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Supporting Resource Equity for Oregon’s Home Visiting Workforce: Exploring Program Model and Regional Differences
Get PDFPrenatal and early childhood home visiting is an effective strategy for promoting positive birth outcomes, improving family well-being and preventing child abuse and neglect. One key to successful services is having a strong, well-supported home visiting workforce. In Oregon and nationally, this critical workforce is facing a crisis as programs struggle to hire and retain skilled home visitors, and workers face low pay, difficult working conditions and high job stress.
This learning brief is the second in a series to share findings from a 2023 survey of Oregon’s home visiting workforce, which provides a wealth of information about how to improve and support workforce well-being and retention, with a focus on the needs and experiences of home visitors of color and those who speak languages other than English
Educators\u27 Perceptions on the Involvement of Students with Complex Support Needs in PBIS: the Role of Educational Placement
No full textPositive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is an evidence-based practice that promotes positive academic and behavioral outcomes for all students and is intended to support the needs of all students across three tiers of support. However, research suggests students with complex support needs have limited access to Tier 1 PBIS. Teachers’ perceptions of the appropriateness of PBIS to meet the needs of students with complex support needs has been hypothesized to impact the extent to which educators provide access to Tier 1. Using data from a national survey of 644 educators, we sought to determine the extent to which educational placement of students with complex support needs impacted teacher perception of the importance of providing Tier 1 PBIS. Our results suggest educators across placements agree students with complex support needs should be involved in PBIS, including acknowledgment systems and response and data plans. Educators differed in their ideas of how to teach school-wide rules and expectations and how to document behavioral violations. We discuss implications of these findings for research and practice
Reflecting on the Quality of a Methodologically Pluralist Evaluation of a Large-Scale Indigenous Health Research Collaboration in Australia
Get PDFIndigenous communities worldwide lead calls for all evaluations of research, programmes and policies affecting their communities to reflect the values, priorities and perspectives of the Indigenous peoples and communities involved. Tools, such as the Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT), are available to assess research quality through an Indigenous cultural lens. Good evaluation requires that evaluation efforts be evaluated. We found that critical reflection on the quality of evaluations from an Indigenous perspective is largely absent from the published literature. To ensure that we strive for quality in evaluation as determined by Indigenous people with whom we work, we examined the quality of our own evaluation of an Indigenous health research collaboration by conducting a reflexive dialogue
The Formation of a Dialect: An Examination of the History, Characteristics, and Evolutions of Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish
Get PDFLos Angeles Vernacular Spanish (L.A.V.S) or Español Vernacular de Los Àngeles is a non-standard regional dialect of Spanish rooted in the history and culture of Los Angeles Country, California. It is a sub-dialect of Chicano Spanish which has mainly existed in the Southwestern U.S for centuries. It relates to other varieties of U.S Spanish that have been influenced by macro-dialects other than Mexican Spanish. Like other forms of U.S Spanish, L.A.V.S has long been considered an imperfect manner of speaking or poorly formed Spanish instead of a dialect due to language contact with English. However, new dialects and languages are formed out of such language contact. In this study, the history of L.A.V.S will be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico and Spain to the late 20th Century to establish the migration patterns that contributed to the formation of this dialect. From there, the features of L.A.V.S will be examined in comparison to standard forms of Spanish to show that L.A.V.S is a distinct dialect
Faculty Senate Monthly Packet October 2024
Get PDFThe October 7, 2024 monthly packet includes the October agenda, appendices, and the Faculty Senate minutes and attachments from the meeting held October 7, 2024
The Influence of Eyewitnesses and Police Tip Line Reports: An Exploratory Case Study of a 2005 Homicide
Get PDFPublic tip lines provide the public to provide information to the police when there is an ongoing investigation. These public tip lines could increase investigations where the public is being made aware of the investigation, increasing the amount of information being brought forward. Research focuses on how tips reporting is similar to eyewitnesses in that individuals recall information. The literature illustrates how the media can influence the tips. The study is an exploratory content analysis looking at potential themes or patterns that emerged from analyzing the tips and patterns of the tip line and media files related to an Illinois homicide case from 2005. The results identified eight primary themes, five themes in the media files, and three regarding themes that were among the tip line. The results from the analysis ranged from racial bias to the media’s ability to create a narrative and how the influence of memories can be distorted. The discussion focuses on how the media can shape tips being reported. Limitations and implications are further discussed
Equations to Predict Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Amazon Rainforest Fires
Get PDFEarth systems models (ESMs), which can simulate the complex feedbacks between climate and fires, struggle to predict fires well for tropical rainforests. This study provides equations that predict historic carbon monoxide emissions from Amazon rainforest fires for 2003–2018, which could be implemented within ESMs’ current structures. We also include equations to convert the predicted emissions to burned area. Regressions of varying mathematical forms are fitted to one or both of two fire CO emission inventories. Equation accuracy is scored on r2, bias of the mean prediction, and ratio of explained variances. We find that one equation is best for studying smoke consequences that scale approximately linearly with emissions, or for a fully coupled ESM with online meteorology. Compared to the deforestation fire equation in the Community Land Model ver. 4.5, this equation’s linear-scale accuracies are higher for both emissions and burned area. A second equation, more accurate when evaluated on a log scale, may better support studies of certain health or cloud process consequences of fires. The most accurate recommended equation requires that meteorology be known before emissions are calculated. For all three equations, both deforestation rates and meteorological variables are key groups of predictors. Predictions nevertheless fail to reproduce most of the variation in emissions. The highest linear r2s for monthly and annual predictions are 0.30 and 0.41, respectively. The impossibility of simultaneously matching both emission inventories limits achievable fit. One key cause of the remaining unexplained variability appears to be noise inherent to pan-tropical data, especially meteorology
Wired for Success: A Neurobiological Approach to Improving the Academic Outcomes of Middle School Boys
Get PDFMale accomplishment in scholastic settings has been declining globally for the last decade, leading to long-term consequences for boys and men. Possible neurobiological underpinnings of the gender gap in education are discussed in this literature review. While male and female differences have, in the past, largely been considered socialized, recent science also confirms neurobiological variances between male and female development. These distinctions are assessed for their potential ties to the decline in male academic success, and are correlated to classroom practices, strategies and interventions meant to increase boys\u27 engagement and performance
A Novel Maximum Likelihood Based Probabilistic Behavioral Data Fusion Algorithm for Modeling Residential Energy Consumption
Get PDFThe current research effort is focused on improving the effective use of the multiple disparate sources of data available by proposing a novel maximum likelihood based probabilistic data fusion approach for modeling residential energy consumption. To demonstrate our data fusion algorithm, we consider energy usage by fuel type variables (for electricity and natural gas) in residential dwellings as our dependent variable of interest, drawn from residential energy consumption survey (RECS) data. The national household travel survey (NHTS) dataset was considered to incorporate additional variables that are not available in the RECS data. With a focus on improving the model for the residential energy use by fuel type, our proposed research provides a probabilistic mechanism for appropriately fusing records from the NHTS data with the RECS data. Specifically, instead of strictly matching records with only common attributes, we propose a flexible differential weighting method (probabilistic) based on attribute similarity (or dissimilarity) across the common attributes for the two datasets. The fused dataset is employed to develop an updated model of residential energy use with additional independent variables contributed from the NHTS dataset. The newly estimated energy use model is compared with models estimated RECS data exclusively to see if there is any improvement offered by the newly fused variables. In our analysis, the model fit measures provide strong evidence for model improvement via fusion as well as weighted contribution estimation, thus highlighting the applicability of our proposed fusion algorithm. The analysis is further augmented through a validation exercise that provides evidence that the proposed algorithm offers enhanced explanatory power and predictive capability for the modeling energy use. Our proposed data fusion approach can be widely applied in various sectors including the use of location-based smartphone data to analyze mobility and ridehailing patterns that are likely to influence energy consumption with increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption
Organizational Reliability and Resilience As a Dynamic System: Knowledge Modeling with Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Get PDFSafety research in complex environments recommends that high-hazard industries improve reliability and increase their capacity for resilience by enacting principles for high-reliability organizing (HRO). This view has been highly influential in many industries, ranging from aviation to hospitals, and is at the core of many safety culture programs. However, even though HRO principles originated in business practice and were observed in diverse organizations, practitioners frequently struggle to enact them in the contexts of their work. This is likely caused by two limitations of current research: principles are insufficiently specified and the interdependencies between them, such as mutually reinforcing vs. tradeoff relationships, are poorly understood, forcing practitioners to fill in the gaps based on experience and intuition. In response, this study develops a generalized system model of organizational reliability (ORM), based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map modeling. that reflects two sources of knowledge: academic research literature on HRO and practitioner knowledge in a specific safety context, namely the offshore oil and gas industry. The FCM-based ORM (FORM) is tested through simulation and evaluated through focus groups with industry experts. Findings show challenging interdependencies between HRO principles and the role of industry-specific conditions, which necessitate context awareness and system perspective