37200 research outputs found
Sort by
H2D: Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph Learning Framework for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction
Get PDFAccurately predicting Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) is critical to designing effective drug combination therapies. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered DDI prediction approaches have emerged as a new paradigm. However, most existing methods oversimplify the complex hierarchical structure within molecules and overlook the multi-source heterogeneous information external to molecules, limiting their modeling and predictive capabilities. To address this, we propose a Hierarchical Heterogeneous graph learning framework for DDI prediction, namely H2D. H2D employs an internal-toexternal, local-to-global hierarchical perspective, exploiting intramolecular multi-granularity structures and inter-molecular biomedical interactions to mutually enhance across hierarchical levels. Extensive experimental results demonstrate H2D’s effectiveness on three real-world DDI prediction tasks (binary-class, multi-class, and multi-label). In sum, H2D achieves state-of-the-art performance in DDI prediction by leveraging the multi-scale graph structures, opening up new avenues in AI-powered DDI prediction
The French Resistance and its Forgotten Women
No full textFor several decades after World War II, histories of the French Resistance--written almost exclusively by men--largely ignored the contributions of women. Even now, many historians underplay the extent and importance of women’s participation in the Resistance, treating the subject, in the words of one historian, as “an anonymous background element in an essentially male story.”
In fact, French women were, as one U.S. intelligence official put it, “the lifeblood of the Resistance, crucial to the liberation of France. They collected intelligence, transported arms, escorted Allied pilots caught behind enemy lines to safety, and even led armed bands of Resistance fighters against German targets.
Olson is introduced by PSU Professor of History Katy Barber.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/foh_events/1007/thumbnail.jp
Flexible Load Conformance: A Work-in-Progress White Paper
Get PDFUtilities have used residential loads for providing grid services to utility customers for decades, particularly for demand response. However, the number of customers participating in such programs remains low. New Flexible Load Management strategies for providing grid services have the potential to accelerate customer participation. Efforts to improve customer participation and experience will result in increased load balancing capacity of demand response, which will benefit both customers and electric utilities. This white paper investigates whether current smart grid devices (specifically water heaters) can provide needed services while meeting ANSI/CTA-2045 standard requirements
Emerging Storylines in the Context of the Pandemic for the Mainstreaming of Bicycles in the Transport System
Get PDFUsing Metropolitan Manila in the Philippines as a case study, we investigate how the Covid pandemic has opened up a window of opportunity for the de-legitimization of dominant storylines marginalizing cycling and the legitimization of alternative storylines favoring the mainstreaming of bicycles in urban transport systems. Storylines are condensed summaries of complex narratives deployed as convenient shorthand in discussions. Through a content analysis of posts from ten Facebook groups by cycling advocates, we identify six pairs of contending storylines and their key narratives. Furthermore, through semi-formal interviews and an online survey, we determine the level of agreement and the consensus around agreement with the content of the storylines among a limited sample of respondents representing various backgrounds. Our results suggest that pre-pandemic, delegitimizing storylines resonate more strongly among the respondents. Peri-pandemic, a positive shift has occurred in the social representation of bicycles in Metropolitan Manila, as indicated by the emergence of legitimizing storylines. This does not mean, however, that this positive shift is complete and not challenged anymore. Though a rapid legitimization of pro-cycling storylines has been observed, there is an ongoing contestation against such legitimization. Whether the peri-pandemic cycling gains can be sustained post-pandemic is an open question
Building on Strengths: A Collaborative, Asset-Focused Approach to Teaching Critical Information Literacy Skills
Get PDFThis article showcases an instructor–librarian collaborative model for teaching critical information literacy (CIL) skills in a higher education course by incorporating interactive workshops into a sequence of required course assignments. Using an asset-focused design, this assignment sequence allows students to first demonstrate their existing research strategies and then evaluate those strategies during workshop activities, applying the CIL principles they are learning. In this way, the approach recognizes students’ existing strengths and builds upon them, while emphasizing self-reflection opportunities and an intentional research focus on diversity, equity, inclusion, and representation. Results from our one-year study are also highlighted. The suggested instructional strategies could be adapted to any course with research-related projects
Oregon State Rank Assessment for Obscure Bumblebee (Bombus caliginosus)
Get PDFOregon state conservation status assessment for obscure bumblebee (Bombus caliginosus) using NatureServe methodology, 2024
Investigating Student Expectations, Buy-In, and Engagement in Lower Division Undergraduate Chemistry Labs
No full textLaboratory courses constitute an integral aspect of chemistry education at the undergraduate level. Despite their prominence, a growing number of researchers have begun to think more critically about the value of laboratory learning experiences. As pedagogical decisions should be based on evidence, it is necessary for chemistry education researchers and practitioners to investigate the claim that teaching laboratories are a valuable part of science education. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to address one small section of this gap in the literature by obtaining a more robust understanding of students\u27 expectations, buy-in, and engagement in lower division, undergraduate, chemistry laboratory courses.
To explore these constructs, the learning goals and expectations for the general and organic chemistry laboratories were investigated through the collection of semi-structured interview data from laboratory coordinators and graduate teaching assistants (GTAs), and open-ended written responses from students. Analysis of participant responses indicated that many of the learning goals and expectations were shared between the three groups. That said, there were laboratory coordinator defined learning goals and expectations that were mentioned by very few or no GTAs and students. Additionally, GTAs and students held expectations related to their laboratory experiences that were not described by the laboratory coordinators.
In addition to the qualitative study, this project aimed to develop a quantitative measure of students\u27 laboratory expectations, buy-in, and engagement. To do this, existing survey instruments related these constructs were adapted and psychometrically evaluated. First, the Meaningful Learning in the Laboratory Instrument (MLLI) was adapted to address concerns related to the internal structure of the data generated by the instrument. The resulting new version of the measure was deemed the MLLIv2. Next, the Exposure, Persuasion, Identification, and Commitment measure of was adapted to investigate students\u27 buy-in to faculty defined laboratory learning goals, which were identified via the faculty interviews described above. The resulting measure was named the EPIC-LaG. Finally, a measure of student engagement in general chemistry laboratory courses was lightly adapted for use in this study. The adapted measure, titled the UCL-Engagement exhibited a different factor structure than the original instrument. Throughout the development process, the quality of the data generated by these measures was assessed by collecting evidence in support of internal structure validity, response process validity, single administration reliability, and measurement invariance.
Once functional measures of students\u27 laboratory expectations, buy-in, and engagement had been established, two possible structural models of the relations among these constructs were explored via structural equation modeling. However, the data collected in this study did not provide definitive results that would allow for the selection of one set of relations among students\u27 expectations, buy-in, and engagement over the other. Given this, additional studies (both qualitative and quantitative) are needed to better understand the nuanced relations among these constructs
Sustainability Assessment of Photovoltaic Cells in Cross-Functional Applications
No full textAchieving the G7 countries\u27 net-zero emissions target by 2050 requires integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into diverse cross-functional applications that support sustainable energy transitions across multiple sectors. This dissertation explores the economic and environmental sustainability of three such applications: agrivoltaics, lower-dimensional materials in perovskite solar cells, and PV-electrochemical water-splitting technologies for hydrogen production. Employing life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA), we address the knowledge gap in comprehensive evaluations of PV-integrated solutions.
The first chapter assesses agrivoltaic systems (AVS), which combine PV systems with agriculture to mitigate land-use conflicts while enhancing food and energy production. Findings indicate that AVS designs, particularly 2-axis tracking, outperform conventional PV-only systems in economic viability and environmental impacts, though additional incentives may be required for competitive market integration. In the second chapter, we evaluate lower-dimensional (LD) materials for improving perovskite solar cell stability and efficiency. Results show that LD-PSC configurations using environmentally favorable LD materials, like reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide, offer significantly lower impacts and faster energy payback periods than traditional PV technologies. The final chapter examines the potential of anion exchange membrane (AEM)-based PV-electrochemical (PV-EC) systems for green hydrogen production, achieving competitive levelized costs of hydrogen and favorable environmental profiles, particularly with optimizations in AEM cell life and solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.
This dissertation\u27s findings contribute to advancing PV technology integration, providing insights into the economic and environmental viability of agrivoltaics, LD materials in PSCs, and AEM-based PV-EC systems as scalable solutions for a sustainable energy future
Bipolar Ionization Did Not Reduce Airborne Bacteria in a Lecture Hall
Get PDFIonization treatment of indoor air has attracted attention for its potential to inactivate airborne pathogens and reduce disease transmission, yet its real-world effectiveness remains unverified. We evaluated the impact of an in-duct, bipolar ionization system on airborne particles, including culturable bacteria, in a lecture hall. The ionizer was off with variable fan speed for 1 week, on with variable fan speed for a second week, and on with high and constant fan speed for a third week. We measured ion concentrations and aerosol particle concentrations, and we collected bioaerosol samples for analysis of 16S rRNA gene copies representing total bacteria and colony forming units (CFUs) on Tryptic Soy Agar representing culturable bacteria. There were no significant differences in positive, in-room ion concentrations between any weeks; however, negative, in-room ion concentrations were significantly lower when the ionizer was on with constant fan speed. To account for day-to-day variability in total bacteria concentrations, related to occupancy and other factors, we examined the ratio of CFUs to 16S rRNA gene copies (CFU gc) and found no significant differences whether the ionizer was on or off. This result indicates that the ionizer was not effective at reducing levels of culturable airborne bacteria in this study
\u27T-W-O\u27: External Challenges and Coping Strategies of Chinese Social Work Service Organisations During the Epidemic
Get PDFDuring the peak years of COVID-19, Chinese social work service organisations actively participated in the preventing and controlling of the pandemic. These organisations also faced external challenges that reflected changing public health policies, contractual and fiscal changes, and immense service needs. This paper describes the specific external challenges that a purposive sample of 11 Beijing-based social work service organisations experienced because of the pandemic, as well as the strategies they used to address them. We find that project and fiscal precarity were the greatest external risks faced by social service organisations. In order to mitigate these concerns, the organisations actively explored new directions for service development and programme funding as they sought to change their operational thinking. In order for social service organisations to remain resilient under conditions of immense external risks, they must remain focused on continuously improving and innovating in the delivery of social work services. We provide implications for researchers and organisational leaders