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Revising and Consolidating the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Into a Dimensional Spectrum-Based Disorder: A Literature Review
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the clinical, cultural, and theoretical implications of replacing the current DSM-5 and ICD-11 categorical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) with a unified dimensional framework: trauma spectrum disorder (TSD). The proposed TSD model addresses ongoing concerns around diagnostic inflation, treatment misalignment, and clinical confusion stemming from binary trauma categorizations. This thesis explores whether adopting a dimensional diagnostic model to replace DSM-5 and ICD-11\u27s current PTSD and CPTSD designations could lead to improved treatment outcomes and diagnostic clarity.
Methodology consisted of an extensive literature review of the field\u27s current research. Using the Portland State University Library\u27s online research database collection, databases Academic Search Premier, Annual Review of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Online, PubMed, PsycINFO, PTSDPubs, and ScienceDirect were used to find relevant research to my topic using keywords such as PTSD, CPTSD, BPD, personality disorders, ICD-11, ICD-10, DSM-5, DSM-III, three factor model, trauma spectrum, dissociation, trauma, DSO, trauma-informed, trauma therapy, DBT, and IFS.
Key findings support the validity of a three-factor model (PTSD, CPTSD, BPD) and highlight serious shortcomings in both the DSM-5 and ICD-11\u27s current frameworks. Existing literature shows some support for dimensional over categorical diagnostic models, provided cultural sensitivity and clinical nuance are crucially preserved. Based on this, a new diagnostic proposal--TSD--is introduced, offering a scalable, patient-centered model that better aligns with empirical data and lived clinical realities
Overt Representation and Subtle Clues A Study of Queer Book Descriptions in English, Croatian, and Serbian
Get PDFMost commonly, a book description is the first contact one has with the contents of a book. It is the elevator pitch on the back of the book or the Amazon page that tries to sell you your next read among literally millions of competitors. In book publishing terms, a book description is a piece of metadata that follows the book throughout its marketing life. It is usually a one to three paragraph description of the book, including the setting, main characters, and some (spoiler-free) plot summary, but also usually includes themes and tone, comparative titles, and potentially author background and accolades. Overall, it is the main piece of metadata that makes it all the way to the ultimate customer, that is, the reader. When it comes to readers who seek out queer books, the book description can be what makes a reader pause and say oh, this book is for me. Note: as a member of the community, I feel that “queer” is the concise, broadly encapsulating term that my peers use to define themselves, and this is the term I will use throughout my paper. Feel free to substitute LGBTQ+ or another preferred term if you desire. This research aims to analyze what are the common features in book descriptions that clue a reader into the queer content, whether those features are overt or subtle.
What initially motivated me to pursue this research was a passing comment from a successful literary agent of children’s and YA books that agencies “don’t even try” to sell the rights to books with queer characters or themes in Eastern Europe (mainly Poland and Russia). This prompted me to think about my personal experience living in the western Balkans (Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina), where there has been a significant, overall positive, shift in the acceptance of queer identities in the last decade or so. I wanted to know whether it was true that queer books weren’t sold in Eastern Europe, and immediately realized the landscape was richer than I expected, so I shifted from asking if queer books are sold in the Balkans to how they are sold
Translating Legalese: Deconstructing Lease Language for New Renters
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the relationship between legal English and the general public, focusing on the challenges laypersons encounter in reading contract language. By examining specific linguistic features of legal writing, along with the systems and practices of US law, this research highlights the problematic disconnect between the complexity of legalese and the fluency level of average citizens in this specialized variety of English. This issue is particularly salient in the realm of rental agreements for housing, given the mounting housing crisis and historically high eviction rates in the state of Oregon. The culmination of this research is a digital guidebook titled Translating Legalese: A Guidebook for Renters, intended to support tenants in navigating the landlord-tenant relationship and to facilitate greater literacy in the legal register. Designed to be accessible to the general public, the guidebook aims to narrow the imbalance of power created by opaque and archaic language forms and to empower renters to better self-advocate for their rights
Data For: Chronic, Low Concentration Pesticide Exposure Alters Reproduction and Behavior in the Intertidal Sea Anemone, \u3ci\u3eAnthopleura Elegantissima\u3c/i\u3e
No full textWidespread pesticide and herbicide use paired with frequent transport away from application sites has led to pesticide presence in nearly all terrestrial and aquatic environments globally. Pesticides have unintentional toxic effects on non-target organisms by interfering with cellular processes, behavior, feeding, reproduction, and disrupting endocrine processes. The aggregating anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima is an important species along the North American Pacific coast due its symbiotic relationships that contribute to high productivity, and its clonal abundance that structures the rocky intertidal habitat. Commonly used pesticides, atrazine, diuron, and carbendazim were previously detected in coastal waters of Oregon, U.S.A. This study examined potential effects of these pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations on reproduction, symbiont concentrations, and behavior of A. elegantissima over an eight week period. Pesticides individually and in combination significantly decreased male gonad development in atrazine (p \u3c 0.001), carbendazim (p \u3c 0.001), two-way mixture (diuron and carbendazim) (p = 0.05), and a three-way mixture (p = 0.08) treatments. All pesticide treatments significantly increased cloning behavior compared to the control, suggesting that cloning could be a stress response. Pesticide exposure also significantly increased tentacle retraction movement suggesting possible metabolic or energy impairments; our study is the first to document behavioral changes in anemones. All three pesticides significantly impacted a non-target marine invertebrate at environmentally relevant concentrations which underscores the importance of studies that focus on effects to marine invertebrates, paired with comprehensive pesticide monitoring in coastal areas
An Exposition of Probabilistic Polynomials and Hamming Nearest Neighbors
Get PDFThis paper is an exposition of the paper Probabilistic Polynomials and Hamming Nearest Neighbors by Josh Alman and Ryan Williams. It presents the findings of this paper in a more accessible format for Computer Science students earlier in their career who may not be as familiar with Computational Theory and its concepts as their PhD counterparts are. The paper assumes that the reader has a basic understanding of Algorithms and Complexity, typically obtained in an introductory level Algorithms course.
The paper by Alman and Williams analyzes a specific problem known as the Hamming Nearest Neighbor problem. All known solutions for this problem had a runtime of n2 or greater prior to this paper. Alman and Williams derive a subquadratic time algorithm for a variation of this problem known as the Batch Hamming Nearest Neighbor (BHNN) problem. The authors use various Lemmas and Theorems (some new, some old) in order to achieve the subquadratic time algorithm. This is done using a probabilistic polynomial combined with known mathematical concepts. Then, once the subquadratic time algorithm is achieved, the authors show how it can be applied to the problems of computing pairs with maximum inner product, finding the closest pair in ℓ1 for vectors with bounded integer entries, and pairs with maximum Jaccard coefficients. This exposition will go over each part of the original paper. The critical parts of this paper such as theorems and lemmas will be listed followed by explanations and examples to provide further context and understanding
The Potential for Improv as a Therapeutic Tool in the Context of Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Suggestions for DBT Clinicians
Get PDFThis thesis explores the theoretical and practical intersections between improvisational theater and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), proposing that the core tenets of improv closely align with the philosophical foundation and therapeutic goals of DBT. Aimed at mental health professionals, this work provides a conceptual framework and praxis for incorporating improv-based activities into DBT skills training to enhance client engagement, experiential learning, and emotional resilience. Through an examination of improv theory, parallels with DBT principles, and practical suggestions for integration, the thesis outlines how applied improvisation can be used as a supplemental tool in traditional DBT treatment. The final section includes a curated selection of short-form improv games, along with recommendations for corresponding DBT worksheets and handouts, to support clinicians in bringing these ideas into clinical practice
Effect of IPV on Latino Children\u27s Perspectives of Fatherhood
Get PDFIntimate partner violence (IPV) can be found in many cultures throughout the world, with varying levels of acceptability, victimization, and perpetration. Approximately one in five couples report experiencing at least one instance of IPV in a given year. Women are victims of IPV more frequently than men, and experience more severe injuries. 20% of women report a lifetime history of physical IPV victimization by their current or past partners. Further, women are also ten times more likely to be killed due to IPV than men are. Presently, empirical research literature surrounding the dynamics and impacts of IPV is heavily focused on heterosexual female victims\u27 reports and perspectives, while less is known about male perpetrators\u27 attitudes regarding their use of IPV and how to effectively and efficiently change their abusive behaviors. Extensive amounts of effort have been made to consider how certain risk factors (e.g., cultural beliefs, customs, and intergenerational violence) might affect men\u27s use of IPV behaviors For example, cultures that value honor have been found to be more accepting of physical violence and other beliefs that can contribute to IPV
Structural Earthquake Resiliency of Rocking Core Systems with Floor Enabled Recentering
Get PDFThe growing need for structural earthquake resiliency, coupled with increasing demands for environmentally sustainable construction, has driven architects and engineers to emphasize the importance of earthquake-resistant mass timber multistory construction in regions prone to high seismic activity. With advancements in building technologies, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has emerged at the forefront of this movement by unlocking new potentials for urban development.
Motivated by the aforementioned demands, this PhD dissertation investigated lateral behavior and earthquake response of a novel lateral force-resisting structural system, known as Floor Recentering Rocking Core (FLR-ROCR). FLR-ROCR is a low-damage recentering mass-timber system that leverages restoring interactions between rocking core walls and floor diaphragms to deliver a recentering mechanism. In contrast to previous recentering systems, FLR-ROCR is designed to eliminate the need for post-tensioning configurations. Structural ductility is ensured through hysteretic energy dissipation via plasticity of replaceable U-shaped Flexural Plates (UFPs) integrated within hold-down devices. This innovative design enables the system to facilitate rapid post-earthquake recovery by effectively responding to large earthquake demands.
First, a brief discussion of theoretical foundations of the basic mechanics of FLR-ROCR is presented. Performance states are identified within the elastic zone, and the overall recentering and hysteretic behavior of the system are evaluated using preliminary findings from numerical cyclic pushover analysis, and simplified analytical equations. To validate the analytical and numerical analysis, the findings are compared with the results from full-scale cyclic quasi-static experiments, conducted on a single-bay one-story CLT specimen.
Then, a more comprehensive version of the system mechanics is elaborated by developing in-depth analytical equations supporting the theoretical expectations. Two design setups are outlined as potential configuration alternatives, suitable for incorporating FLR-ROCR in architectural plans of core-layout buildings. Analytical equations are developed for each configuration to investigate both the component- and the system-level performance in multistory buildings. All performance and damage states (i.e., limit states), within both the elastic and plastic zones, are identified and boundary conditions corresponding to each limit state are determined. A more advanced numerical technique is further presented to model nonlinearity of the CLT wall fibers and evaluate limit states within the plastic zone. The results from the analytical equations and numerical nonlinear cyclic pushover-analysis are discussed for a 5-story building example incorporating both configuration setups.
Finally, the earthquake response of FLR-ROCR is investigated through a series of full-scale shake-table experiments on a single-bay one-story CLT specimen. The specimen is subjected to eleven simulated ground motions, including scaled records of 2010 Maule Chile (8.8Mw) and 2011 Tohoku-Oki Japan (9.1Mw) subduction megathrust earthquakes. Advance numerical nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on the specimen model. White-noise and free-vibration tests are conducted to estimate the first-mode dynamic characteristics of the specimen for both linear-elastic and bilinear-elastic response segments. System-level performance is further investigated by focusing on earthquake response, recentering performance, and ductility levels for both the system and UFPs. Eventually, low-damage performance of the system, the rocking contribution to the system behavior, and the influence of vertical inertia on the response are evaluated
Tweeting the Past, Present, and Future of Social Welfare: Public Political Speech, Cultural Resonance, and Debates about Defunding the Police
No full textSocial welfare is not a frequent topic of discussion in mainstream American culture. In mid-to-late 2020, however, that changed. This study analyzes over 20,000 public tweets sent at the height of protests over George Floyd\u27s murder in the summer of 2020. Specifically, I focus on demands to defund the police, which became the subject of sustained attention and debate across many scales and spheres of public life. Defunding the police was not just about policing and criminal justice; for many, it was about the priorities of modern society itself, including evaluation of what public safety means, who is responsible for it, and what strategies governmental and/or community-based entities might use to achieve it. Social welfare was a key element of these timely and expansive conversations.
I specifically sought to answer the question, How does social welfare fit in public debates about defunding the police? I created an original dataset of 20,000+ tweets and analyzed them using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach. Data analysis took two primary forms: first, I examined manifest elements of social welfare (e.g., the presence or absence of particular forms of social welfare); second, I examined latent elements like the sociocultural, political and economic contexts and assumptions that shape peoples\u27 understanding of social welfare, including what is perceived as within the realm of possibility.
Findings indicate an absence of traditional conceptions of the welfare state. At the same time, I find a strong presence of counter-hegemonic, emergent, and aspirational conceptions of social welfare grounded more in community than government. These findings are interpreted through a range of theoretical frameworks, including: political economy; prison abolition; social movement framing; and cultural resonance in political discourse.
Overall, this study offers rare insight into the contours of social welfare as it resides in one segment of the American public imagination. The movement to defund the police is a critical intervention in political discourse with the potential to alter engrained beliefs and taken-for-granted assumptions, although the social welfare component of defund faces significant barriers to wider cultural acceptance
Near Convexity and Generalized Differentiation
Get PDFIn this paper, we introduce the concept of nearly convex set-valued mappings and investigate fundamental properties of these mappings. Additionally, we establish a geometric approach for generalized differentiation of nearly convex set-valued mappings and nearly convex functions. Our contributions expand the current knowledge of nearly convex sets and functions, while providing several new results pertaining to nearly convex set-valued mappings