Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
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Vigor of canola seeds through accelerated aging test and anatomical alterations.
Full text linkCanola is an oilseed crop of significant economic importance for food, feed production, and biodiesel, requiring high-quality seeds to ensure germination, uniformity, and productivity. This study evaluated the suitability seed vigor, as well as anatomical and histochemical alterations after artificial aging. Five seed lots of the Diamond cultivar were evaluated using germination, seedling emergence, and cold tests. The accelerated aging test was conducted using the traditional method and saturated solution with NaCl and KCl at 41 °C for 24 to 96 hours. Seed sections were stained for anatomical and histochemical analysis. The traditional method resulted in more significant seed deterioration, while the saturated solution with KCl for 24 hours preserved physiological quality, presenting cellular and staining patterns similar to non-aged seeds. After 96 hours in the traditional method, cellular disorganization and reduced protein bodies and lipid droplets were observed. The accelerated aging test using saturated solution with KCl at 41 °C for 24 hours proved effective in assessing seed vigor without compromising physiological integrity. A canola é uma oleaginosa de grande importância econômica para alimentação, a produção de rações e o biodiesel, demandando sementes de alta qualidade para assegurar germinação, uniformidade e produtividade. Este estudo avaliou o teste de envelhecimento acelerado para determinar o vigor das sementes, além de analisar alterações anatômicas e histoquímicas após envelhecimento artificial. Foram utilizados cinco lotes de sementes da cultivar Diamond, avaliados por testes de germinação, emergência de plântulas e frio
Hedonic pricing model for ultra-high-temperature milk market in Juiz de Fora – Brazil.
Full text linkThe dairy industry stands as one of the most significant sectors within the Brazilian food industry. Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk has notably expanded its market presence in terms of fluid milk sales. Moreover, UHT milk is available in various options, including varying fat content, added nutrients, and diverse packaging. This study aims to estimate a hedonic price model for UHT milk in the Juiz de Fora market, Brazil, with a focus on discerning premiums associated with packaging characteristics, the presence of added nutrients, fat content, supermarket chains, and location. Data for the year 2016, collected from all supermarkets in the municipality, were used. The most robust model revealed a price premium over the baseline product, with increments of +0.44 R/liter (+51.88%) for iron, +0.89 R/liter (+46.28%) for the Lactose-free attribute, and +0.27 R$/liter (+7.22%) for semi-skimmed milk. These findings hold significant implications for the dairy industry, guiding product portfolio strategies, market share considerations, and profitability assessments
Consumo de ninfas de tripes por larvas de crisopídeo.
Full text linkO crisopídeo, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), é um predador voraz de artrópodes-praga em várias culturas agrícolas. Entretanto, não se conhece o potencial de C. externa na redução populacional de Heliothrips longisensibilis Xie, Mound & Zhang (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) em mangueira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de ninfas de H. longisensibilis por larvas de C. externa, criados em folhas de mangueira. As larvas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro ínstar de C. externa foram individualizadas e acondicionadas em placas de Petri (5 cm de diâmetro) contendo um disco de folha de mangueira, papel filtro umedecido com água destilada (2 ml) e ninfas de primeiro ínstar de H. longisensibilis. As ninfas de H. longisensibilis foram fornecidas em quantidade superior à capacidade predatória de C. externa, conforme determinado em teste preliminar. As placas foram mantidas sob condições controladas (25 ± 1 °C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas). Avaliou-se após 24 horas o número de tripes mortos que apresentavam aspecto retorcido ou desidratado, característico da ação predatória. Utilizou-se o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), com 3 tratamentos e 10 repetições cada. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Walis e as médias confrontadas pelo teste de multicomparação de Dunn (p<0,05). Constataram-se diferenças no número de ninfas consumidas em função dos ínstares do crisopídeo. Foram consumidas, em média, 4,8; 7,6 e 45,0 ninfas por larvas do primeiro, segundo terceiro ínstar, respectivamente. Verificou-se que o consumo dos tripes aumentou ao longo do desenvolvimento de C. externa, sendo o terceiro ínstar o estádio com maior capacidade de consumo
Reduction of nutrients concentration in culture medium has no effect on bovine embryo production, pregnancy and birth rates.
Full text linkTo improve the quality of in vitro produced (IVP) embryos and reduce pregnancy losses, we proposed to reduce the components of the synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium by 0% (SOF100), 50% (SOF50), and 75% (SOF25). First, embryos produced under these three treatments were evaluated for production, quality, lipid content, gene expression, and methylation patterns. The results indicated that all parameters analyzed were similar across all treatments (P > 0.05), suggesting that reducing media components does not affect embryo development and quality. Subsequently, we selected SOF25 for comparison with SOF100 in a commercial laboratory setting, evaluating embryo production, response to cryopreservation, gestation rate, and offspring birth. The data demonstrated that a 75% reduction in SOF medium components did not affect embryo development, quality, pregnancy rate, embryonic losses between 30 and 60 days, or birth rate (P > 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the pregnancy and birth rates of bovine blastocysts produced in media with nutrient concentrations as low as 25%. These results introduce novel cultural conditions that can be immediately incorporated into the IVF routine
Impacto do aumento de temperatura e déficit hídrico no crescimento inicial do Manihot.
Full text linkA restrição hídrica e as temperaturas elevadas da região semiárida do nordeste brasileiro limitam a oferta e qualidade das plantas forrageiras, afetando a pecuária. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento inicial de genótipos de Manihot em função do déficit hídrico e aumento da temperatura. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de mudanças climáticas da Embrapa Semiárido, em câmaras de crescimento do tipo Fitotron, com controle de temperatura, fotoperíodo, umidade e luz. O plantio foi realizado por meio de estaquia em vasos com capacidade de 5 litros. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x2x3, sendo três níveis de disponibilidade hídrica: 25, 50 e 100%, dois regimes de temperatura: 24,8-30,8-37,8 °C e 26,3-32,3-39,3 °C e três genótipos de Manihot, uma maniçoba (79) e duas mandiocas (G.O e E.L). O manejo da irrigação foi realizado a cada dois dias, utilizando aparelho TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry). Aos 90 dias após o plantio realizou-se a avaliação da altura do broto (cm), com auxílio de uma trena métrica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas entre si pelo teste Scott Knott, sendo utilizada análise de regressão entre os níveis de disponibilidade hídrica. O aumento de 1,5 °C na temperatura do ar reduziu em 17% a altura do broto. Quando comparados os genótipos, observou-se que o G.O apresentou maior altura do broto, com média de 65 cm, o genótipo E.L com média de 56 cm, enquanto o genótipo 79 apresentou uma média de 48 cm. O déficit hídrico (25%) reduz drasticamente a altura do broto, com média de 35,71 cm. Já a disponibilidade hídrica de 50% e 100% proporcionaram uma média de 62,13 e 71,87 cm, respectivamente. O déficit hídrico e o aumento da temperatura afetam o crescimento inicial de genótipos de Manihot, reduzindo a altura dos brotos. A mandioca mostrou melhor desempenho em comparação a maniçoba, com destaque para o genótipo G.O
Antioxidant potential of pequi esters (Caryocar coriaceum) in bovine semen cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization.
Full text linkBovine semen cryopreservation is a fundamental procedure in animal reproduction. However, it is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause significant damage to spermatozoa, leading to infertility and reduced sperm quality. In this context, using seminal diluents enriched with antioxidants presents a promising strategy for minimizing or even reversing these harmful effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of pequi (Caryocar coriaceum) esters as a supplement to bovine semen cryopreservation diluents. Fortytwo ejaculates were collected from six bulls that had undergone an andrological examination and were deemed suitable
Responses of hybrid bell pepper in the open field with the use of hydrogel and different water regimes.
Full text linkEfficient water management in water scarcity is essential when irrigating cultivated plants, especially in regions of recurrent drought. This study aimed to evaluate the responses to the application of hydrogel doses and the use of different water regimes in terms of the productivity and water efficiency of bell pepper plants grown in the open field
Perfil sensorial de análogo de hambúrguer vegetal à base de coprodutos de babaçu e proteínas vegetais.
Full text linkA crescente preocupação com o impacto ambiental e a busca por alternativas alimentares sustentáveis têm impulsionado o desenvolvimento de produtos plant-based. Este estudo objetivou elaborar hambúrgueres vegetais utilizando resíduos de coco babaçu e outros ingredientes regionais, explorando seu perfil sensorial e aceitação. Quatro formulações foram desenvolvidas com diferentes proporções de fibra de coco babaçu e óleo de coco. Os hambúrgueres foram avaliados por análises sensoriais, incluindo os métodos Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) e Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA), e submetidos a testes de aceitação e intenção de compra. Os resultados demonstraram que a coloração e o sabor foram significativamente influenciados pelas proporções de fibra e óleo de coco. A formulação com maior teor de óleo (15F25G) foi associada a atributos como "maciez" e "suculência", enquanto a formulação com maior teor de fibra (35F5G) apresentou características mais densas e fibrosas. O "aroma de coco" foi unanimemente identificado e bem aceito em todas as formulações. O "sabor picante" destacou-se em formulações intermediárias, como 20F20G e 30F10G, indicando o impacto positivo do equilíbrio entre fibra e óleo de coco nos atributos sensoriais. A análise de intenção de compra revelou maior preferência pelas formulações 35F5G e 15F25G, sugerindo que tanto a textura firme quanto a maciez podem atrair diferentes perfis de consumidores. Conclui-se que o aproveitamento de resíduos de coco babaçu em hambúrgueres vegetais não apenas promove inovação e sustentabilidade, mas também atende às expectativas sensoriais e de mercado, demonstrando seu potencial para fortalecer a economia circular e valorizar recursos regionais.Sensory profile of a plant-based burger analog made from babassu byproducts and vegetable proteins
Three decades of irrigated sugarcane cropping increased the soil carbon stock and substituted most of the original carbon in the brazilian drylands.
Full text linkSoil carbon (C) dynamics are increasingly studied because of their role in theglobal C cycle and potential influence on atmospheric carbon dioxide con-centrations and climatic changes. The substitution of native forests by cropfields usually decreases soil C stocks. However, C stocks may increase inirrigated fields of semiarid areas because high biomass production and litterincorporation may compensate for the fast turnover of organic matter. Using13C isotopic techniques, we determined soil C dynamics in the 1 m super-ficial layer, in irrigated sugarcane fields established 10 and 30 years before.From 57% to 78% of the original C stock were lost after 10 years of cultivationand from 85% to 95% after 30 years. However, these high losses were morethan compensated by sugarcane biomass inputs, and the total soil C stockincreased from 94 to 169 Mg ha-1 between 10 and 30 years of cultivation.This last C stock is higher than any reported for soils in the Brazilian semiaridregion. Therefore, substituting native dry deciduous forests by irrigatedpermanent sugarcane in semiarid areas may increase soil C stocks, contraryto most rain-fed and irrigated cropping systems with crops that accumulateless biomass than sugarcane
Adoption and diversity of agroforestry systems in the Amazon Biome: a bibliometric overview.
Full text linkAgroforestry systems (AFSs) exhibit varied composition and dynamics as intrinsic characteristics of their specificities. In this context, a review of the adoption, composition, and dynamics of AFSs in the Amazon biome was conducted to identify the origin, institutions, and researchers of published studies with results on this scientific topic, focused on trends and characteristics of AFSs diversity in the Amazon. The methodology adopted was a scoping review, based on searches in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, using specific keywords to ensure that the articles addressed topics related to the adoption, composition, and dynamics of AFSs in the Amazon. Following the selection of subtopics, 66 articles were selected and analyzed. The analysis revealed that research on AFSs in the Amazon highlights interactions among traditional knowledge, innovations, and sustainability. The analysis of research published between 1996 and 2023 indicated growth in studies with an interdisciplinary focus, primarily from Brazil. However, internationalization, collaborative networks, and funding factors contribute to the prominence of foreign institutions. Research studies often address topics such as species diversity, agrobiodiversity, and tree growth in agroforestry intercrops. In this context, homegarden agroforestry (HAF) emerges as one of the main subjects of study, encompassing multifunctional environments, richness diversity, and ongoing experimentation with plant species. The choice of species for AFSs is influenced by factors such as labor, personal preferences, and market demands, although loggers and commercial forestry systems tend to have lower diversity, contrasting with HAF. AFSs implementation methods vary according to financing, management, and the farmer’s education and gender. Environmental conservation, food security, ecosystem services, and production flexibility are highlighted as benefits of AFSs, while challenges include technical and economic limitations. This research highlights the strengthening and consolidation of AFSs by addressing scientific gaps and demonstrating the need for studies on the adoption, consolidation, and management of these systems, as well as the relationship between diversity and yield. Future research should be concentrated on deepening studies on the relationship between diversity and yield in AFSs, as well as on management strategies that support the consolidation of these systems in the Amazon biome, integrating innovation, public policy support, and traditional knowledge of farmers