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Revisiting persistence in developmental psychology : an integrative framework for flexible persistence
Get PDFIn developmental and educational psychology persistence is primarily conceptualized as sustained and independent effort exerted over a relatively short period on a single task. We propose a more unified and integrative framework in which persistence is understood as part of dynamic, flexible – and potentially adaptive – self-regulatory processes. These processes involve various temporary and intermediate strategies and decisions at any given time, aimed at long-term adaptive human functioning rather than immediate task or goal completion. We review the separate literatures that collectively support our notion of flexible persistence and further clarify our conceptual framework. Finally, we outline future directions for research.
Promoting engagement in patient-initiated follow up and self-care behaviours : acceptability of the ‘ACT now & check-it-out’ intervention for Head and Neck cancer (PETNECK2 study)
Get PDFObjectives: Due to increasing incidence of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) and overwhelming clinical demand on follow-up services, a new risk-stratified pathway, patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) with a patient support package is being evaluated (PETNECK2 study). We aimed to a) explore acceptability to both HNC patients and health professionals, and the impact on self-management behaviours including self-surveillance and fear of cancer recurrence, and b) conduct intervention optimisation.
Design: Qualitative interviews conducted 1-2 months after receiving the PIFU support package.
Setting: Eight hospital trusts across the United Kingdom.
Participants: 25 patients around one-year post HNC treatment receiving the PETNECK2 intervention, and 7 health professionals from NHS Trusts involved in recruitment and/or intervention delivery.
Intervention: All patients received the intervention (PIFU) following a clear PET-CT scan, which included a face-to-face education session with a health professional and a digital app and/or booklet, that aimed to support engagement in PIFU self-care behaviours (including regularly checking for symptom changes; prompt help-seeking; self-management of fear of recurrence). Patients had open access to their hospital team if concerns arose.
Results: The PIFU intervention with a patient support package was largely acceptable to health professionals and most patients. Engagement in new habitual self-care behaviours was evident in most, influenced by having increased knowledge and confidence regarding these behaviours, provided by key elements of the PIFU support package (e.g. demonstration of self-examination). Acceptability appeared lower in a few patients reporting low self-efficacy for self-examination, ongoing challenges with fear of recurrence and concerns over no scheduled appointments.
Conclusions: Our intervention support package was largely acceptable and promoted patient engagement with PIFU and key self-management behaviours. Findings can usefully inform the design of future PIFU support packages and highlight important considerations for future evaluations of patient acceptability of PIFU pathways. Following intervention optimisation, a UK-wide trial is now underway
A multi‐centre qualitative study of experiences of managing diabetes mellitus among adults while hospitalised
Get PDFAims.
One in six hospital beds across England is occupied by someone with diabetes. While guidance on inpatient diabetes care is available, national audit data demonstrate that people still experience significant and avoidable diabetes-related harms. This study is unique in exploring how people with diabetes admitted to hospital for any medical reason experienced diabetes care from admission to discharge. It is part of a bigger project aiming to develop and test a Patient Reported Experience Measure for inpatients with diabetes.
Methods.
A qualitative approach was used to explore experiences of inpatient diabetes care. Twenty-seven participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hospitalised for any reason, were recruited using purposive sampling across four acute NHS Trusts in the South of England. Data collected in semi-structured interviews were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis.
Results.
In diabetes care, the emphasis is on supporting people with self management of their diabetes. The inpatient care setting compromises this by limiting self management behaviours. These restrictions may apply to those who want to and can be actively involved in their diabetes care and may contribute to less effective diabetes management and poorer outcomes. For some participants in this study, diabetes self management was discouraged in three ways. First, their knowledge of their diabetes and willingness to self-manage were not taken into account on admission or in planning their inpatient diabetes care. Second, their involvement in decisions about their ongoing diabetes care was limited. Third, their needs related to diabetes management were not met because of the lack of flexibility in hospital practices and schedules.
Conclusions.
Inpatient care is not always conducive to diabetes self management. Understanding the patient experience in the inpatient setting related to self management is important in reducing harm to patients while they are in hospital. Our findings emphasise the importance of involving people with diabetes in planning and managing their care while hospitalised. Further work needs to be done to ensure that the knowledge, involvement and flexibility of care of people with diabetes are incorporated into an inpatient setting
Record phenological responses to climate change in three sympatric penguin species
No full text1. The timing of breeding is an important aspect of any species’ realised niche, reflecting adaptations to synchronise with food supplies, dilute predation, avoid competition, and exploit seasonal fluctuations in resources. Breeding phenology is typically studied either through long-term monitoring of focal populations (limiting the strength of inferences about species-wide traits and trends) or, when conducted at a landscape level, using remotely visible traits (restricting most studies to plants).
2. For the first time, this study demonstrates landscape-scale measurement of vertebrate breeding phenology using a network of 77 time-lapse cameras to monitor three sympatric penguin species across 37 colonies in the Antarctic Peninsula and Sub-Antarctic islands.
3. Camera temperature loggers showed penguin colony locations are warming up four times faster (0.3ºC/year) than the continental average (0.07ºC/year), already the second fastest-warming area in the world.
4. We analysed the start of the breeding season of Adélie, Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins at a sub-continental scale between 2012 and 2022. The phenology of all three species advanced at record rates (10.2 ± 2, 10.4 ± 1.5, and 13 ± 4 days/decade, respectively).
5. Different demographic trends as well as intra- and inter-species differences in response to environmental change suggest niche-based response differences between species.
6. Phenological advances are causing niche separation to reduce. In this context, the Gentoo penguins’ generalist and resident nature seems better suited to compete for space and resources than krill-specialist Chinstraps and ice-specialist Adélies.
7. Synthesis: A decade of observation of the three pygoscelid penguins shows they are advancing their settlement phenology at record speeds in relation to climate change across the Antarctic Peninsula. These changes are species-dependent, reflecting
different vulnerabilities and opportunities depending on their niche and life-history traits. In the long term, the trend towards earlier settlement risks increasing inter- species competition, causing trophic and temporal mismatch, and reshaping community assemblages
School nurses’ experiences of supporting children and young people and their caregivers around sleep : a focus group study
Get PDFBackground:
Globally, many children and young people (CYP) obtain insufficient good quality sleep. School nurses (SNs) are ideally-placed to support sleep health, but few studies have explored their practical experiences.
Aims:
To explore SNs’ experiences, perceived barriers and priorities (including training and resource requirements) in providing sleep-related support to CYP and their caregivers.
Method:
A convenience sample of eighteen SNs from the United Kingdom took part in two in-person focus groups (n = 8; n = 8) and one online focus group (n = 2) in June 2024. Qualitative data were inductively reflexively thematically analysed.
Results:
Seven themes were identified. Nurses reported that Sleep issues present as secondary concerns; and identified Perceived causes of delayed bedtimes and insufficient sleep. They faced barriers to practice including Challenges engaging families with sleep-supportive changes; Systemic barriers to successful delivery of sleep services and Challenges in identifying appropriate resources. To overcome such challenges, they emphasised School nurse training requirements; and The need for a trusted directory of resources.
Conclusions:
SNs in England regularly support families around sleep health but face significant challenges. To support their practice, policy changes recognising sleep as a public health priority and increased investment in staffing, training, and resources are needed
Linguistic and conceptual transfer : crosslinguistic translanguaging in the English-French bilingual mathematics classroom in the UK
No full textThis paper presents the findings of a study, conducted as part of a PhD thesis, exploring ways in which translanguaging can be used to support the development of conceptual understanding of division. The study focused on 18 8-9-year-old pupils learning mathematics through the instructional languages of English and French in an ‘immersion-style’ bilingual education context in England. The data was collected from four consecutive mathematics lessons focusing on division, the first two taught through English by a monolingual English teacher and the second two taught in French by a bilingual French teacher. Both teachers were interviewed directly following their second lesson and the pupils participated in two focus groups, following their lessons in English and then French. This paper focuses on three of the seven translanguaging cycles that were identified as part of the analysis, each with a different combination of interlocutors. The first extract presents a peer-peer discussion of division involving exchange, the second involves a teaching assistant scaffolding learning for a new-to-French pupil and the third illustrates a pupil seeking clarification from the teacher. The findings reveal that crosslinguistic translanguaging affords a flexible space in which pupils are able to draw upon their linguistic repertoires to make linguistic and conceptual connections. The use of multiple representations and reprocessing opportunities further supported crosslinguistic transfer within these translanguaging cycles