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The Biggest Outing of the Year : Hops, Harvest, and the Making of Oregon\u27s Largest Annual Gathering, 1880-1930
No full textWhen the end of August came around, all kinds of people started rolling into the little town of Independence, Oregon. Some walked, some came by train, others by wagon, and still others by ferry, motorboat, and canoe. There were Armenians, Swedes, Chinese, Japanese, Indians, Russians, Germans, and Indigenous peoples. There were those who were called fruit tramps, individuals and families who managed to bridge the vast distances across the West to harvest whichever crop needed hands. Entire families arrived, young and old, healthy and sick, with horses, mules, chickens and dogs in tow. Rich men came dressed as poor men and Eastern boys came dressed as cowboys. Groups of school-aged children ran through the crowd while their guardians attempted to rein them in. Young women from the city and the country, alone or in groups, came in droves. Some came dressed for the occasion while others were already in their harvest garb. More and more and more came; thousands upon thousands of people, making their way from nearly every curve of the globe.
From roughly 1880 to 1930, thousands of people dedicated the end of their summer to picking hops in the Willamette Valley, specifically the area surrounding Independence, Oregon, a place deemed by one contemporary journalist the Hop Center of the World. Altogether, the annual hop-picking migration to the area regularly reached upwards of 40,000 people. At the time, the only place in the entire state with a larger population was Portland. For three to five weeks, this group of strangers would come together to create the largest and most diverse gathering in the Pacific Northwest.
This gathering was shaped by the unique qualities of the hops\u27 biology, the push and pull of capital and labor, and the opportunities and constraints of Oregon\u27s environment. While various scholars have written about the hop harvests, this paper focuses on how and why hops were the plant around which these massive gatherings came to be around the turn of the twentieth century. By understanding the forces which created and shaped the annual harvest, we can begin to understand the impacts it had on those who came, worked, gamboled, brawled, found love, and returned year after year to the endless, fragrant rows. These fields were one of the few places in which the different people of the region found themselves encountering one another. The hop managed to wound its way into each of their stories, climbing across space and time to pull them together in ways which otherwise would never have happened
Interventions for Online Gambling Addiction With Vulnerable Populations
No full textThis paper looks at the modern rise of online gambling, what has been done to address it, and how we can improve upon them in the future. Online gambling is gambling done through a digital medium with two distinct forms: gambling adjacent activities (GAAs), and general online gambling. GAAs are activities that highly resemble gambling, but are legally distinct from gambling due to different kinds of obfuscation like using in-game currency to gamble instead of directly real world money. General online gambling is much clearer about it being gambling with many kinds of gambling activities to partake in from digital slots to online sports betting. The impact can be felt across two distinct age groups: adolescents and adults. Adolescents are mainly affected by gambling adjacent activities due to the lack of strict age limits to engage in GAAs, and as a result GAAs act as a gateway to more severe kinds of gambling. Adults are mainly affected by general online gambling with its ease of access and variety of gambling activities to engage with, and as a result this exacerbates existing gambling addictions. Interventions into this issue of online gambling come in two main forms: legal interventions and individual interventions. Government interventions are focused on restrictions or bans of online gambling, but these suffer from a variety of issues such as lack of enforcement, lengthy process of being implemented, and the possibility of that intervention being repealed. Individual interventions come in more variety, and are generally more effective and reliable than government interventions, but these still come with their own issues. While individual interventions come in many forms, many of those forms have yet to show any significant results in reducing harmful gambling behavior. Since many of these interventions have not been explored in great detail, this paper suggests that these interventions could be reworked to better suit the ever growing problems that online gambling poses
Lattice Thermal Transport Beyond the Quasiparticle Approximation: Nontrivial Spectral Competition Between Three- and Four-Phonon Interactions
No full textThe breakdown of the quasiparticle approximation (QPA) for phonons in strongly anharmonic materials necessitates advanced first-principles frameworks for accurate lattice dynamics and thermal transport predictions. We develop a comprehensive beyond-quasiparticle approximation (BQPA) approach incorporating both three- (3ph) and four-phonon (4ph) interactions and apply it to investigate lattice thermal conductivity (κL) in MgO, PbTe, and AgCl – materials that span a broad spectrum of anharmonicity, from weak to severe anharmonic regimes with overdamped phonons. We reveal that while BQPA consistently increases κL relative to QPA due to phonon softening when considering only 3ph interactions, the inclusion of additional 4ph interactions hardens the phonon spectrum and suppresses this enhancement, bringing BQPA and QPA predictions into close agreement via subtle spectral competition effects across all three compounds. These findings highlight that accurate modeling of κL in strongly anharmonic materials requires treating both full phonon spectral function and higher-order anharmonicity on equal footing. Our work establishes a systematic framework for modeling thermal transport in systems with overdamped phonons and provides critical insights for materials design beyond the limits of conventional phonon transport theory
I Like the Idea in Theory : Experiencing the Imperial Matrix through Legal Gender Marker Changes and Nonbinary Disidentifications
No full textSince 2018 twenty-two states and the District of Columbia have implemented administrative changes that provide a third gender option on at least one state identification document allowing nonbinary and intersex people the opportunity to select a gender marker that reflects their gender identity. This study draws from 28 interviews with agender or otherwise nonbinary people living in Maryland and California. I use queer of color and critical trans theory to consider the implications of legal gender marker changes. This research explores how social, historical, and geographical location can influence ones\u27 awareness of, experiences with, and relation to real and imagined power that shapes and constrains life chances and choices. While all participants had complex forms of nonbinary subjectivity, the data shows a variety of perspectives related to legal gender markers changes. Some participants find value in state recognition and regulation of nonbinary subjectivity, while others are suspicious of the increased surveillance and risks related to larger scale intersectional implications that extend beyond individual-level benefits. This work explores the how nonbinary people disidentify with gender, and the ways community, family, relationships, work, media, and movement shapes decisions around gender marker choices
Adaptive Image Acquisition Algorithms for Resource-Constrained Single-Photon Cameras
No full textEmerging single-photon camera (SPC) technologies have unique challenges in data acquisition and processing. Unlike conventional sensors that produce a single 8- to 16-bit brightness value per pixel, SPCs record photon arrivals with many more samples per pixel, using high floating-point precision for each photon collected. This means that they must handle potentially millions of timestamps, especially at higher spatial resolutions and in the presence of ambient light, creating bottlenecks within the pixel circuitry. To address these challenges associated with SPCs, this paper proposes adaptive algorithms designed to efficiently distribute hardware resources among groups of pixels. By selectively subsampling the data entering the sensor, the proposed approach significantly reduces system load and opens new paths toward high-quality HDR imaging using SPCs at high spatial resolutions
Sex and the Genetic Architecture of Mitonuclear Evolution
No full textMy dissertation explores the complex interactions between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) and aims to reveal how mitochondrial genomes coevolve in response to states of mitonuclear dysfunction utilizing experimental evolution studies with Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. First, I review the current state of C. elegans and other studies that have explored mitonuclear interactions and highlight how Caenorhabditis are excellent model systems for studying these interactions. Here I identify gaps in current knowledge and propose future research questions. Second, I expand upon my co-authored publication, Bever et al. (2022), that provided an incomplete test for the mitonuclear sex hypothesis and explored the impacts of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction and different mating systems on fitness evolution within a single ETC mutant strain. I sought to answer whether and to what extent populations experiencing different types of mitonuclear dysfunction can recover fitness after evolving in large populations sizes across 60 generations. In alignment with theory, I found that the amount of recovery depended on ancestral starting fitness--which was conflated with the effects of ETC genomic location. I also found no correlation between mtDNA copy number and evolved fitness. Third, I investigated the mitochondrial genomic signatures of evolution that occurred in response to the mitonuclear mismatch and ETC dysfunction. Here I identified 116 mtDNA variants that arose during the 60 generations of laboratory evolution and analyzed their locations, mutational spectra, and potential impacts of the alternative proteome. Chapter 5 synthesizes my findings and outlines fruitful avenues of future study
Survey of Aquatic Invasive Plants in Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes and Ponds
No full textSeven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for aquatic invasive weeds during the summer of 2025. These survey results support the US Forest Service and collaborators’ preparations for an upcoming National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) effort to provide coverage for management actions. Center for Lakes and Reservoirs previously surveyed selections of these waterbodies in 2011 and 2009. For this survey, staff sampled 44-105 points per waterbody, and recorded species frequency, species proportion, and water depth. Surveyed waterbodies predominantly featured diverse native plant communities with 12 to 25 aquatic and emergent species. However, the invasive yellow floatingheart (Nymphoides peltata) was abundant at Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek watershed. Yellow floatingheart has been classified by the Oregon Department of Agriculture as a Class A noxious weed and can alter hydrology, exclude native species, and clog water deliverance systems. Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) was detected at two waterbodies; it is not a listed weed but is an invasive species that causes environmental harm. It is recommended for USFS staff and collaborators to emphasize periodic early detection of aquatic invasive species and stay up to date on the best practices for yellow floatingheart management
Time Synchronization for 5G and TSN Integrated Networking
No full textEmerging industrial applications involving robotic collaborative operations and mobile robots require a more reliable and precise wireless network for deterministic data transmission. To meet this demand, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is promoting the integration of 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). Time synchronization is essential for deterministic data transmission. Based on the 3GPP’s vision of the 5G and TSN integrated networking with interoperability, we improve the time synchronization of TSN to conquer the multi-gNB competition, re-transmission, and mobility problems for the integrated 5G time synchronization. We implemented the improvement mechanisms and systematically validated the performance of 5G+TSN time synchronization. Based on the simulation in 500m x 500m industrial environments, the improved time synchronization achieved a precision of 1 microsecond with interoperability between 5G nodes and TSN nodes
Exploring Positional Knowledge: Using Theory To Teach Bias
No full textIn this article, the authors explain how librarians can use positionality theory to understand how students produce value judgments around questions of bias, authority, and credibility. Librarians can help guide students to recognize the student’s own positionality when approaching issues of bias. Students are often instructed to choose credible sources for their research, which they often interpret as sources that avoid bias. Source evaluation tools and checklists, such as the CRAAP test and SIFT, also tell students to watch out for biased language. Unfortunately, many people, students and librarians alike, misunderstand bias and fail to recognize its significance in the information search process. Positionality theory, which locates individuals within their social context, offers librarians a way to conceptualize bias’s function in information literacy as a social construct in order to teach students about the complexity of bias
Mass Timber: The Future of Sustainable Architectural Design
No full textThe current state of Mass Timber structures is in an interesting state at the moment; Mass Timber adoption has become a recent trend that has been taking place very recently. This is due to a number of factors, mainly the technology for mass timber has grown substantially, as well as human consciousness of our negative impact on the environment has led to a deep rethinking about how we build. In this paper, I examine what exactly mass timber is, why it is being used and what are the future and current benefits and challenges facing mass timber in modern design and construction? To answer some of these questions and understand the recent renaissance of mass timber, I looked into three different case studies from three separate states on the west coast of the United States, those being Portland, Seattle and San Francisco. I chose these three separate states, due to their geographical proximity to each other, but also the differences in each state\u27s codes and regulations for construction. I chose the Heartwood Apartments in Seattle Washington, 1 De Haro in San Francisco and the Schnitzer Art and Design building in Portland Oregon. All three are mass timber, while two are commercial or private and the last is apartments. To get a wide range of knowledge and scope I talked to two experts in the field of mass timber, one an architect, another a manufacturing and fabrication designer for Timber Lab a mass timber fabrication lab in Portland Oregon. With the expert\u27s knowledge, I looked into building codes and the fire resistance of mass timber structures to better understand the safety and viability of mass timber in commercial and residential settings. In the study I found that cost is still higher for mass timber structures, leading to mass timber being used in select projects and design accents rather than being the main structural component. Yet the fire resistance of mass timber is significantly high with a fire rating of 90 minutes, which is considered \u27good\u27 on the scale of fire resistance tests. Typical being an FR of 120 for a regular building. The most significant discovery about mass timber structures is the sustainability and reusability of wood as a material. As well as emotional and aesthetically delightful qualities of mass timber and wood in general benefit everyone. For future projects and design firms thinking of implementing mass timber into their designs, for now the cost is still greater than traditional methods however the emotional, spiritual and aesthetic qualities of wood and mass timber remain an appealing aperture of architecture and design. The future is bright for mass timber, with new generations aware of the impact humanity has on nature, perhaps our future is going back to our roots