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Recent Progress in Simulations of 3D Vortex Sheets with Surface Tension
No full textIn this paper, we give an overview of recent progress in numerical simulations of the motion of three-dimensional vortex sheets with surface tension. The main idea in the designs of stable numerical schemes for the model is to find the dominant terms at small scales in the evolution equation. It includes construction and maintenance of sophisticated parametrization of surfaces and mathematical analysis of the non-local operator that gives the velocity of sheets. We also discuss possible applications of such techniques to computer graphics especially in relation to open problems in applied mathematics
The common principle of facilities arrangement on the Eup-Chi of the Joseon dynasty period : By comparative analysis with documents and illustrated maps
No full textThis paper aims to clarify on the common principle of facilities arrangement of the 「Eup-Chi ( 邑治)」, was settled by central government of the 「Joseon (朝鮮)」 as an administrative center of regional cities, by comparative analysis with documents and illustrated maps. All of them had administrative buildings, religious facilities, a school, and markets in common. These facilities were settled by 「Feng-Shui (風水)」 theory and other ideal at the same time considered whether it is profitable place for dwellings. At the first, The Eup-Chi had to need obtaining water and agriculture fields and be surrounded by mountains and streams. Generally it was settled facing south, with the main-municipal building,「Dong-Heon (東軒)」, on the upper part of it\u27s space. Literary part was arranged on the eastern of it\u27s space while Martial part was on the western. Religious facilities were arranged on the main-mountain ranges which had been on the northern of the Eup-Chi. And markets had been formed at the easy accessible place by itself
Influence of Pore Size and Surface Functionality of Activated Carbons on Adsorption Behaviors of Indole and Amylase
No full textInfluence of pore size and surface functionality of activated carbons on liquid-phase molecular adsorption behaviors was carefully investigated both in terms of adsorption capacity and kinetics using indole and amylase as model adsorptive bio-materials by individual single-component experiments to improve adsorptive removal efficiency and selectivity of body wastes. Activated carbon fibers having narrow pore size of about 0.65 nm showed the highest adsorption capability of indole per unit surface area. From the point of view of the adsorption rate, however, a little bit wider micropores of about 0.70 nm considered to be preferable. It was also confirmed that a presence of oxygen-containing surface functional groups induces diffusional inhibitions of indole molecules to deeper pore spaces, giving rise to a lowering both of adsorption capacity and rate of indole. On the other hand, amylase adsorption amount was limited for microporous carbons. Therefore, as for oral applications to selectively remove the wastes in the body such as indole but not for useful molecules such as amylase, the activated carbons having abundant micropores of about 0.7 nm in size and hydrophobic surfaces were found to be suitable from the individual single-component experiments
How is a Sustainable Society Established? : A Case Study of Cities in Japan and Germany
No full textThis research seeks the key mechanisms for the establishment of a sustainable society from the viewpoint of local politics. A case study was conducted for two ecologically friendly societies: Kitakyushu city in Japan and the Emscher area in Germany. Both societies suffered from severe environmental problems in the past, but recovered and became pioneering models of ecologically conscious societies over the past 100 years. The comparative investigations into their revitalization periods uncovered three commonalities: the presence of a symbol of an environmentally friendly society; a regional organization that manages projects with a comprehensive view; and the use of regional tangible and intangible resources created in the past. These three factors are considered important for achieving sustainable development in subnational societies in the future
Molecular Mechanism of Lifestyle-related Diseases : See Both the Wood and Trees!
No full textEnergy homeostasis is maintained locally through parenchymal-stromal cell interaction and systemically through metabolic organ network. In obese adipose tissue, saturated fatty acids, which are released as a danger signal from hypertrophied adipocytes, stimulates a pathogen sensor TLR4 in the infiltrating macrophages, thus establishing a vicious cycle between adipocytes and macrophages to stimulate adipose tissue inflammation. Histologically, macrophages aggregate to constitute crown-like structures (CLS), where they are thought to scavenge the residual lipid droplets of dead adipocytes. Free fatty acids, when released from obese visceral fat depots, are transported in large quantities to the liver via the portal vein, where they are accumulated as ectopic fat, thus developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is a unique histological feature termed “hepatic CLS (hCLS)” the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver, where macrophages aggregate to surround dead hepatocytes with large lipid droplets. Notably, the number of hCLS is positively correlated with the extent of liver fibrosis. Our data suggest that hCLS serves as an origin of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis during the progression from simple steatosis to NASH. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, an oral antidiabetic drug, promotes the urinary excretion of glucose by blocking its reabsorption in renal proximal tubules. Inhibition of SGLT2 lowers is expected to reduce body weight because of urinary calorie loss. Interestingly, SGLT2 inhibition improves hepatic steatosis in obese mice irrespective of body weight reduction. There is an inverse correlation between liver weight and adipose tissue weight in obese mice with SGLT2 inhibition, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibition induces the “healthy” adipose tissue expansion and prevents ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. Our data suggest that seeing both the wood and trees is Required to understand the molecular mechanism of lifestyle-related diseases
