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Leveraging unstructured data sharing in open innovation : a business model for large research-intensive firms
Get PDFIn the current environment of high volumes of data, large established firms are looking for new ways of gaining a competitive advantage through Open Innovation (OI). Sharing unstructured data represents such an opportunity. However, the literature is scarce in understanding how to attract this data and realize more value within the OI funnel. We thus investigated a business model illustrating how large research-intensive firms can use it to support data sharing for OI. We interviewed 25 professionals in an OI project between a global pharma organization focused on the animal health market, a UK-based university, and data science firms. Firstly, we provide evidence of the role of data sharing in OI for extracting value. Secondly, we theorize a business model that supports data sharing for inbound and outbound OI using three stages of value realization. We welcome further research to confirm or extend our findings in other industrial settings
Jack the Ripper and witness testimony
No full textThis chapter will explore the conflicting and contradictory nature of witness testimony relating to the Whitechapel Murders, and the extent to which this information helped or hindered the investigation of what precisely transpired and the consideration of who might be responsible. The involvement of the press in collating and publishing witness testimonies will be examined alongside official testimony from police reports and coroners’ inquests, to determine the extent to which this kind of evidence is reliable, authentic, and pertinent to the investigation of the Whitechapel Murders
Upcycling of regular wood trunks and logs using wave function collapse (WFC), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies for circular design
Get PDFIn sustainable building design and construction (SBDC), irregular timber elements, such as unprocessed logs, forks, and branches, remain significantly underutilised due to their complex geometries, which complicate reconfiguration and lead to considerable material waste. This study addresses this challenge by introducing a computational workflow that optimises the upcycling of irregular wood into feasible building components. The CAAD contribution of this work lies in applying Wave Function Collapse (WFC) as a digital aggregation method, enabling automated spatial configuration of irregular wood elements. This method integrates 3D scanning, algorithmic aggregation, and finite element analysis (FEA) to assess structural viability, ensuring efficient material utilisation. For joinery experiments, our engineering application involves the development of a heat-moldable joinery method using recycled PET bottles, which eliminates the need for adhesives or mechanical fasteners. By leveraging the heat-shrink properties of PET, structurally stable connections are formed between upcycled wood components. The proposed framework is demonstrated through the fabrication of functional furniture and pavilion-scale architectural prototypes, showcasing an innovative approach to material repurposing. This study advances Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) and construction techniques by 3D scanning, volumetric design, AI-driven building scale ideation and Augmented Reality (AR) and MR-assisted assembly, demonstrating scalable solutions for sustainable architecture and circular material reuse
Social biases, identity-based reasoning, and trust in scientists
Get PDFHuman survival depends on cooperation for collective action, but also for the sharing and collecting of information that underpins cumulative culture. Trust as well as mistrust in scientists are shaped by social learning biases such as conformity, prestige, and similarity biases, and credibility-enhancing displays, evolved to help individuals navigate uncertainty by identifying trustworthy sources of information. Identity-based reasoning, a form of similarity bias, shows how individuals accept or reject information according to group alignments. Motivated reasoning explains why maintaining such identity-affirming beliefs can be practically rational if not factually rational. Interventions aimed at tackling misinformation and mistrust should consider these social mechanisms and aim to increase the belief that the scientist has the best interests of the trustor at heart
‘Good amongst the grey clouds!’ : nostalgia, authenticity, and well-being in autistic adults : a qualitative study
Get PDFNostalgia promotes authenticity and well-being in non-autistic people. We explored whether this also holds true for autistic people, a group who experience reduced authenticity and wellbeing. We interviewed ten autistic young adults about nostalgic experiences, insights gained into the self, and nostalgia’s well-being benefits. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified three themes: ‘The comfort of nostalgic memories’ included social connectedness and recognizing the self as accepted by others. ‘The hazards of nostalgic feelings’ involved avoiding challenging memories to prevent past sadness from infecting present experiences. ‘Growth and redemption’ involved recognizing self-development and overcoming obstacles. Despite being a challenging affective experience at times, for reflective participants, engaging in nostalgia brought a number of benefits: boosting mood, promoting feelings of social connectedness, selfesteem, as well as providing insight into the true self. Nostalgia can be used to enhance authenticity and well-being for autistic people by developing self-understanding and emphasizing the benefits of being open about who one is
Comparing in-person and remote qualitative data collection methods for data quality and inclusion : a scoping review
Get PDFBackground: In-person data collection has long been considered the ‘gold standard’ for qualitative data collection. Societal changes and the rapid increase in the use of remote methods during the Covid-19 pandemic intensified debate about the limitations and opportunities of remote data collection, while reigniting questions about data quality and inclusion. Objective: We sought to map available evidence exploring the characteristics and quality of remotely collected qualitative data compared to in-person qualitative data. Eligibility Criteria: A scoping review was conducted of empirical research studies that employed both remote and in-person methods with similar participants, to address the same research question. Sources of Evidence: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus and Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). The review includes peer reviewed articles published in English since 2000. Methods: Data were extracted from included papers using a data extraction tool based on JBI guidance, adapted to address our research questions. Results: A total of 58 articles are included. These cover a range of research methods and participant groups. Overall, remotely collected data is likely to generate similar themes to data collected in person but more concisely. Sensitive topics may be the exception. Non-verbal data and interaction between participants may be lost but the significance of this for data quality is not as well understood as participants may disclose more information remotely. Conclusions: Researchers should consider the fit of epistemology, population and topic when making decisions about remote data collection. If the benefits of remote data collection for qualitative research are to be fully realised, further research is needed to identify which elements of in-person and remote qualitative data collection are most effective, with which populations and research topics, and how remote data differs from in-person data
Technologies and techniques in digital twins for real-time data visualisation in building maintenance : A state-of-the-art review
Get PDFDigital Twins (DT) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies are emerging as transformative solutions for automating processes and visualising real-time IoT sensor data in building operations and maintenance (O&M). However, current implementations predominantly rely on 2D or static 3D interfaces, limiting visualisation, immersion and data interaction. Though MR can improve data visualisation, its integration with DT technologies is still in its infancy in building maintenance. A systematic review of 55 academic studies provides a critical and in-depth analysis of existing research on DT applications for real-time monitoring and maintenance, visualisation tools, platforms and techniques, MR applications, and related challenges in building O&M. The review identifies a key gap: existing DT-MR frameworks lack sufficient scalability and standardisation required for broader adoption in building O&M. The paper proposes future research directions toward developing immersive DT-MR frameworks that enhance understanding of these technologies in enabling automated, interactive, and visually enriched building maintenance workflows
Allometry of cell types in planarians by single-cell transcriptomics
Get PDFAllometry explores the relationship between an organism’s body size and its various components, offering insights into ecology, physiology, metabolism, and disease. The cell is the basic unit of biological systems, and yet the study of cell-type allometry remains relatively unexplored. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a promising tool for investigating cell-type allometry. Planarians, capable of growing and degrowing following allometric scaling rules, serve as an excellent model for these studies. We used scRNA-seq to examine cell-type allometry in asexual planarians of different sizes, revealing that they consist of the same basic cell types but in varying proportions. Notably, the gut basal cells are the most responsive to changes in size, suggesting a role in energy storage. We capture the regulated gene modules of distinct cell types in response to body size. This research sheds light on the molecular and cellular aspects of cell-type allometry in planarians and underscores the utility of scRNA-seq in these investigations