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Word knowledge and word usage - Representations and processes in the mental lexicon
Get PDFThe final NetWordS Conference, held on the 30th and 31st of March, and 1st of April 2015 in Pisa, was convened by Prof. Pier Marco Bertinetto, Dr. Vito Pirrelli and Dr. Claudia Marzi, and brought together 91 participants (scholars, Post-Docs, PhD students) from numerous European, and some non-European, countries. A 3-day schedule involved all participants in a focused, cross-disciplinary discussion on representations and processes in the mental lexicon. People are known to understand, memorise and parse words in a context-sensitive, opportunistic way, by caching their most habitual and productive processing patterns into routinized behavioural schemes, similarly to what we observe for sequences of coordinated motor acts. Speakers, however, do not only take advantage of token-based information such as frequency of individual, holistically stored words, or episodic memories of word usage, but they are also able to organise stored word forms through abstract paradigmatic structures (or word families) whose overall size and distribution are important determinants of lexical categorisation, inference and productivity. Lexical organisation is, in fact, not necessarily functional to descriptive economy and minimisation of storage, but appears to be influenced by more dynamic, communicationoriented functions such as memorisation, prediction-based recognition and production. Lending support to this view, usage-based approaches to word processing have recently offered novel explanatory frameworks that capitalise on the stable correlation patterns between lexical representations on the one hand and process-based operations that make representations functional to communicative exchanges on the other hand. By focusing on the battery of cognitive functions supporting verbal communication (ranging from input recoding to rehearsal, access, recall and coactivation) and by exploring their psycholinguistic correlates and neuroanatomical substrates, these approaches promote a new view of language architecture as an emergent property of the interaction between language-specific input conditions and low-level, domain-specific cognitive predispositions
Indagini su DDT e sostanze pericolose nell\u27ecosistema del Lago Maggiore. Programma 2013-2015. Rapporto annuale 2014. Presentazione
No full textNot availablePresetazione del volume "Indagini su DDT e sostanze pericolose nell\u27ecosistema del Lago Maggiore. Programma 2013-2015. Rapporto annuale 2014"
Cryptic species in the zooplankton hindering our understanding of ecological processes
Get PDFSpecies identification for most ecological and applied purposes (e.g. biological monitoring, environmental assessment, etc.) is performed through the analysis of morphological features of the organisms collected in the wild and sorted individually. There are growing evidences that several complexes of cryptic species (i.e. species that cannot be identified from morphology) exist in the zooplankton, and that different cryptic species within a single morphological species may respond differently to environmental drivers, because they represent different evolutionary entities with different ecological adaptations. Such differences can represent serious hindrances to our understanding of biological drivers and correlates of biodiversity if the species complexes are not solved. I will report few examples from on-going analyses on aquatic and limno-terrestrial rotifers to support such scenario and provide suggestions on how molecular tools could provide useful avenues to get pass such impasse
Pseudosmittia fabioi Boggero, Zaupa & Rossaro, 2014 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) a new junior synonym of Prosmittia verae Krasheninnikov & Makarchenko, 2008
No full textPseudosmittia fabioi Boggero, Zaupa & Rossaro, 2014 was found to be conspecific with Prosmittia verae Krasheninnikov & Makarchenko, 2008 after examination of original description and illustrations. Accordingly, Ps. fabioi is placed in junior synonymy with Pr. verae, new synonymy. The transfer of Ps. fabioi to the genus Prosmittia allows to state that the female of Ps. fabioi (Boggero et al., 2014) is the first description of the female of the genus Prosmittia
"Un viaggio alla scoperta di Internet" in "Tuttoscuola n. 548"
No full textL\u27articolo descrive l\u27impegno del Registro .it a diffondere la cultura di Internet nelle scuole primarie, secondarie di primo e secondo grado, evidenziando soprattutto le grandi opportunit? offerte da questo mezz
A Privacy-Aware Framework for Decentralized Online Social Networks
Get PDFOnline social networks based on a single service provider suffer several drawbacks, first of all the privacy issues arising from the delegation of user data to a single entity. Distributed online social networks (DOSN) have been recently proposed as an alternative solution allowing users to keep control of theirprivate data. However, the lack of a centralized entity introduces new problems, like the need of defining proper privacy policies for data access and of guaranteeing the availability of user\u27s data when the user disconnects from the social network. This paper introduces a privacy-aware support for DOSN enabling users to define a set of privacy policies which describe who is entitled to access the data in their social profile. These policies are exploited by the DOSN support to decide the re-allocation of the profile when the user disconnects from the socialnetwork.The proposed approach is validated through a set of simulations performed on real traces logged from Facebook
Offloading cellular traffic with opportunistic networks: a feasibility study
Get PDFThe widespread diffusion of powerful mobile devices with diverse networking and multimedia capabilities, and the associated blossoming of content-centric multimedia services is contributing to the exponential increase of data traffic in cellular networks. Mobile data offloading is a promising technique to cope with these problems, which allows to deliver data originally targeted for cellular networks to complementary networking technologies. Among the various forms of mobile data offloading in this study we focus on offloading through opportunistic networks. Differently from previous studies in this field we evaluate the efficiency of opportunistic offloading schemes by using a real cellular traffic dataset collected in a large metropolitan area over a period of one month. We focus our analysis on video requests for popular video providers, and we evaluate the potential benefits of using an opportunistic data dissemination scheme to request this videos from local users instead of using the cellular network. As a benchmark, we compare the performance of such system with a simple caching mechanism. We show that a simple opportunistic offloading scheme can improve the performance of the caching system even if only 10% of the users participate in the opportunistic dissemination. This means that operators could offload their network efficiently without needing to deploy additional caching infrastructure
Offoading service provisioning on mobile devices in mobile cloud computing environments
No full textMobile cloud computing is one of the facets of cloud based systems, whereby mobile nodes obtain services from a global remote cloud platform in a more efficient way with respect to local service execution. Unfortunately, recent forecasts on cellular bandwidth (that is the key enabler for this paradigm) pose significant challenges to the practical applicability of this approach. In this paper, we explore a complementary mobile cloud computing solution, where mobile nodes can also rely on other nodes in the vicinity that could provide the sought service. These nodes are contacted via direct communication based on WiFi or Bluetooth, which therefore offloads traffic from the cellular network. In the proposed system, mobile nodes decide dynamically whether to access global or local cloud services based on the availability of the latter in their vicinity, and the load on the cellular network. Simulation results show that this solution provides lower average service provision times with respect to an alternative based exclusively on a remote cloud. As a side effect, such a system avoids cellular congestion and possible saturation, even in case of significant load
Healthy Aging through Pervasive Predictive Analytics for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Chronic Conditions
Get PDFThe current aging of the population is linked to many societalchallenges, especially in healthcare. Co-morbid chronic conditionsare prevalent in older age and drastically affect people?swellbeing, but they are difficult to study due to the many healthdeterminants involved. For this reason, we propose amultidisciplinary ICT-based approach for the prevention andrehabilitation of chronic conditions using unobtrusive andpervasive sensors, interactive activities, and predictive analytics.This framework allows fine monitoring of older people?s healthand improved personalized care for healthy aging. To illustrate theadvantages of this pervasive and data-driven approach we setforth a conceptual model, in which we use cardiovascular disease,Alzheimer?s disease, depression and falls as examples of commonco-morbid conditions in older people
Social Media for the Common Good: the case of EARS
Get PDFNatural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes and floods, are just some of the devastating events that may have catastrophic consequences on wide geographical areas. A quick and targeted response to emergencies greatly contributes in mitigating the losses. In recent years we have witnessed to many situations in which crowds of volunteer citizens have helped emergency responders via the use of widespread social media. Here we argue that technology can help in supporting the population, as well as the decision makers, by introducing tools that enhance the collective awareness level, providing quick yet accurate insights into the unfolding emergency. In this short paper we introduce the EARS system, a social media-based system that supports decision makers during earthquake emergencies in Italy. We discuss the implications and the responsibility related to the usage of such systems by the decision makers. Also, we discuss on how publicly opening systems like EARS to the population might change the problem approach and we introduce relevant opportunities and issues that this solution would imply.