment in 2005, but the proportion of musculoskeletal disorders is slightly higher.
Nevertheless, mental illnesses differ in age distribution and increase over time
Spermatogonia Loss Correlates with LAMA 1 Expression in Human Prepubertal Testes Stored for Fertility Preservation.
Get PDFTo access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadFertility preservation for male childhood cancer survivors not yet capable of producing mature spermatozoa, relies on experimental approaches such as testicular explant culture. Although the first steps in somatic maturation can be observed in human testicular explant cultures, germ cell depletion is a common obstacle. Hence, understanding the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche environment and in particular, specific components such as the seminiferous basement membrane (BM) will allow progression of testicular explant cultures. Here, we revealed that the seminiferous BM is established from 6 weeks post conception with the expression of laminin alpha 1 (LAMA 1) and type IV collagen, which persist as key components throughout development. With prepubertal testicular explant culture we found that seminiferous LAMA 1 expression is disrupted and depleted with culture time correlating with germ cell loss. These findings highlight the importance of LAMA 1 for the human SSC niche and its sensitivity to culture conditions.
Keywords: Sertoli cells; basal membrane; germ cells; infertility; late effects; seminiferous tubules; spermatogonia; stem cell niche.Jane and Dan Olssons Foundation
Frimurare Barnhuset i Stockholm
Kronprinsessan Lovisas Forening For Barnasjukvard/Stiftelsen Axel Tielmans Minnesfond
Samariten Foundation
Tore Nilsson Foundation
European Commission
Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelsen
Swedish Research Council
UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship
UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Medical Research Council UK (MRC)
ITN Marie Curie program "Growsperm"
Karolinska Institutet
Scandinavia-Japan Sasakawa Foundation
Japan Eye Bank Association
Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Birgitta and Carl-Axel Rydbeck's Research Grant for Pediatric Researc
Factors associated with family functioning in patients with heart failure and their family members: An international cross-sectional study.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowAims: To describe and compare family functioning, family health, and perceived social support from nurses and to identify the variables that are associated with family functioning in patients with heart failure (HF) and their family members in Denmark, Iran, and Iceland.
Design: An international multi-centre cross-sectional study.
Methods: A sample of 1382 participants (692 patients and 690 family members) from Denmark, Iceland, and Iran were included from January 2015 to May 2020. Data were collected using the Family Functioning, Health, and Social Support questionnaire.
Results: The significant factors associated with family functioning in patients were country, New York Heart Association classification (NYHA), education level, age, family health, social support, and there was a significant interaction effect between NYHA class and gender. The significant factors associated with family functioning in family members were country, education level, work status, family health, and there was a significant interaction effect between education and work status.
Conclusion: This study indicated that the strongest factor associated with higher family functioning was family health for both patients and family members. Women in NYHA class I and younger patients and those with an academic education had a lower level of family functioning. Moreover, unemployed family members with an elementary education and family members with elementary and high school educations who were self-employed or employees had a lower level of family functioning.
Impact: This is the first international study to investigate family functioning, family health, and social support and adds to the literature on the factors associated with family functioning in patients with HF and their family members. Our findings may help nurses to identify the most vulnerable families living with HF, thereby being able to provide special support to enhance their family functioning to promote self-management strategies.
Keywords: family functioning; family health; family member; heart failure; social support.Novo Nordisk Foundatio
The most successful year in the history of Acta Ophthalmologica.
No full textTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belo