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“I was a loser before, and now I’m a winner!” : perceptions and lived experience of the Low Traffic Neighbourhood
Get PDFA recent policy intervention being implemented across UK cities is Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs). The purpose of LTNs is to remove through-traffic from residential streets by strategically placing bollards and planters at key locations to block passage of motor cars while allowing cyclists and other micromobilities to pass through. LTNs are intended to bring proposed benefits including improved road safety for walking and cycling, a better-quality environment and improved public health. There has been much debate about the likely ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ of LTN interventions and reactions from the public have been divided. This article reports a study that investigated the perceptions and lived experience of residents who lived in, and along the boundary of, LTNs in the east of Oxford city, UK. Our starting premise is that LTNs reconfigure everyday lives, not just through infrastructure, but through emotion, identity, and contested claims to space, and that they are never merely infrastructural, but are political, affective, and shape, and are shaped by, how people move. To investigate this we used a combination of interviews and mobile ‘go-long’ interviews with residents who self-identified as ‘supporters’ or ‘opponents’ of the LTNs. This allowed us to reveal the complexity and nuance of
opinion of LTNs based on personal and household circumstances. We highlight the disruption that such interventions can make, both positively and negatively, to a sense of belonging and point to the importance of citizen participation in the development of well-intentioned city policies that inevitably create both ‘winners’ and ‘losers’
Weight stigma in the dental setting : a qualitative exploration of the experiences of people living with obesity
No full textPeople living with obesity (PLWO) are frequently subject to weight stigma in healthcare settings, which reduces their quality-of-care and exacerbates health inequalities. Evidence suggests PLWO also encounter weight stigma in the dental setting, however little research has explored this from the perspective of PLWO. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of PLWO in the dental setting, specifically whether PLWO encounter weight stigma, receive patient-centred care, and whether (if so how) visiting the dentist can be improved for PLWO. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 PLWO; 10 females and 2 males ranging in age from 21 to 71 years. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Four overarching themes, (1) the dental setting as a safe space, (2) structural weight stigma setting, (3) stigmatising dentist-patient interactions, (4) weight stigma impacts on delivering patient-centred care, were generated. An equal number of participants had/had not encountered weight stigma in the dental setting. Weight stigma was perceived within direct dentist-patient interactions, the dental setting’s physical environment and lack of access to bariatric dentistry, which seemed to impact upon the delivery of patient-centred care. Suggested avenues to improve visiting the dentist for PLWO included obesity education for the dental team. Participant lived experiences highlight that weight stigma is an issue some PLWO face in the dental setting. Professionals across clinical, educational and policy levels should work together to eliminate weight stigma in the dental setting and provide equitable care for PLWO
A guide to key decision criteria for Likert‐Scale use in survey research
Get PDFAlthough widely used in survey research, the application of the Likert scale often lacks rigorous justification in relation to key methodological decisions. Furthermore, inconsistencies in terminology persist, for example, the common reference made to the “5‐point Likert scale,” even though debate is ongoing about the optimal number of response categories. Using a narrative review approach, this paper provides researchers with a concise, evidence‐based guide for the appropriate use of Likert‐type scales in survey research. Drawing on existing literature on itemized rating scales, particularly the Likert scale, the paper identifies the frequently overlooked critical decision criteria for anchoring the Likert scale. It clarifies essential considerations such as the number of scale points, inclusion of midpoints, labeling of response categories, and response format presentation. As a practical contribution, the paper offers evidence‐based guidelines to help researchers make informed decisions when employing Likert‐type rating scales in survey research
Psychedelics and sexual trauma : effects on communication and emotional connection
No full textPsychedelics are theorized to enhance emotional openness and interpersonal attunement, but their effects in sexual contexts—particularly among those with a history of sexual trauma—remain underexplored. This study investigated whether individuals who had used psychedelics to cope with or overcome sexual trauma (Psy-CST) reported different experiences of sexual communication and emotional connection compared to those who had not (No-Psy-CST). The Psy-CST label reflects participants’ self-classification based on a single survey item; the study did not assess whether psychedelics were intentionally used as a means of trauma recovery. Rather, it examined self-reported experiences within sexual contexts among these groups. Participants (N = 675; Mage = 32.8) were drawn from the 2022 Global Drug Survey and had engaged in sexual activity within four to six hours of a full psychedelic experience. Chi-square tests and regression analyses were used to compare outcomes between groups. Psy-CST participants were significantly less likely to report improved sexual communication (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.310, p < .01); no significant differences were observed for emotional connection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.160, p = .536). Within the Psy-CST group, women were significantly more likely than men to report improved communication (RRR = 1.83, p = .02) and emotional connection (OR = 1.85, p < .01). Findings suggest gender significantly moderates psychedelics’ effects on intimacy outcomes. Further research is needed to inform harm reduction and trauma-informed care frameworks for psychedelic use in sexual contexts
Collecting data from children in hospitality and tourism settings
Get PDFThis research note explores Minecraft as a methodological tool for collecting data from children in hospitality and tourism settings. While research involving children remains limited in these fields, Minecraft offers a playful, immersive, and participatory environment well suited to capturing their preferences and perceptions. The paper outlines a proposed methodological framework that details how Minecraft can be used to facilitate child-led exploration, construction, and interaction within virtual tourism spaces. Although promising, the method presents challenges related mainly to ethics and reliability, epitomised by the opposition covert and overt used of Minecraft
I hereby consent : leveraging consent management and chatbot anthropomorphism to influence information disclosure and usage intentions
No full textAs the use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots becomes more prevalent, organizations face increasing pressure to adopt ethical and transparent data collection practices. This research investigated how variations in consent management (CM) design, guided by social contract theory, and different levels of chatbot anthropomorphism influenced users’ intentions to use chatbots and to disclose personal information, across three experimental studies. The findings demonstrate that transparent CM, especially when presented ‘just-in-time', significantly increases willingness to disclose information. Contrary to prior assumptions, we found that anthropomorphism does not significantly influence disclosure intentions. These findings suggest that CM transparency plays a critical role when interacting with chatbots. Our findings also provide actionable implications for organizations in designing ethical and effective chatbot systems.
Module two resources - Evidencing Performance and Quality
No full textTMDP Module 2 resources for days 1 and 2
Demographic rates of Adélie penguins from Approximate Bayesian Computation and time-lapse cameras
No full textThe underlying mechanisms by which Pygoscelis penguin populations are changing cannot be fully understood without knowledge of how stressors influence specific phases of their life histories. We developed a method to estimate key vital rates of Adélie penguins- age-specific survival, breeding success, and breeding propensity- using Approximate Bayesian Computation and data from time series of abundances and breeding success samples. Our goals were to (1.) estimate demographic vital rates without tracking individuals, (2.) determine the spatial autocorrelation of breeding propensity, and (3.) assess whether auxiliary estimates of breeding success, such as from time-lapse cameras, can improve estimates of penguin demographic rates. We estimated demographic rates for eight Adélie penguin populations in the Antarctic Peninsula region and found that time series of abundances yielded the strongest inference on average adult survival, which our model assumed was shared by all populations, and mean breeding propensity rates for two populations. Adult survival and the highest and lowest cases of breeding propensity were likely discernible because they are strong drivers of trend and interannual variability, respectively. Breeding propensity rates varied by population, though were more similar to nearby populations. This points to breeding propensity being driven primarily by local environmental factors. Surprisingly, the inclusion of auxiliary breeding success data did not improve our estimates of demographic transitions or model performance. This study demonstrates that while some demographic insights remain limited without mark-recapture data, time series of abundances can provide key information on survival and breeding propensity that is readily and cost effectively scaled up
Digital hate, health and safety, and the labour politics of public academia : “Universities don’t value this sort of work at all”
Get PDFThis article examines the institutional cultures and contradictions surrounding public-facing academic work in UK universities, particularly in regard to the backlash and harm experienced by those engaging in public discourse. Drawing on survey responses and interviews with academics, professional services and senior management, and speaker accounts from a series of public events, we interrogate how the labour of public academia is simultaneously mandated, quantified, individualised and institutionally marginalised. We evidence the persistent (under)valuing of public academia both in material terms (time, workload, resourcing) and symbolic terms (prestige, legitimacy) within a sector shaped by conflicting institutional logics. This double bind enables universities to promote researcher visibility while absolving themselves of accountability for the vulnerabilities of public exposure. Until public-facing work is taken seriously as work, it will fall outside of institutional frameworks for workplace health and safety, leaving individuals to bear the consequences unsupported. This article contributes to emerging scholarship on the politics of academic visibility and safety in the context of intensified demands for public engagement