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Gender Differences in Dishonesty when Leaders Make Decisions on Behalf of Their Team
No full textThis study examines the ethical dilemma faced by leaders, balancing financial gains and ethical considerations, with a focus on gender differences. We experimentally study such a dilemma in which leaders can benefit their teams at the expense of moral costs from dishonest reporting. We measure, first, individual dishonesty preferences and, second, reporting decisions for teams in a leadership role using outcome-reporting games in a laboratory setting. Individual dishonesty preferences predict men’s propensity to apply for leadership. We further find that women have lower initial dishonesty preferences compared to men but increase dishonesty when assuming leadership roles. A follow-up study indicates that women leaders act dishonestly when they expect that most team members also report dishonestly. When leadership roles are randomly assigned rather than self-selected, we find no statistically significant difference in how women and men respond to them
Towards Scalable Schema Mapping Using Large Language Models
No full textThe growing need to integrate information from many diverse sources poses significant scalability challenges for data integration systems. These systems often rely on manually written schema mappings, which are complex and costly to maintain. While recent advances suggest that large language models (LLMs) can assist in automating schema mapping, key challenges remain. We motivate future research in schema mapping generation by highlighting key challenges, presenting a competitive bidirectional schema matching pipeline, and exploring the limitations of current methods for generating more complex mappings
One Health Policy Communities’ Perspectives on Zoonoses Risk Factors and Management: A Multiple Qualitative Methods Approach
No full textZoonoses emergence and endemicity are serious global public health problems that disproportionately affect low-resource settings. One Health (OH) serves as a framework to understand the interconnection of zoonoses risk factors and incentivizes collaboration, coordination, and communication among sectors. However, OH encounters barriers related to power imbalances, gaps in coordination, and conflicts of interest among diverse communities of practice, which are groups that share a problem and domain of interest and engage in collective learning. This research aims to elucidate the mental models of policy communities, which are representations of the environment, and how humans explain and predict their surroundings to describe their perspectives on zoonoses’ risk factors and management. We used a multiple methods approach, including qualitative system dynamics and rapid qualitative methods (RQM), to describe the perspectives of policy communities regarding the drivers of zoonoses emergence and endemicity and the complexity of zoonoses management. Participants included national and sub-national policy makers and key informants integral to zoonoses programs in Peru, including representatives of human, animal, and environmental systems. We completed 77 semi-structured interviews from June 2023 to November 2023, and the final analytical sample included 75 interviews, excluding 2 incomplete interviews. Participants’ mental models were represented with synthesized systems dynamics diagrams. Main themes and quotes from the RQM added context to the diagrams and described participants’ perspectives regarding zoonoses management complexity. Representatives from animal, human, and environmental public organizations described a similar structural conceptualization of the risk factors related to pets, humans, wildlife, and livestock, identifying economic, social, and environmental risk factors linked to zoonoses emergence and endemicity. Central themes include: global structural economic and social forces; factors affecting biodiversity and natural reservoirs; environmental changes; medical and public health services; country economic factors; rural reliance on farming and limited funding; agricultural factors; and water, hygiene, and sanitation-responsive governance. The system dynamics diagrams illustrated interrelationships between pet, human, wildlife, and livestock populations. However, risk factors related to zoonoses affecting livestock were more prominently represented. Participants recognized the need to apply OH to address zoonoses; however, contextual factors, such as regional adaptation, were necessary in poor rural areas. The study’s results inform about value systems that guide political action and decision making among the diverse OH communities of practice. A similar application in high-income settings could identify differences in zoonoses’ risk factors that may not be related to rural vulnerability or poverty. Further research is needed to describe the interconnection of organizational factors associated with OH collaborations. One Health impact statement Zoonoses control and prevention require collaboration, communication, and coordination among disciplines, organizations, communities, and regions. In this context, policy communities with different perspectives and agendas require a shared understanding of the problem to align their interests for collaboration. One Health provides an adequate framework for context-specific analysis of the policy process, incentivizing the inclusion of various levels of government and sectors. Our study investigated policy communities’ perspectives on the drivers and consequences of zoonoses’ emergence and endemicity in a low-resource setting. We included policy makers and experts from national and sub-national Peruvian organizations in animal, environmental, and human systems. This study examines the existing policy process and narratives surrounding the prevention and control of zoonoses in Peru. It is the first step to understanding how systems could be efficient and effective in facilitating multisectoral collaboration and coordination while informing efforts to scale up One Health programs in low-resource settings
Fight, Flight, Freeze 2: An Update on Tenants’ Responses to Eviction Across Urban and Rural Oregon
No full textIn the original Fight, Flight, Freeze (FFF) report, the Evicted in Oregon researchers reported on the experiences of tenants who faced eviction during the COVID-19 pandemic and their access to resources. This brief provides updated analysis, now including 121 tenants with eviction experiences in Oregon. The analysis includes 13 new focus groups with tenants in both rural and urban Oregon, focusing on the type of support they received while navigating eviction. These groups represent tenants from diverse backgrounds.
Using the fight-flight-freeze framework, we analyzed tenants\u27 reactions to eviction. We also report the resources they accessed after being threatened with eviction and describe the broader effects of eviction, including impacts on health and family stability.
Our findings highlight three outcomes and impacts tenants experience when navigating the threat of eviction: Tenants who received formal support were able to remain housed after facing the threat of eviction. Tenants mainly relied on friends and family for temporary housing. Tenants encounter housing, health, and financial hardships during and after eviction.
These findings align with the first FFF report, reinforcing that formal support is crucial for keeping tenants housed and that additional services are necessary to assist tenants through eviction. We conclude by outlining recommendations to prevent eviction and support tenants in the eviction process
The Realities of Roadkill: Challenges and Opportunities for Wildlife Transportation Mitigation
No full textTransportation infrastructure is critical for our communities and economies, but the roadways we depend on for travel have significant negative impacts on wildlife populations. Roadkill is the most visible consequence, with tens of millions of animals injured or killed on Oregon’s roadways each year. Beyond direct mortality, transportation corridors fragment habitat and can alter wildlife behavior, creating barriers that disrupt wildlife movement and access to critical resources, contributing to population declines. Despite these challenges, opportunities exist for mitigation, including the use of wildlife crossing structures, autonomous animal detection systems, and smarter project siting. This talk will explore the multifaceted challenges transportation infrastructure poses to wildlife populations and highlight successful mitigation strategies. By better integrating ecological principles into transportation planning, we can develop infrastructure that supports both human mobility and wildlife conservation goals.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/trec_seminar/1266/thumbnail.jp
Trends in Private Equity Acquisitions of Assisted Living Facilities.
No full textThis cross-sectional study examines trends in private equity acquisitions of assisted living facilities across the US
Cultural Ecologies and Local Policies: A Comparative Analysis
No full textIn recent years, the role of arts and culture in economic development, community outreach, and local government has become focused on as a field of study. However, this is a new field of academic study, and there have not been many systematic comparative analyses of the role of arts and culture at the local level. Indeed, there is limited information at the state and federal level as well. Historically undervalued and underrepresented, yet with a streak of elitism involved, arts and culture is now being looked at as a major economic driver and social connector by policymakers at all levels of government, with a positive effort coming from cities and county governments. However, this political will erodes the higher one goes in jurisdiction, with state and federal governments choosing to slash arts and culture funding as an elective aspect of life that has no economic value at first glance. This work aims to rebut this argument and make the claim that investing in arts and culture will lead to positive socioeconomic outcomes if it is done properly, utilizing an observational-qualitative method to approach the subject with a trio of case studies proving the economic potential of the arts and showcasing the value of arts and culture beyond the economic, especially its place in both community building and arms-length level local policy. The study is by no means exhaustive but aims to add to the limited existing literature and provide guideposts for further, more in-depth research and analysis into the field
A Study on Fuzzy Time-Series and its Applications to Stock Price Forecasting
No full textFuzzy mathematics looks to incorporate the vagueness that exists within the real world, specifically regarding imprecise classes, or non-numerical information expressed as linguistic variables. Since most traditional mathematical theories do not have the ability to be applied with the exactness that is otherwise seen in mathematics. As such, there had been many applications of fuzzy mathematics throughout many different fields of mathematics, including that of forecasting. By exploring the fundamentals of fuzzy mathematics, including fuzzy sets, operations of fuzzy sets, the surface level introduction to fuzzy logic, fuzzy relations, operations of fuzzy relations, and fuzzy time-series, this work looks to analyze a stock price forecasting model to show how fuzzy time-series can be utilized in stock price forecasting. Additionally, an enrollment forecasting model is utilized to help introduce the methods and specific operations that were utilized to generate one of the first fuzzy time-series forecasting models
Experience from a Distance: Improving Transparency for the Multnomah Athletic Club
No full textPortland is home to the largest and one of the most prestigious athletic clubs in the world: Multnomah Athletic Club. In many ways, it is the pinnacle of luxury and innovation, and over time, it finds any way to entice prospective members to pay the expensive upfront fee of 300. Due to the previous technological barrier, which was not being able to see the full extent of what amenities the club had to offer, the club faced major challenges in recruitment and marketing. Over two academic terms, a team of six computer science capstone students, including myself, from Portland State University, undertook a project to close the space that was a complication for the club. This essay will detail the process we undertook to develop a comprehensive, interactive virtual tour for the MAC. Many of the elements included creating a custom web application that integrates 360-degree photography, a third-party tour platform, and a dynamic, interactive mapping system to provide an immersive, intuitive, and informative experience. In this writeup of my experiences along with the rest of my team, I will detail the initial project motivations, the technical architecture, the collaborative development process, the unexpected challenges encountered, and the crucial lessons learned in delivering a software solution that aligned both the academic requirements my team had to meet and the sponsor\u27s professional vision of how it would help shape the future of the club
Visual Literacy Instruction at Scale: Developing Asynchronous Learning Objects for First-Year Art and Design Students
No full textWhile learning modules are not new to academic librarianship, student-centered, asynchronous learning modules are an innovative approach not commonly considered within the academic librarianship literature. This article discusses the development and implementation of visual literacy asynchronous learning modules created by two librarians for a cohort of first-year studio art students. In creating these modules, the goal was to offer studio art students visual literacy instruction specific to their personal interests and future careers. Specifically, this article discusses the module design process and how student-centered learning can be incorporated into modules in order to offer deep learning opportunities