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A Case Study of the Investigation of Vocal Imitation in Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
No full text1.はじめに 2.聞こえに制約のある子どもたちの言語獲得支援について 3.音韻的な対立への気づきと音声模倣の発言 4.考察 5.まとめEven with a high degree of sensorineural hearing loss, the conversational effects from wearing a hearing aid start with voice imitation. In approach of rehabilitation of children with hearing loss, the phonological language system of the mother tongue is established by supplying voice, finger characters, and with the use of symbols, such as the child’s native written language. This paper focuses on a test subject (Child A) who had little voice mimicking until 7 years old. For this subject, the priority of communication was focused on sign language and finger characters, rather than voice usage. In one episode, Child A, in one session during an examination of Sound composition, was seen showing a conflicting reaction to the different nasal and non-nasal sounds. In another, after a session while pronouncing syllables, Child A was seen to have actively begun vocal imitations. After seeing such changes in Child A, the author decided to investigate this child’s vocal Imitation development
Ganjin : From Vinaya Master to Ritsu School Founder
No full textIntroduction The Historical Transmission of the Vinaya to Japan The Motivations of the Nara Court Nara-period Hagiographies of Ganjin Conclusion BibliographyThe hagiographic texts on a Chinese monk known in Japan as Ganjin (Ch. Jianzhen) produced shortly after his death portrayed him as a charismatic monk with countless virtues. Such texts can be understood as an attempt by Ganjin\u27s successors to confirm his authority in the Ritsu community and spread his merits to future generations. This paper examines the process through which Ganjin was promoted from a vinaya master to an idealized monk who later was regarded as the leading authority of the Ritsu school. First, I provide a historical overview of the transmission of the vinaya in Japan prior to Ganjin\u27s arrival. Second, I discuss the motivations of the Nara court (710–794) to demonstrate why an eminent vinaya master like Ganjin was needed. Third, I explore how the received image of Ganjin evolved after his death
The Auxiliary biXe in Sibe and “recalling” as a mental process
No full text1.はじめに 2.シベ語動詞述語文の形態統語論的構造 3.分析の枠組み 4.モダリティ小辞=iの表す意味 5.補助動詞bi-(biXe)の表す意味 6.結
Current Discourse Space and the Two Interpretations of Negatives
No full text1.はじめに 2.Control Cycleと認識を表す動詞knowの意味構造 3.you don\u27t know補分構文と2つのタイプ 4.まとめIn discourse, the speaker and hearer engage in assessing each other’s knowledge and intentions, which is the key factor of the linguistic meaning of an expression. In other words, interpretation of an expression is impossible without the common ground provided by the overall context, which is shared by the interlocutors (Langacker 2008, p465). Langacker calls this common basis for interpretation the current discourse space (CDS). Based on this concept of CDS, this paper examines the two different readings of the complement clauses you don’t know＋P. With the verb know, which is one of the factive predicates, truth of complements is generally presupposed, and even when the main clauses are negated the complements are not (Kiparsky and Kiparsky 1970). When the sentence subject is you, however, there are cases where the propositions do not stay as valid if the main clauses are negated. Thus, we propose two types of you don’t know＋P: type A, in which the factivity is kept intact even when the main clause is negated; type B, in which the feature of factivity is lost when the main clause is negated (Nakashima 2015). Type A is exemplified in (1); type B in (2) as below. (1) “… When you’re in high school, well, the school, your friends – they’re just your whole world.” “And you think they are the whole world,” said Louise. “You don’t know that there’s life after high school.” (COCA) (2) A: He’s real upset. He ain’t never gonna forgive me. B: You don’t know that he wouldn’t. A: I know. B: You don’t know until you ask him. (COCA) The objective of this paper is to elucidate how such a difference in factivity, or, more precisely, the two different readings of you don’t know ＋P, are brought about, based on Langacker’s model of CDS
On the working memory load effects in children\u27s sentence repetition : A case of cleft sentences
No full text1.問題 2.方法 3.結果・考察 4.おわりにThis study investigated how experimental manipulation of working memory load affected children’s input information retainment. 76 children (4;5-6;4, M=65 months, SD=6.61) were participated in our experiment. We conducted sentence repetition task for cleft sentences to examine children’s input retainment and set two conditions in which mora length of nouns and verbs in stimulus sentences were controlled: high working memory load condition (high WM load: 24 morae) and low working memory load condition (low WM load: 16 morae). As a result, children who repeated stimulus sentences perfectly in low WM load condition could not repeat case-markers correctly in high WM load condition. On the other hand, children who repeated stimulus sentences perfectly in high WM load condition repeated almost all cleft sentences in low WM load condition. Thus, working memory load affected children’s performance of sentence repetition. These results suggested that case-marking errors, which had been demonstrated in various sentence comprehension tasks, would be originated in input information retainment
Versuch über Hans Driesch : Die Tragweite der „Entelechie“ (1)
No full text0.はじめに 1.ハンス・ドリーシュ 生涯と人となり 2.生気論と「エンテレヒー」Die Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts vorherrschende mechanistische Lebensauffassung postulierte, das Leben könnte auf die Konstellationen einzelner physikalischer und chemischer Akte zurückgeführt werden. Hans Driesch dagegen meinte, dass das „Leben [...] nicht eine besondere Art der Anordnung anorganischer Ereignisse“ sei und deswegen nicht auf das Zusammenwirken von physikalischen und chemischen Elementen reduziert werden könne. Für Driesch ist die Biologie als Wissenschaft des Lebens „nicht angewandte Physik und Chemie“. Auf diesen Gedanken kam Driesch durch sein berühmtes Experiment mit Seeigelkeimen im Jahr 1891. Er schüttelte die Keime sehr heftig im zweizelligen Stadium, und in einigen Fällen gelang es ihm, „die eine der Furchungszellen zu töten ohne die andere zu beschädigen, oder auch beide Furchungszellen voneinander zu trennen“. Nach der Theorie von August Weismann und Wilhelm Roux hätte er die Halborganisation seines Objekts erhalten müssen. Stattdessen erhielt er „eine typische ganze Gastrula“, die sich „nur durch ihre geringere Größe von einer normalen unterschied“. Dieser „kleinen aber ganzen Gastrula folgte ein ganzer und typischer kleiner Pluteus“. Aufgrund dieses Experiments entwickelte Driesch seinen eigenen vitalistischen Gedanken, in den er einen supekulativen Naturfaktor Entelechie einführte. Nach Driesch sei der auf Aristoteles zurückgehende Begriff Entelechie (έντελέχεια) weder Energie, noch Kraft, weder Intensität noch Konstante, „sondern – Entelechie“. Entelechie ist aber kein „mystisches“ Element wie etwa „Lebenskraft“. Werner Müller und Shôhei Yonemoto sind der Meinung, dass die Entelechie gerade den Begriff der „Information“ und „darüberhinaus die auf ihr aufbauende Fähigkeit lebender Systeme zur Selbstorganisation“ bezeichne, wenn man sie in die gegenwärtige Terminologie übersetzen würde. Diese Abhandlung, die auch kurz auf Drieschs Leben eingeht, ist mein erster Versuch zum Vitalismus von Hans Driesch. In späteren Abhandlungen werde ich dem Einfluss vom Vitalismus Drieschs auf die Nachwelt, besonders in Bezug auf die „Entelechie“ nachgehen
BCG Immunotherapy Against Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer : Recent Results, Current Studies and Future Perspectives
No full textNonlinear Time Series Analysis of Vietnam Stock Market
No full textはじめに 第1節 イントロダクション 第2節 非線形理論 第3節 R/S比およびハースト指数分析 第4節 ベトナム証券市場形成の背景 第5節 データ 第6節 実証分析 第7節 結論 第8節 今後の研
Nagasaki merchant and The Phaeton Incident
No full textはじめに 1、フェートン号をめぐる長崎町人の異国船認識 町乙名石本幸四郎の場合 2、フェートン号事件と長崎町人の行動 3、市中非常備銀と市中御備新田 4、市中御備新田の経営 おわり
System Identification for Quad-rotor Parameters Using Neural Network
No full textThis paper presents a new technique to identify the system parameters without using the system governing equations. This technique is the time series prediction using neural network. The theoretical model was applied using simulations, after that the experiments were done to get the suitable construction for the neural model. A comparison between neural network and placket’s model is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of both models were explained. The main idea of neural network is based on back-propagation algorithm. The equations and steps for iteration are presented and the relation between changing the number of iteration with the system frequency. The controller used is pole placement controller based on the neural network results as a system model