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Uncovering Moral Injury at Work: The Development and Initial Validation of the Moral Injury at Work Scale (MIWS)
Get PDFEmployees frequently encounter situations at work that present moral or ethical dilemmas. Consequently, they may engage in immoral actions, witness moral violations, or fail to intervene when their coworkers behave immorally. Repeated exposure to such moral challenges can lead to moral injury--the damage to one\u27s moral code and self-image resulting from witnessing, failing to prevent, or participating in what is perceived as an immoral act. Despite the potential for moral injury in workplace contexts, research has yet to adequately explore or measure this phenomenon. This dissertation addresses this gap by developing and validating the Moral Injury at Work Scale (MIWS). Across six studies, I confirm a three-factor model of moral injury, showing that the MIWS correlates meaningfully with theoretically relevant constructs (i.e., existing moral injury scales, guilt, shame, moral compass) and remains distinct from unrelated constructs (i.e., justice perceptions, experienced incivility, PTSD, depression, anxiety). The MIWS predicted high burnout and uniquely predicted positive outcomes such as job satisfaction and engagement. The MIWS did not provide incremental validity compared to existing moral injury scales. My results provide preliminary support for the MIWS, contribute to the growing nomological network of moral injury, and provide meaningful areas for future research. I discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results
How Does Frugal Innovation Help Young Firms in the US? the Moderating Roles of Venture Capital Investment and Debt Financing
Get PDFThis study examines the effects of frugal innovation on firm performance among young firms located in the U.S. Though frugal innovation is a concept that originated from innovation practices among emerging market firms, firms in the developed economies have absorbed a frugal mindset and are regularly exercising frugal innovation. We develop a framework for frugal innovation by building on entrepreneurial bricolage theory. One of our research findings shows that young firms in the U.S. find frugal innovation useful in gaining firm performance. In addition, interaction effects on firm performance are tested; those between frugal innovation and venture capital (VC) equity financing and frugal innovation and debt financing are found to be significant. Both moderators are found to weaken the positive effects on firm performance. These findings are interesting because we had initially hypothesized that the interaction effect on firm performance of frugal innovation and VC equity financing would be positive while the moderator that includes debt financing would be negative. This paper contributes to the innovation and entrepreneurship literature by empirically testing frugal innovation, a concept which has not been quantitatively studied thus far. In addition, the study establishes a link between frugal innovation and entrepreneurial bricolage
Does COIL Build Social Capital? Trust, Tolerance, and Political Engagement Among Students in the USA and UAE
Get PDFDespite technological innovation and the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a dearth of experimental research on the effects of virtual instruction. Using an original field experiment conducted among 100 UAE and USA students, we investigate how a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project on international development shapes social trust, tolerance, and political engagement. In an experimental design, UAE-based students were randomly assigned to a group with either their classmates or, through online interaction, with USA-based students, while in a quasi-experimental design, USA-based students collaborated online with UAE-based students. UAE-based COIL students developed greater interpersonal trust of others in their society, but a reduced desire to make friends with Americans. USA-based students developed a greater desire to follow international issues (i.e., political engagement). Proposing a social identity theory (SIT) of social capital formation, we argue that UAE-based students, who live in a society in which social identity is highly salient, redefined their social in-group boundaries and came to see members of their own diverse society more warmly while perceiving greater differences from Americans. By illustrating COIL’s complex effects, our research extends the literature on social capital formation and offers insights for enhancing the benefits of COIL
Characterizing Rainfall Variability Within a Series of Storms Over Northern California in February 2017
Get PDFIn February 2017, a series of storms with associated atmospheric rivers (ARs) made landfall in the US state of California, dropping large amounts of precipitation over the Sierra Nevada Mountains and their western foothills. The rainfall from these ARs, long, narrow bands of water vapor that transport large amounts of water vapor from the tropics to the mid-latitudes, instigated the near-failure of the Oroville Dam located at the southeastern edge of the Feather watershed outside the city of Oroville in the state\u27s Central Valley. This case study provides a synoptic and mesoscale diagnosis of the drivers of rainfall pulses that were observed within individual storm systems that led to the Oroville dam crisis. Rain gauge, radar, satellite-based, and reanalysis data are used to identify and diagnose precipitation pulses embedded within these storms, and the local and synoptic-scale forcing characteristics attributed to these pulses are identified and described. Results are insightful for understanding how precipitation pulses propagate within larger storm systems and will expand the general knowledge of the mechanisms that drive precipitation variability from within-storm events. More specifically, understanding the drivers of within-storm precipitation pulse variability for an impactful event such as the Oroville dam crisis are important for several reasons. The compounding meteorological conditions described in this paper can be used to highlight critical uncertainties in pulse detection and prediction, provide gains in the predictive skill of extreme mesoscale precipitation pulses on changing landscapes, and generate new decision-support information to assist water and environmental resource managers in developing the next generation of adaptive management practices
Active Transportation Data Fusion: Incorporating Big Data to Estimate Volumes
Get PDFPlanners and decision-makers have increasingly voiced a need for network-wide estimates of bicycling and walking. Such volume estimates have for decades informed motorized planning and analysis but have only recently become feasible for non-motorized travel modes. Recently, new sources of activity data have emerged derived primarily from GPS-based smartphone location data, both app-based and passively collected. The project team has led several research projects aimed at evaluating and integrating the emerging sources with conventional demand data, including observed bicycle and pedestrian counts, to assess the value added of various emerging sources and the potential for estimating network-wide volumes. This presentation will summarize lessons learned and propose next steps for agencies and researchers who want to incorporate big data into active transportation volume / exposure estimates.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/trec_seminar/1253/thumbnail.jp
Comparing Acuity of Patient Care at Student Run Free Medical Clinic Locations
Get PDFIntro:
Student run free medical clinics (SRFC) are present at roughly 75% of Association of American Medical Colleges member institutions1,2 providing care for underserved populations, such as those experiencing houselessness. 3 Persons experiencing houselessness have a higher burden of illness than housed persons but experience a greater barrier to obtaining care4. Delays in care result in more complex and longer hospitals stays4,5.
Our SRFC, Bridges Collaborative Care Clinic (BCCC), functions to address emergent complaints and monitor chronic health conditions. We aim to demonstrate how relocating from River District Navigation Center (RDNC) to a more accessible location, Resource Center (RC), enabled us to reach higher acuity patients.
Methods:
Deidentified patient data from medical clinics between January 2024 to February 2025 were analyzed using RStudio v2024. The proportion of ED escalations between the two sites was analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test due to small sample sizes (α = 0.05)
Results:
RDNC and RC hosted 30 and 27 clinics, and transferred 4 and 9 patients to the ED, respectively. Top patient concerns at RDNC included health maintenance and pain, while at RC included hospital discharge follow-up, nonhealing wounds, pneumonia and frostbite. At RC, the reproductive care clinic saw at least two patients, while 50% of reproductive clinics at RDNC saw none.
Conclusion:
Addressing high-acuity needs at SRFCs may reduce future healthcare costs. There were five more ED referrals at RC, a finding which is clinically relevant, but not statistically significant. However, we observed distinct chief concerns between two clinics with RC’s higher acuity
Impact of Roughness Spanwise Wavelength on Secondary Flow Rearrangement
Get PDFSpanwise heterogeneity in surface roughness generates secondary mean flows in a rough-wall turbulent boundary layer. This study investigates the influence of roughness spanwise wavelength on the arrangement of these secondary flows using direct numerical simulation (DNS). We systematically vary the spanwise wavelength, δS/δ, from ππ/16 to π2π, while maintaining constant roughness height and surface coverage density. Here, S represents the roughness spanwise wavelength, and δδ denotes the outer length scale, which in this case is the half-channel height. Secondary flows are observed in all DNS cases, but their configurations depend on the spanwise wavelength. Specifically, small wavelengths result in low-momentum pathways (LMPs) above the roughness elements, whereas large wavelengths lead to high-momentum pathways (HMPs) at these locations. To elucidate the mechanisms behind this rearrangement, we analyze the mean streamwise vorticity transport equation. The findings indicate that shear stress anisotropy induces another pair of secondary vortices above the roughness elements as the spanwise wavelength increases. Given that secondary flows are features of the mean flow, we further examine the budgets of the dispersive kinetic energy (DKE). The analyses reveal that at small spanwise wavelengths, shear production primarily generates DKE, while at large wavelengths, wake production becomes the dominant energy source. Building on these insights, we propose a refined classification for surfaces with spanwise heterogeneity
Plural Water Narratives: an Environmental Justice Lens on a Systematic Review of Q-Methodology Water Research
Get PDFEnvironmental justice research has shown that people\u27s experiences and perceptions of water differ because systematic inequalities shape the extent to which people access clean water and are exposed to water hazards. Q‐methodology is one technique that has been used to aggregate multifaceted subjective narratives and understand different perspectives on a topic. In this paper, we systematically review 77 case study articles applying Q‐methodology to water‐related topics, to inventory how people perceive their relationships with water. We create a classification system based on environmental justice theory to examine (1) distributive justice issues around alternative water sources and agricultural and urban water scarcity, (2) procedural justice issues around Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and trust; and (3) recognition justice issues regarding misrecognition, underrecognition, and the intersectionality of the environmental justice principles. Notably, only eight articles in our dataset found just two factors on a topic, with most finding three or more factors, suggesting that most audiences are not polarized or opposed in a binary sense but range along a spectrum of perspectives on water issues. This finding means water conflicts are complex, but also that people may share core water values on disputed topics. Learning from people from various backgrounds can provide an understanding of the different relationships people have with water, which can help water managers predict where conflicts may occur, empathize with minority viewpoints, and innovate water solutions that could be used to advance environmental justice goals
Riding Through the Great Depression: The Impact of Pack Horse Librarians
Get PDFSupported by Eleanor Roosevelt and the Roosevelt Administration during the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) was part of Roosevelt’s “alphabet soup” agencies. It didn’t take long for the WPA, which sought to provide work, education, and culture to Americans who were struggling economically, to introduce the Pack Horse Library Project to rural Eastern Kentucky. The Pack Horse Librarians were local women hired by the federal government to bring reading material to isolated, unemployed people and children of all ages. Both secondary scholarship, focused on the role Pack Horse Librarians played in the development of community, as well as interviews, newspaper articles and scrapbooks made by the Pack Horse Librarians collectively offer insight into the Pack Horse Librarians inadvertent impact on the health and well being of the people they served. While the program’s duration was limited to under a decade, the Pack Horse Librarians demonstrated innovation in an effort to address unprecedented despair specific to the communities hit hardest by the Great Depression.
Part of the panel: From Hoover to Horse Trails: Literacy in early Twentieth-Century AmericaModerator: Professor David Horowit
Room 1: Increasing Engagement and Equity Through the PCC Ready Bag Project
Get PDFIn the Pacific Northwest, we are faced with a 1 in 3 chance that a large earthquake will hit our community within the next 50 years. At Portland Community College, most of our students are not prepared for a disaster of this magnitude. The PCC Ready Bag & Community Resilience Project was created in order to increase equity on our campus through education, community building, and free “Ready Bag starter kits. This project utilized community engagement and OER to create a student-centered project where students created openly-licensed materials to be shared with their community (and beyond). This project hopes to transform the least prepared into potential leaders in their families and neighborhoods. In this session, the OER resources that were created by PCC students will be shared