28232 research outputs found
Sort by
Are song sequencing rules learned by song sparrows?
No full textAlthough the effects of learning on song structure have been extensively studied in songbirds, little attention has been given to the learning of syntax at the level of song sequences. Here we investigate song syntax learning in two cohorts of hand-reared song sparrows, Melospiza melodia: an isolate group, consisting of four males raised with no exposure to external song models, and a trained group, consisting of 17 males exposed to recorded song sequences during the sensitive period for song learning. The isolate males followed three syntactical rules previously described for field-recorded song sparrows: (1) they produced their song type repertoires with eventual variety, repeating a song type multiple times before switching to another; (2) they cycled through their repertoires using close to the minimum number of bouts; and (3) they showed consistent preferences for singing certain of their song types more than others. The trained males were tutored with sequences with exaggerated eventual variety and cycling patterns and no usage preferences, but their syntax was little affected by any of these training features. One syntactical pattern that was affected by external experience was the rule that long bouts of a song type are followed by long recurrence intervals before that type is produced again. Isolate males showed no bout length/recurrence interval correlations while trained males showed reduced correlations relative to field-recorded males, implicating learning in the development of the normal pattern. Other songbird species have been found to preferentially use song type transitions as adults that they were tutored with as juveniles, but the trained song sparrows in this study showed no evidence of such effects
The Effect of Algae Blooms on Property Values located on Florida's Indian River Lagoon
No full textFlorida’s Indian River Lagoon has algae blooms that devastate ecosystems, water quality,and markets for seafood, recreation, and housing. This study estimates part of their economic impact by examining water quality’s relationship with prices of properties sold near the estuary from 2007 to 2016. Using water quality scores from 0 to 100, my regression analysis estimates that one-unit increases in water quality are associated with one-percent increases in sale price.Upon summing this relationship over all properties in the sample, my paper estimates that the sea algae blooms have cost the housing market between 3.6 billion
Association of Perceived Health Competence With Cardiac Rehabilitation Initiation.
No full textPurposeCardiac rehabilitation (CR), a program of supervised exercise and cardiovascular risk management, is widely underutilized. Psychological factors such as perceived health competence, or belief in one's ability to achieve health-related goals, may play a role in CR initiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of perceived health competence with CR initiation among patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics.MethodsThe Vanderbilt Inpatient Cohort Study (VICS) characterized the effect of psychosocial characteristics on post-discharge outcomes in ACS inpatients hospitalized from 2011 to 2015. The primary outcome for this analysis was participation in an outpatient CR program. The primary predictor was the two-item Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS-2), which yields a score from 2 to 10 (higher scores indicate greater perceived health competence). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the PHCS-2 and CR initiation.ResultsA total of 1809 VICS participants (median age: 61 yr, 39% female) with ACS were studied, of whom 294 (16%) initiated CR. The PHCS-2 was associated with a higher odds of CR initiation (OR = 1.15/point increase: 95% CI, 1.06-1.26, P = .001) after adjusting for covariates. Participants with comorbid heart failure had a lower odds of CR initiation (OR = 0.31: 95% CI, 0.16-0.60, P ConclusionPerceived health competence is associated with outpatient CR initiation in patients hospitalized with ACS. Interventions designed to support perceived health competence may be useful for improving CR participation
Review: Complicating Reproductive Agents: Material Feminist Challenges to Reproductive Rhetorics
No full textHABITAT CORRIDOR PRIORITIZATION FOR JAGUARS (PANTHERA ONCA) AND OTHER FELIDAE SPECIES IN COLOMBIA
No full textCreating habitat corridors is a conservation practice that has been growing in adoption throughout the world, representing a simple and efficient framework that connects existing “islands” of pristine habitat. Thus, habitat connectivity increases the total natural resources available for wildlife. This study seeks to understand which set of criteria determine Jaguar habitat and other Felidae species present in Colombia, and to develop prioritized corridors that will connect existing habitats, indicating which corridors are most threatened by anthropogenic sources. To achieve this, I have collected demographic, biodiversity, and geographic datasets, and modeled it on ArcGIS Pro. The present study indicates the corridors most at risk by human encroachment and, therefore, those that should be prioritized in conservation efforts. I recommend that conservation efforts should be focused on the habitat corridors developed herein, accounting for their threat levels
Impact of Dominant Symptom on 12-Month Patient-Reported Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery.
No full textBackgroundThe impact of symptom characteristics on outcomes of spine surgery remains elusive.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of symptom location, severity, and duration on outcomes following lumbar spine surgery.MethodsWe queried the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) for patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery for lumbar degenerative spine disease. Multivariable regression was utilized to determine the impact of preoperative symptom characteristics (location, severity, and duration) on improvement in disability, quality of life, return to work, and patient satisfaction at 1 yr. Relative predictor importance was determined using an importance metric defined as Wald χ2 penalized by degrees of freedom.ResultsA total of 22 022 subjects were analyzed. On adjusted analysis, we found patients with predominant leg pain were more likely to be satisfied (P ConclusionPredominant symptom location is a significant determinant of functional outcomes following spine surgery. However, pain severity and duration have higher predictive importance. Return to work is more dependent on sociodemographic features as compared to symptom characteristics
Extensive Synovial Chondromatosis Involving All Flexor Tendons in the Tarsal Tunnel: A Case Report.
No full textSynovial chondromatosis is a rare condition characterized by benign chondrogenic meta- plasia of extra-articular synovial tissue. It usually affects a single tendon sheath of the hand or foot. This report describes a rare case with extensive synovial chondromatosis affecting all flexor tendons in the tarsal tunnel, its radiological features, surgical treatment, and clinical outcome. The authors present a unique case of extensive synovial chondromatosis in a 48-year-old male involving the tendon sheaths of the flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and posterior tibialis tendons, at the level of the tarsal tunnel, with extension into the plantar aspect of the foot. The patient initially presented with symptoms of tarsal tunnel compression and was found to have a 4-cm mass in the posteromedial aspect of the ankle. The presumptive diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis was made based on radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging evidence. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor, as well as tarsal tunnel release and gastrocnemius recession. The diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively by surgical histopathology. The postoperative course of the patient was uncomplicated and his tarsal tunnel symptoms resolved. This represents a case of extensive synovial chondromatosis involving all flexor tendons in the tarsal tunnel that was correctly diagnosed by clinical and imaging findings, which required early surgical resection to avoid long-term neurovascular complications
Advancing Nursing Science Through Site-Based Clinical Inquiry: Designing Problem Pyramids.
No full textThe Antifungal Pipeline: Fosmanogepix, Ibrexafungerp, Olorofim, Opelconazole, and Rezafungin.
No full textThe epidemiology of invasive fungal infections is changing, with new populations at risk and the emergence of resistance caused by the selective pressure from increased usage of antifungal agents in prophylaxis, empiric therapy, and agriculture. Limited antifungal therapeutic options are further challenged by drug-drug interactions, toxicity, and constraints in administration routes. Despite the need for more antifungal drug options, no new classes of antifungal drugs have become available over the last 2 decades, and only one single new agent from a known antifungal class has been approved in the last decade. Nevertheless, there is hope on the horizon, with a number of new antifungal classes in late-stage clinical development. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of drug resistance employed by fungi and extensively discuss the most promising drugs in development, including fosmanogepix (a novel Gwt1 enzyme inhibitor), ibrexafungerp (a first-in-class triterpenoid), olorofim (a novel dihyroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme inhibitor), opelconazole (a novel triazole optimized for inhalation), and rezafungin (an echinocandin designed to be dosed once weekly). We focus on the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics, as well as the spectrum of activity and stages of clinical development. We also highlight the potential future role of these drugs and unmet needs
COVID-19 and Severe Rhabdomyolysis Causing Acute Kidney Injury and Life-Threatening Hyperkalemia in a Pediatric Patient: a Case Report.
No full textThough initially believed to primarily be a respiratory pathogen, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has manifested as a virus that has the potential to affect multiple organ systems causing a wide variety of disease and symptomatology. Children have been largely spared in comparison to adult morbidity and mortality; however, acute pediatric illness secondary to COVID-19 infection has become both more common and more serious. Here, we present a teenager with acute COVID-19 who presented to the hospital with profound weakness and oliguria and was discovered to have severe rhabdomyolysis causing life-threatening hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury. He required treatment with emergent renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. His initial CK was 584,886 U/L. Creatinine was 14.1 mg/dL and potassium was 9.9 mmol/L. He was successfully treated with CRRT and was discharged on hospital day 13 with normal kidney function on follow-up. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury are increasingly recognized as complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and require vigilance given the potentially fatal complications and long-standing morbidity associated with these conditions