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Effect of Heating Temperature and Duration on Growth and Hypertrophy in Seed Bulb Production for Early Summer-Harvesting Cultivation of Allium × wakegi Araki
No full textはじめに / 材料と方法 / 結果 / 考察 / 要約ワケギ初夏どり栽培用の種球生産においては，冬季の生育停滞を回避して分げつおよびその後の分球を促し，掘り上げ時の種球としての鱗茎数を確保することが重要である．そこで，栽培中の加温温度および加温開始時期が掘り上げ時の生育および鱗茎肥大に及ぼす影響について検討した．その結果，加温温度が高いほど，また加温開始時期が早いほど生育および分球数が旺盛であった．加温開始時期は12 月上旬以前とし，加温温度は燃油量のコストを考慮し2℃とするのが実用的であると考えられた．It is important to avoid delay of growing in winter and to promote tillering and division of bulbs for increasing number of bulbs in the seed bulb production for spring-harvesting cultivation of Allium × wakegi Araki. Effects of temperature and starting time of heating on growth and bulb hypertrophy were examined. Higher temperature and earlier heat treatments resulted better growth and more number of bulbs. It is practically preferred that heating should be started before the beginning of December and minimum temperature should be more than 2 ℃ in consideration of the cost of the fuel oil
The Classification of the Morphological Characteristics of Aerial Vegetative Tissues in a Large Germplasm Collection of Korean Ginseng (panax sp.)
No full textThis study was conducted to clarify the morphological characteristics related to the qualitative characters of aerial vegetative tissues in a large collection of ginseng germplasms. A total of 380 germplasm lines collected from different regional sites of Korea were morphologically characterized in detail. We also characterized additional 18 lines that were generated by the mutagen MNU (N–methyl–N–nitrosourea) treatment to ‘Gopoong’ and ‘Gumpoong’ varieties. The color and shape of stem and leaflet of ginseng germplasms were divided into specific sub–categories. The stem color was divided into 5 classes such as light green, green, light purple, purple, dark purple colors. Anthocyanin expression was also determined based on the extent and distribution in stem and petiole. Four categories were observed for the shape of leaflets. We also characterized the appearance of cross–sectioned leaves and found 3 classes such as concave, plane and convex type. The leaflet color at senescence was divided into 5 classes such as yellow, brown, reddish brown, red, dark red. Our thorough investigation broadens genetic resources for ginseng breeding and provides useful information of morphological diversities in ginseng germplasms in South Korea. Morphological distinction established in this study will be applied in different germplasm collections
Schuldminderung im Notwehrexzess : Die Analyse der Rechtsprechung und Literatur in Japan
No full text第一章 序論 第二章 判例 第三章 学説 第四章 結論と今後の展
Estimation of Nitrogen Transformation in Cau River Basin, Vietnam Using a Material Flow Analysis Model
No full textExcess nitrogen causes harmful algal blooms and pollution of surface water and groundwater, and has become an increasingly urgent issue in Cau River Basin, Vietnam. However, due to a lack of information, researchers struggle to find suitable tools for analysis of the problem. In order to overcome this, we introduce a material flow analysis (MFA) model to assess the environmental impact of human activities on nutrient flows at the river basin scale. The MFA model was used to estimate nitrogen transformation and identify the main source of nitrogen in Hai Duong province in Cau River Basin. The dynamic transformation of nitrogen was quantified using results from a survey and previous studies. All nitrogen inputs such as from agriculture, aquaculture, and domestic sources, as well as nitrogen outputs including to the atmosphere, surface water, and soil and groundwater were considered and estimated by mass balance and network equations. The rate of nitrogen transformation in each process and parameters of the MFA model were then determined and verified by measured data. The MFA model results indicate that nitrogen loads to the air accounted for 64.2% whereas nitrogen loads to surface water and soil or groundwater accounted for 23.9% and 11.9% respectively. Nitrogen loads from rice paddies were the main contributors to surface water (55.7%). Other contributions to surface water were from aquaculture (20.6%) and waste water (23.7%). Using the defined parameters and input data, nitrogen loads in Hai Duong province were estimated for a scenario in 2020. The MFA model is a useful tool that will support managers and authorities in assessing the economic development plan of Hai Duong province. It will also provide researchers with useful input data and information for dealing with environmental issues in Cau River Basin
Effect of Substrate to Inoculum Ratio on Methane Production and Organic Matter Removal during Solid State Anaerobic Digestion of Beef Manure and Sawdust Mixture
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the optimal substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratio for solid state anaerobic digestion (SS–AD) of beef manure and sawdust bedding mixtures. The organic material removal and methane yield performance were evaluated at five different S/I levels (1, 2, 4, 50, and beef manure alone on a VS basis) for 49 days at 37°C. Results showed that biodegradable volatile solids (BVS) reduction of beef manure alone test unit was 76% which was not significantly different from the rest of all inoculated test units. The methane production potential of all five test units showed similar levels (135 to 154 mL/g VS), regardless of S/I ratio. Although it showed similar methane production potential, the beef manure alone and S/I ratio 50 test units showed the highest methane yields of 7.3 and 7.2 based on the volume of methane produced per volume of digester, respectively. In addition, when considering utilization efficiency of the available digester volume, the beef manure alone treatment was 15% higher than that of the S/I ratio 50 treatment. These results reveal that the beef manure and sawdust bedding mixture does not require inoculation to improve SS–AD performance
A Study on Policies to Improve Wood self-sufficiency in South Korea
No full textAlthough the wood self–sufficiency in South Korea up to 2007 was not even 10%, it has recently begun to increase gradually, reaching 16.7% in 2014. This improvement in wood self–sufficiency is the result of various forestry policies to expand the gradually maturing supply of domestic wood. Broadly, there were two types of policies to improve wood self–sufficiency, established as part of the Fifth National Forest Plan (2008–2017). The first are policies to ensure a stable supply of domestic timber, such as properly timed felling of forest trees that have reached cutting age and species conversion in forests of low value. Such policies will be able to supply an additional 600,000m3 of domestic timber per year. The second type of policy is based on the time during which wood can be sold for the best price, in order to increase the income of forest owners by relaxation of the standard cutting ages. The standard cutting age for oak trees has been shortened from 50 to 25 years, and the standard cutting age for larch trees (Larix leptolepis) has been relaxed from 40 to 30 years. Relaxing the standard cutting ages will increase the timber harvest, leading to a growth in domestic timber production of 265,000m3 per year. As a result, wood self–sufficiency is forecasted to reach 21% by 2017
The historical background of the Seima-Turbino transcultural phenomena
No full text1.はじめに 2.セイマ・トルビノ青銅器群の広がり 3.前2千年紀前半の草原地帯におかる社会像 4.問題の所在 5.方法と資料 5.ロストフカ墓地の分析 7.考
