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Did \u3ci\u3eDobbs\u3c/i\u3e Reduce the Supreme Court\u27s Legitimacy?
No full textThis thesis examines the impact of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision on public perceptions of the Supreme Court\u27s legitimacy. Over the two decades preceding Dobbs, the Roberts Court had already become the center of intense debate over judicial impartiality, driven by an increasingly politicized series of high-profile rulings. Dobbs generated an unprecedented level of media attention and partisan commentary. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study combines longitudinal analysis of national survey data on trust and confidence in the Court with content analysis of editorial and scholarly reactions before and after June 2022. Findings reveal a statistically significant decline in perceived impartiality and legal neutrality following Dobbs. This research demonstrates how intensified politicization of the judiciary and high-stakes rulings can erode institutional legitimacy, offering broader implications for the health of constitutional democracy and the future of judicial review
Black Artists in Conversation With Black Grief
No full textBlack Artists in Conversation With Black Grief is a creative thesis project that examines how Black and Diasporic artists engage the topic of Black grief.. This exhibition includes the following artworks: Love Is The Message, The Message Is Death (2016), a short documentary by Arthur Jafa, Icon of a Revolution (2020), a mural by Peyton Scott Russell, an excerpt of Wole Soyinka\u27s words from the 2020 Hekima Series, and Blackhood: A Living Archive (2021), a sculpture by Ndidi Dike. These artworks are also in conversation with artworks: choose to be happy (2022) (title should have a strikethrough), Mourning Daunte\u27s \u27Justice\u27 (2022), and Through Your Eyes Brother (2023), created and presented by student researcher and Black American artist, Morrison Atlas. This exhibition aims to provide a creative introduction to technical research that is still being conducted by Atlas on Black grief
Interfacial Gap Prediction in Laser Welding of Pure Copper Overlap Joints Using Multiple Sensors.
No full textIn this study, a novel approach was proposed for predicting the interfacial gap in copper overlap joints by using deep learning and multi-sensor fusion. In this method, an image sensor, a spectrometer, and optical sensors tomography (OCT) sensors were used to develop and validate deep learning models under various gap conditions. The results revealed that the variation in melt pool dimensions, changes in keyhole behavior, intensity variations at specific wavelengths, and keyhole depth derived from the OCT data could be used to accurately predict the interfacial gap. Among the proposed models, a binary gap classification model achieved the highest accuracy of 98.8%. The spectrometer was the most effective sensor in this study, whereas the image and OCT sensors provided complementary data. The best performance was achieved by fusing all three sensors, which emphasizes the importance of sensor fusion for precise gap prediction. This study provides valuable insights into improving weld quality assessment and optimizing manufacturing processes
Once Upon an Early Writing Experience: Connecting Memory with Literacy Instruction in Pre-Service Teacher Education
No full textThrough a narrative-based case study design, this research connects pre-service teachers’ early writing memories with their studies in writing instruction to explore how multi-layered and multi-faceted writing experiences across time and space influence teaching beliefs and practices. This article invites audiences to vicariously experience these pedagogical encounters, reflect on journeys to becoming writing teachers, and shed light onto the implications of teaching early writing. Comic artifacts and interview data were collected from nine pre-service teachers who learned to teach early writing/language arts in a four-year public university in the Inland Northwest. Based on the participants’ comics and narratives, four themes were identified, including becoming positive encounters, mentors, and role models; valuing writing as a social practice; encouraging writers’ agency and choices; and creating a safe and inclusive writing environment. Their shared stories and reflections inspire construction, deconstruction, and transformative reproduction of values in teaching and new potential in the performance of becoming future writing teachers
Thorstein Veblen: the Independent Thinker Whose Contributions Advanced a Distinct Tradition of Heterodox Economics
No full textChallenging Charles Camic’s perspective, this article argues that Thorstein Veblen’s time at the top amounted to about nineteen years; a fraction of his professional career. While drawing from and building upon challenges associable with a changing world which he faced – related to the ending of Laissez-faire and the rise of big business; the institutions initiated for prosecuting World War I; and the accompanying rise of the vested interests – Veblen’s writings effectively and propitiously provided a solid foundation for an American school of heterodox thought known as Original Institutional Economics
Effect of Pore Structure on Void Formation in Lotus Type Porous Cu/solder Joints
No full textVoid formation in solder joints is a critical reliability challenge in high-power electronics, as it degrades thermal dissipation and mechanical integrity. This study investigates a novel structural approach to mitigate this issue. The influence of an uni-directional porous structure in lotus-type porous Cu (Louts Cu) on void formation in solder joints was investigated. All pores in lotus Cu were infiltrated with SAC305 (Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu) solder paste. Then reflow soldering was performed under three different atmospheric conditions: air, nitrogen, and vacuum. The microstructure and void fraction were characterized. The shear strength was evaluated. The shear strength of Louts Cu joint was slightly higher than that of non-porous Cu joint. The characterization of void fraction in joints exhibited that lotus Cu joint is lower than that of non-porous Cu joint
ROCK: Riesz Occupation Kernel Methods for Learning Dynamical Systems
No full textWe present a representer theorem for a large class of variational problems, generalizing regression, finite element methods, and providing techniques for learning partial and ordinary differential equations (PDEs and ODEs). We apply our formulation to the multivariate occupation kernel method (MOCK) for learning dynamical systems from data. Our generalized method outperforms the MOCK method on most tested datasets, while often requiring considerably fewer parameters. Experiments are presented for learning ODEs and PDEs
Prediction-Powered Inference for Clinical Trials: Application to Linear Covariate Adjustment
No full textPrediction-powered inference (PPI) (Angelopoulos et al., Science 382(6671):669-674, 2023) and its subsequent development called PPI++ (Angelopoulos et al., 2023) provide a novel approach to standard statistical estimation, leveraging machine learning systems, to enhance unlabeled data with predictions. We use this paradigm in clinical trials. The predictions are provided by disease progression models, providing prognostic scores for all the participants as a function of baseline covariates. The proposed method would empower clinical trials by providing untreated digital twins of the treated patients while remaining statistically valid. The potential implications of this new estimator of the treatment effect in a two-arm randomized clinical trial (RCT) are manifold. First, it leads to an overall reduction of the sample size required to reach the same power as a standard RCT. Secondly, it advocates for an imbalance of controls and treated patients, requiring fewer controls to achieve the same power. Finally, this technique directly transfers any disease prediction model trained on large cohorts to practical and scientifically valid use. In this paper, we demonstrate the theoretical properties of this estimator and illustrate them through simulations. We show that it is asymptotically unbiased for the Average Treatment Effect and derive an explicit formula for its variance. We then compare this estimator to a regression-based linear covariate adjustment method. An application to an Alzheimer\u27s disease clinical trial showcases the potential to reduce the sample size
Demystifying the Plea Process: Investigating Attorney Communications and Client Misconceptions
No full textObjective: to study issues related to the lawyer and client interaction regarding building a legal position on the case and the plea process.Methods: the article uses the universal dialectical method of cognition, as well as general (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and specific scientific research methods (formal-legal method).Results: As the United States has shifted to “a system of pleas,” the role of defense attorneys has swung from trial litigator to plea negotiator. The study results indicated that defense attorneys spend a significant amount of time meeting with clients. Attorneys also cited substantial deficits in criminal defendants’ knowledge of the legal system, as well as many misconceptions regarding legal procedures. The respondents provided a diversity of responses regarding the most important advice they offer their clients with many mentioning facts related to the case resolution process, the direct and collateral consequences associated with a criminal conviction, the role of the defense attorney, and the importance of the right to silence. Further, over half of the attorneys surveyed indicated a general hesitance and 15.0% – an outright refusal to provide an explicit plea recommendation to their clients.Scientific novelty: The plea process is complex, and defense attorneys play a critical role in this process. The current work highlights how that role has potentially evolved – moving from adviser to educator and evaluator. More qualitative data collection like this is needed to illuminate how attorneys influence defendants’ decision-making rather than just whether they do and by how much. This type of research on “expanded criminal defense lawyering” often goes above and beyond typical outcomes, and instead focuses more on the process, such as plea negotiations and effective attorney-client communication, and often incorporates the defendants’ perspectives. Such studies will inform future avenues for research and how best to operationalize attorney-client communication. The research substantiates the need to reduce the burden on defense attorneys by making it easier for them to ensure that their clients are meeting the knowing and intelligent requirements for plea decisions.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to building a legal position on the case and the plea process
Faith vs. Morality: Do Viewpoints of Protestant Christians Attending PSU Align With Anti-Transgender Legislation Being Proposed in Oregon?
No full textTransgender-identifying individuals living within the US face significantly higher rates of discrimination and harassment compared to the general US population. Recently, there have been thousands of legislative measures introduced with the intent of limiting the rights of Transgender and other LGBTQ identifying individuals. Christian Americans are significantly more likely than irreligious Americans to be against various rights for Transgender people, such as the ability to participate in sports or use restrooms that correlate with their self-identified gender rather than their biological sex. Research indicates that recent anti-transgender legislative measures introduced in several states is in part driven by the large percentage of the US population that identifies as Protestant Christian. The majority of Christian-identifying Americans identify as Protestant as opposed to Catholic, with nearly forty eight percent of the total US population practicing a Christian faith that falls under a branch of a Protestant denomination.
The aim of this thesis is to gain an understanding of the viewpoints of Protestant Christian-identifying students at PSU and if they align with anti-transgender legislation being proposed in Oregon. Six PSU students who identify as Protestant Christian were interviewed to collect information of their viewpoints on two anti-transgender rights Oregon senate bills, OR HB4054 and OR HB4143. Qualitative coding was used to identify emergent themes within the students\u27 responses, including heavy credence in the idea of personal freedom and concerns over the implications the two bills may have if put into practice