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The Classification of Organizational Forms: Theory and Application to the Field of Higher Education
No full textThe role of psychological science in efforts to improve cardiovascular medication adherence.
No full textPoor adherence to cardiovascular disease medications carries significant psychological, physical, and economic costs, including failure to achieve therapeutic goals, high rates of hospitalization and health care costs, and incidence of death. Despite much effort to design and evaluate adherence interventions, rates of adherence to cardiovascular-related medications have remained relatively stagnant. We identify two major reasons for this: First, interventions have not addressed the time-varying reasons for nonadherence, and 2nd, interventions have not explicitly targeted the self-regulatory processes involved in adherence behavior. Inclusion of basic and applied psychological science in intervention development may improve the efficacy and effectiveness of behavioral interventions to improve adherence. In this article, we use a taxonomy of time-based phases of adherence-including initiation, implementation, and discontinuation-as context within which to review illustrative studies of barriers to adherence, interventions to improve adherence, and self-regulatory processes involved in adherence. Finally, we suggest a framework to translate basic psychological science regarding self-regulation into multicomponent interventions that can address multiple and time-varying barriers to nonadherence across the three adherence phases. The field of psychology is essential to improving medication adherence and associated health outcomes, and concrete steps need to be taken to implement this knowledge in future interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Media use and vaccine resistance.
No full textPublic health requires collective action-the public best addresses health crises when individuals engage in prosocial behaviors. Failure to do so can have dire societal and economic consequences. This was made clear by the disjointed, politicized response to COVID-19 in the United States. Perhaps no aspect of the pandemic exemplified this challenge more than the sizeable percentage of individuals who delayed or refused vaccination. While scholars, practitioners, and the government devised a range of communication strategies to persuade people to get vaccinated, much less attention has been paid to where the unvaccinated could be reached. We address this question using multiple waves of a large national survey as well as various secondary data sets. We find that the vaccine resistant seems to predictably obtain information from conservative media outlets (e.g. Fox News) while the vaccinated congregate around more liberal outlets (e.g. MSNBC). We also find consistent evidence that vaccine-resistant individuals often obtain COVID-19 information from various social media, most notably Facebook, rather than traditional media sources. Importantly, such individuals tend to exhibit low institutional trust. While our results do not suggest a failure of sites such as Facebook's institutional COVID-19 efforts, as the counterfactual of no efforts is unknown, they do highlight an opportunity to reach those who are less likely to take vital actions in the service of public health
Drones and Machine Learning for Marine Animal Behavior Analysis
No full textUnderstanding the behavior of marine animals is critical to effective management especially as they fall under increasing anthropogenic pressures. Recent advances in two technologies, drones and machine learning offer versatile, data driven, automatable solutions capable of effective collection and analysis of large datasets. In this paper I illustrate how pose estimation as an effective machine learning based solution for analyzing marine animal behavior. This study investigates pose estimations use on drone imagery due to its rising prevalence in marine science and prior combination with pose estimation in our lab. As initial work at our lab has investigated the use of pose estimation on marine mammal datasets and my goal is to expand on these efforts and build an overview of both technologies integration for researchers interested working with them. In the present study I use a collection of shark video taken by myself and other Duke researchers locally off the Rachel Carson Reserve on the North Carolina coast as demonstration and to help build a catalog of models and best practices for use of pose estimation on different taxa.
This paper will provide an overview of drones and pose estimation including Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses (SLEAP), a pose estimation framework which has proven to have good potential in marine science. SLEAP was chosen due to its accessibility, versatility and tracking algorithm which allows multiple subjects to be tracked and analyzed at the same time. The latter is a major steppingstone for pose estimation software as past projects may have been able to identify multiple individuals in one frame but not be able to keep track of who is who across thousands of frames of video. Covered topics will include:
1. Technical overview of drones and pose estimation.
2. Data collection
3. Using pose estimation
a. Model types and programming
4. Data export and processing
5. Analysis
6. Conclusions on using pose estimation in marine science and future work.
After data export, a novel solution will also be assessed for compensating for camera movement, in this case a moving drone, which has proven to be one of the biggest roadblocks of using SLEAP, which was developed for processing stationary video. This solution processes data in a way that is plug and play with existing analytical methods and will be open source
Multiple Possibilities for the Realization of Immersive Worlds
No full textIn recent years, discussions about immersive experiences have become ubiquitous, but there have been vague definitions of immersion. This thesis aims to explore multiple possibilities to realize immersive worlds and conduct user experience research to think about the diverse dimensions of immersion. As a result, I created two projects—a digital project named “A VR Trip to a Chinese Courtyard in Mid-Autumn Festival” and an art installation called “Land of Idyllic Beauty”—and I gathered audience feedback on how audiences perceived immersive experiences. The findings indicate that users’ perceptions of immersion are highly overlapping, but there is still opportunity for both digital and physical initiatives to improve users’ immersive experiences, therefore further research is worthwhile.</p
Foraging with Trawlers May Blur the Boundaries Between Estuarine and Coastal Stocks of Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) off South Carolina
No full textIn the western North Atlantic, common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that forage in association with shrimp trawlers in ocean waters are widely assumed to be members of coastal rather than estuarine stocks. To test this assumption, I analyzed photo-identification (photo-id) images of common bottlenose dolphins collected by Justin Greenman in 2011 from North Carolina to Florida during surveys conducted aboard the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Research Vessel Lady Lisa. I developed a dorsal fin catalog of 254 individual dolphins and compared this catalog to 14 regional photo-identification catalogs from North Carolina to Florida. I created a dataset with sightings records for matched dolphins seen 10 or more times (n=18) to examine their stock identities, based on criteria described in National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Stock Assessment Reports (SARs). Only two of the 18 dolphins were sighted only in coastal waters, and four had the majority of their sightings in estuarine waters but also traveled into coastal waters to forage in association with trawlers. Two dolphins were first observed foraging in association with shrimp trawlers dating back to 1998. Overall, I found that dolphins from multiple stocks forage in association with shrimp trawlers in coastal waters of South Carolina. In addition, it appears that this behavior may attract estuarine dolphins into coastal waters outside their typical stock boundaries. The movement of dolphins across stock lines to engage in this foraging behavior raises concerns about our understanding of bycatch in this fishery. Misassignment of bycatch to the wrong stock could be particularly harmful to small stocks of bottlenose dolphins
Perceptions of Competence, Strength, and Age Influence Voters to Select Leaders with Lower-Pitched Voices.
No full textVoters prefer leaders with lower-pitched voices because they are perceived as stronger, having greater physical prowess, more competent, and having greater integrity. An alternative hypothesis that has yet to be tested is that lower-pitched voices are perceived as older and thus wiser and more experienced. Here the relationships between candidate voice pitch, candidate age, and electoral success are examined with two experiments. Study 1 tests whether voters discriminate on candidate age. The results show that male and female candidates in their 40s and 50s, the time in the lifecycle when voice pitch is at its lowest, are preferred over candidates in their 30s, 60s, and 70s. Study 2 shows that the preference for leaders with lower-pitched voices correlates with the perception that speakers with lower voices are stronger, more competent, and older, but the influence of perception of age on vote choice is the weakest of the three
Gender-Affirming Telepsychology During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations for Adult Transgender and Gender Diverse Populations.
No full textThe implementation of telepsychology soared in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. For most health service psychologists, this surge preceded formal training in telepsychology. Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals reported significant vulnerabilities and health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure the health and well-being of adult transgender and gender diverse individuals during the COVD-19 pandemic and beyond, it is critical to promote the delivery of gender-affirming telepsychology. This article highlights clinical issues observed by health service psychologists at a high-volume gender clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors provide anticipatory guidance and recommendations to promote gender-affirming telepsychology
Facial Onset Sensory and Motor Neuronopathy: A Case Series and Literature Review
No full textIntroduction: Facial Onset Sensory and Motor Neuronopathy (FOSMN) typically presents with paresthesias in the trigeminal nerve distribution and weakness that progresses rostro-caudally.
Objective: To present two new cases of FOSMN, summarize the current literature, and address areas for future study.
Methods: Observational data was collected from two patients with FOSMN from our institution. A literature review of FOSMN was completed using PubMed.
Results: We identified 100 cases of FOSMN, including our two new cases. 93% presented with facial paresthesias. 97% had bulbar symptoms. Five had family history of ALS. Abnormal Blink reflex was most common on EMG/NCS. CSF was typically normal, but a rare severe case showed elevated protein. Mutations included: TARDBP, OPMD, D90A-SOD1, CHCHD10, VCP, and SQSTM1. Neuropathological studies showed neurodegenerative changes without inflammation. Some cases have reported transient stabilization or improvement to immunomodulatory therapy.
Case Reports: A 72-year-old man presented with right-sided trigeminal paresthesias that progressed in a rostro-caudal fashion, dysphagia, and hand weakness. He died 4-5 years after symptom onset. A 69-year-old man presented with left-sided jaw paresthesias, dysphagia and dysarthria. He was trialed on IVIG for 1.5 years without improvement and died 2.6 years after symptom onset.
Conclusion: FOSMN is a rare disorder with a unique clinical and electrophysiological phenotype. The pathophysiology has been associated with neurodegeneration and multiple gene mutations have correlated to FOSMN. Some reports suggest transient response to immunomodulatory therapy, though prospective studies are lacking. CSF protein elevation may be seen in severe disease. Future studies will help further elucidate the approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic counseling (biomarkers).
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“Selection, planning and execution of minimally invasive surgery in adult spinal deformity correction”
No full textMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) for correction of adult spinal deformity was developed to address the high rate of medical and surgical complications rate in open surgical treatment of increasingly aging and frail patient population. In the past decade, MIS group within the International Spine Study Group (ISSG) has been in the forefront of the application of MIS techniques to fulfill the well-established principles of ASD surgery. These efforts have resulted in landmark studies. Here, we review these studies that encompass all aspects of MIS surgical treatment of ASD including patient selection with Minimally Invasive Spinal Deformity Surgery (MISDEF) and MISDEF-2 algorithms, surgical planning with anterior column realignment classification and the Minimally Invasive Interbody Selection Algorithm (MIISA), and surgical execution with Spinal Deformity Complexity Checklist (SDCC). We will highlight that with careful selection, diligent planning and meticulous execution the MIS techniques can treat patients with ASD, abiding to correction principles and radiographic parameters