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On the key role of droughts in the dynamics of summer fires in Mediterranean Europe.
No full textSummer fires frequently rage across Mediterranean Europe, often intensified by high temperatures and droughts. According to the state-of-the-art regional fire risk projections, in forthcoming decades climate effects are expected to become stronger and possibly overcome fire prevention efforts. However, significant uncertainties exist and the direct effect of climate change in regulating fuel moisture (e.g. warmer conditions increasing fuel dryness) could be counterbalanced by the indirect effects on fuel structure (e.g. warmer conditions limiting fuel amount), affecting the transition between climate-driven and fuel-limited fire regimes as temperatures increase. Here we analyse and model the impact of coincident drought and antecedent wet conditions (proxy for the climatic factor influencing total fuel and fine fuel structure) on the summer Burned Area (BA) across all eco-regions in Mediterranean Europe. This approach allows BA to be linked to the key drivers of fire in the region. We show a statistically significant relationship between fire and same-summer droughts in most regions, while antecedent climate conditions play a relatively minor role, except in few specific eco-regions. The presented models for individual eco-regions provide insights on the impacts of climate variability on BA, and appear to be promising for developing a seasonal forecast system supporting fire management strategies
A proposito di acqua: la newsletter del CNR Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi di Verbania Pallanza
No full textNo abstract available- DIDATTICA ALL\u27ISE: Al CNR-ISE anche la divulgazione a supporto dell\u27attivit? didattica gioca un ruolo rilevante. Ogni anno giungono numerose richieste di visite scolastiche da parte di istituti di vario grado e non solo della nostra Provincia... - CNR-ISE E STEP = UN PASSO AVANTI NELLA BAT RICERCA: L\u27ordine dei chirotteri, nome scientifico con cui vengono designati i pipistrelli, annovera oltre 1300 specie, corrispondenti a pi? di un quinto dei mammiferi conosciuti. ... i ricercatori del CNR-ISE hanno avviato una collaborazione con la Stazione Teriologica Piemontese (STeP) per la realizzazione di progetti di ricerca volti allo studio dell\u27ecologia di questi interessanti animali e delle minacce e/o alterazioni ambientali che possono costituire fattori di rischio per la loro sopravvivenza... - IN RICORDO DI DUE CARI AMICI E COLLEGHI: LUIGI BARBANTI E GIUSEPPE MORABITO: ? un anno triste il 2017. In questi primi mesi, l\u27Istituto ha infatti perso due cari amici e colleghi
Vulnerability of European freshwater catchments to climate change
No full textClimate change is expected to exacerbate the current threats to freshwater ecosystems, yet multifaceted studies on the potential impacts of climate change on freshwater biodiversity at scales that inform management planning are lacking. The aim of this study was to fill this void through the development of a novel framework for assessing climate change vulnerability tailored to freshwater ecosystems. The three dimensions of climate change vulnerability are as follows: (i) exposure to climate change, (ii) sensitivity to altered environmental conditions and (iii) resilience potential. Our vulnerability framework includes 1685 freshwater species of plants, fishes, molluscs, odonates, amphibians, crayfish and turtles alongside key features within and between catchments, such as topography and connectivity. Several methodologies were used to combine these dimensions across a variety of future climate change models and scenarios. The resulting indices were overlaid to assess the vulnerability of European freshwater ecosystems at the catchment scale (18 783 catchments). The Balkan Lakes Ohrid and Prespa and Mediterranean islands emerge as most vulnerable to climate change. For the 2030s, we showed a consensus among the applied methods whereby up to 573 lake and river catchments are highly vulnerable to climate change. The anthropogenic disruption of hydrological habitat connectivity by dams is the major factor reducing climate change resilience. A gap analysis demonstrated that the current European protected area network covers <25% of the most vulnerable catchments. Practical steps need to be taken to ensure the persistence of freshwater biodiversity under climate change. Priority should be placed on enhancing stakeholder cooperation at the major basin scale towards preventing further degradation of freshwater ecosystems and maintaining connectivity among catchments. The catchments identified as most vulnerable to climate change provide preliminary targets for development of climate change conservation management and mitigation strategies
AIUCD e CLiC-it: citazioni bibliografiche a confronto
No full textThe paper suggests the analysis of the bibliographic references - enclosed in the proceedings of the Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics - CLICit in 2014-2015 biennium and of five AIUCD Conference editions 2012-2016 . The analysis moves from the principle of relevance of citation in the transmission of knowledge in a period of great socio-cultural changes and important developments in the production and dissemination of the results in the scientific research. The purpose of the study is to measure the range of resources cited in this area of knowledge by the use of indicators aimed in understanding their wideness, the time extension, the variety, the relations with the publishing world and the reference models. The observation of the results allows to classify the cited document, to describe its characteristics and to assess any changes compared to the traditional citation mode.Il lavoro propone l\u27analisi e il confronto dei riferimenti bibliografici delle cinque edizioni annuali della Conferenza dell\u27Associazione per l\u27Informatica Umanistica e la Cultura Digitale (AIUCD) e del primo biennio (2014-2015) della Conferenza Italiana di Linguistica Computazionale (CLiC-it) per misurare la direzione in cui si muove il trend citazionale.. L\u27analisi muove dal principio di rilevanza della citazione nella trasmissione della conoscenza in un periodo di grandi cambiamenti socioculturali e di importanti evoluzioni nelle modalit? di produzione e diffusione dei risultati della ricerca scientifica. Lo scopo dello studio ? quello di misurare la gamma delle risorse citate in questa area del sapere mediante l\u27uso di indicatori volti a comprendere la loro ampiezza, l\u27estensione temporale, la variet?, le relazioni con il mondo editoriale e i modelli di riferimento. L\u27osservazione dei risultati consente di classificare i documenti citati, di descriverne le caratteristiche e di valutare eventuali trasformazioni rispetto alle modalit? di citazione tradizionali
L\u27ACQUA NELLE TERRE ALTE: un percorso di ricerca attraverso il sistema alpino. Premessa
No full textNot availableIntroduzione al convegn
Il contributo della citizen science allo studio dei laghi nelle Terre Alte
No full textNot availableLa Citizen Science (CS), letteralmente "scienza dei cittadini", pu? essere definita come una tecnica di ricerca che prevede il coinvolgimento del pubblico nella raccolta di dati scientifici, o pi? in generale l\u27impiego di volontari in progetti di ricerca. Negli anni pi? recenti la comunit? scientifica internazionale, efficacemente supportata dalla tecnologia e dagli strumenti di comunicazione, sta vivendo un rafforzamento della collaborazione tra pubblico e ricercatori, tra amatori e specialisti tematici
STRESYL: An Italian Stress-in-Syllables database for reading research.
No full textDuring the last few decades, empirical research on reading has shown increasing interest in syllable units. More recently, stress assignment has become a particular focus of interest. The relation between syllables and stress, however, has yet to be investigated for Italian. In this paper, we describe a new database, STRESYL, that can help researchers to investigate the relation between syllables and stress in Italian. STRESYL offers type and token measures relating stress information to syllable units, both in terms of syllable forms and syllabic structures
Estimating invasion success by non-native trees in a National Park combining world view-2 very high resolution satellite data and species distribution models
No full textInvasion by non-native tree species is an environmental and societal challenge requiring predictive tools to assess invasion dynamics. The frequent scale mismatch between such tools and on-ground conservation is currently limiting invasion management. This study aimed to reduce these scale mismatches, assess the success of non-native tree invasion and determine the environmental factors associated to it. A hierarchical scaling approach combining species distribution models (SDMs) and satellite mapping at very high resolution (VHR) was developed to assess invasion by Acacia dealbata in Peneda-Ger?s National Park, the only national park in Portugal. SDMs were first used to predict the climatically suitable areas for A. dealdata and satellite mapping with the random-forests classifier was then applied toWorldView-2 very-high resolution imagery to determine whether A. dealdata had actually colonized the predicted areas (invasion success). Environmental attributes (topographic, disturbance and canopy-related) differing between invaded and non-invaded vegetated areas were then analyzed. The SDM results indicated that most (67%) of the study area was climatically suitable for A. dealbata invasion. The onset of invasion was documented to 1905 and satellite mapping highlighted that 12.6% of study area was colonized. However, this species had only colonized 62.5% of the maximum potential range, although was registered within 55.6% of grid cells that were considerable unsuitable. Across these areas, the specific success rate of invasion was mostly below 40%, indicating that A. dealbata invasion was not dominant and effective management may still be possible. Environmental attributes related to topography (slope), canopy (normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi), land surface albedo) and disturbance (historical burnt area) differed between invaded and non-invaded vegetated area, suggesting that landscape attributes may alter at specific locations with Acacia invasion. Fine-scale spatial-explicit estimation of invasion success combining SDM predictions with VHR invasion mapping allowed the scale mismatch between predictions of invasion dynamics and on-ground conservation decision making for invasion management to be reduced. Locations with greater potential to suppress invasions could also be defined. Uncertainty in the invasion mapping needs to be accounted for in the interpretation of the results
Plant invasion and speciation along elevational gradients on the oceanic island La Palma, Canary Islands
No full textEcosystems that provide environmental opportunities but are poor in species and functional richness generally support speciation as well as invasion processes. These processes are expected not to be equally effective along elevational gradients due to specific ecological, spatial, and anthropogenic filters, thus controlling the dispersal and establishment of species. Here, we investigate speciation and invasion processes along elevational gradients. We assess the vascular plant species richness as well as the number and percentage of endemic species and non-native species systematically along three elevational gradients covering large parts of the climatic range of La Palma, Canary Islands. Species richness was negatively correlated with elevation, while the percentage of Canary endemic species showed a positive relationship. However, the percentage of Canary-Madeira endemics did not show a relationship with elevation. Non-native species richness (indicating invasion) peaked at 500 m elevation and showed a consistent decline until about 1,200 m elevation. Above that limit, no non-native species were present in the studied elevational gradients. Ecological, anthropogenic, and spatial filters control richness, diversification, and invasion with elevation. With increase in elevation, richness decreases due to species-area relationships. Ecological limitations of native ruderal species related to anthropogenic pressure are in line with the absence of non-native species from high elevations indicating directional ecological filtering. Increase in ecological isolation with elevation drives diversification and thus increased percentages of Canary endemics. The best preserved eastern transect, including mature laurel forests, is an exception. The high percentage of Canary-Madeira endemics indicates the cloud forest\u27s environmental uniqueness- and thus ecological isolation-beyond the Macaronesian islands