Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
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Diagnosis of acaricide resistance in Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in grapevines from the São Francisco Valley, Brazil.
Full text linkThe intensive use of acaricides, such as abamectin, in the S˜ao Francisco Valley region of Brazil has increased selection pressure on the red mite Oligonychus punicae, leading to frequent reports of field control failures. This study evaluated the hypothesis that repeated abamectin use for tetranychid mite control in grapevines has led to a high frequency of resistance in O. punicae populations. This study aimed to detect and document abamectin resistance in O. punicae populations infesting grapevines. To assess potential cross-resistance, toxicity assays were also conducted with bifenthrin and pyridaben—other acaricides registered for Tetranychus urticae control in Brazilian vineyards. Tested populations of O. punicae exposed to a diagnostic concentration of 9 mg L 1 aba- mectin were classified as resistant, with resistance ratios reaching up to 398-fold relative to the susceptible population. In contrast, the label-recommended concentrations of bifenthrin and pyridaben caused 100 % mortality in all tested populations, although resistance ratios varied from 1- to 25-fold. A significant positive correlation was observed between the LC90 values of abamectin and bifenthrin; however, the results suggest a pattern of multiple resistance rather than cross-resistance among the tested acaricides. Understanding the evo- lution of acaricide resistance in O. punicae is essential for developing effective pest control and resistance management strategies in viticulture
Acrylamide and 4-methylimidazole in robusta amazônico and conilon capixaba coffees: a comparative analysis of their levels and antioxidant capacity in high-quality Brazilian Canephora.
Full text linkCoffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, and concerns regarding heat-formed con- taminants such as acrylamide and 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) have increased. Data on these compounds in specialty Coffea canephora remain limited, despite the growing relevance of Conilon and Robusta production in Brazil. This study evaluated specialty Conilon Capixaba (Espírito Santo) and Robusta Amazˆonico (Rondˆonia) coffees. Acrylamide and 4-MEI were quantified by LC-MS/MS and GC–MS, respectively, along with selected chemical precursors, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity (ORAC). A total of 30 roasted and 11 green coffee samples were analyzed. Acrylamide levels ranged from 94.32 to 343.06 μg/kg, consistent with values reported in the literature and below the European Union benchmark of 400 μg/kg for roasted coffee. In contrast, 4-MEI concentrations were low (<LOD–106.16 μg/kg), remaining below those typically reported for non- specialty Canephora and Arabica coffees. Green coffees presented an average polyphenol content of 53.38 mg GAE/g, decreasing to 37.94 mg GAE/g after roasting due to thermal degradation. Antioxidant activity (ORAC) varied considerably among green samples, ranging from 105.55 to 189.11 μmol Trolox/g (average: 144.88 μmol/ g). Statistical analyses indicated a positive correlation between reducing sugars and acrylamide formation, as well as an association between polyphenol content in green coffee and 4-MEI. Multivariate analysis revealed marked chemical variability even among samples from the same region, underscoring the heterogeneity of Brazilian specialty Canephora coffees. Overall, the results confirm that specialty Canephora coffees exhibit low levels of heat-induced contaminants while maintaining significant bioactive potential, supporting their valori- zation within the Brazilian specialty coffee sector
Fertilization efects on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) pond grow-out systems.
Full text linkThis study quantified nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) budgets in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultured for 10 months in fertilized and unfertilized ponds in a tropical region. Juveniles (94 ± 15 g) were stocked at 0.55 fish m−2 in 600-m2 ponds, with four replicates per treatment. Inputs consisted of water, feed, fish, and fertilizer, whereas outputs included harvested fish, sediment, and outlet water. Feed and inlet water were the primary sources of nutrients in the pond systems, while outlet water and fish biomass represented the major nutrient outputs. Total N input was higher in fertilized ponds, whereas total P input was similar between treatments. Feed contributed a larger proportion of total N and P in unfertilized ponds than in fertilized ponds. In fertilized ponds, fertilizer accounted for 19% of total N and 6% of total P. Total N and P outputs did not differ between treatments, although N output showed high variability due to sediment accumulation. Fish recovered 15–20% of N and 22% of P inputs. Greater N use efficiency was observed in unfertilized ponds. Overall, fertilization did not improve nutrient recovery or total nutrient output but reduced feed inputs, suggesting that fertilizer, particularly nitrogen, should be carefully evaluated regarding its environmental and economic relevance in tambaqui pond culture
Anaerobic compensation point can effectively extend Palmer mango shelf-life in CA storage.
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to identify the anaerobic compensation point (ACP) required to maximally inhibit aerobic respiration and extend postharvest life of ‘Palmer’ mangos produced on ‘Espada’ rootstock in the summer and winter growing seasons in Brazil. The study was composed by two experiments. The first was carried out to determine the ACP (minimum pO2 required to maximally inhibit aerobic respiration) of ‘Palmer’ mangos during storage at 9 ◦C. The second was carried out to validate the minimum pO2 to store the fruit under dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA). In the first experiment, the fruit were harvested at the commercial maturity in the summer and winter growing seasons and stored for 49 days at 9 ◦C with 90–95 % relative humidity. Every week, the fruit were hermetically sealed in 20 L containers, where O2, CO2, and ethanol concentrations were monitored during 35 h. The minimum pO2 required to maximally inhibit fruit aerobic respiration was determined at the beginning of ethanol production, which indicates a shift of fruit aerobic to anaerobic respiration (ACP). The minimum pO2 to efficiently inhibit aerobic respiration of ‘Palmer’ mangos ranged from 0.3 kPa to 4.7 kPa in summer and 1.75–11.15 kPa in winter growing seasons. Fruit harvested in the following growing season and stored in DCA with the minimum pO2 showed lower aerobic respiration, mass loss, as well as better maintenance of skin and pulp color, firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA ratio, compared to fruit stored only under refrigerated atmosphere at 9 ◦C for 60 days
Perceptions of local food consumption and sensory acceptance of cashew products among tourists in Ceará, Brazil.
Full text linkThis study investigated tourists’ perceptions, familiarity, and sensory acceptance of cashew-derived products in Beberibe, Ceará, Brazil—a major cashew-producing region and popular tourist destination. Recognizing the growing role of gastronomy in tourism, the research examined the potential of local cashew products to enhance gastronomic tourism and contribute to regional economic development. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining an online survey of 132 tourists with sensory tests of five cashew-based products: cashew juice, cajuina, cashew fruit confection, cashew syrup, and a plant-based croquette made from cashew fiber. The survey assessed tourists’ motivations to try local foods and their attitudes toward cashew products using a five-point Likert scale, while sensory evaluations applied a nine-point hedonic scale and a five-point purchase intent scale. Results indicated that most tourists were interested in trying new foods and valued consuming local food, particularly products from family farms. Moreover, participants reported that they would be more likely to purchase local food if informed about the region’s history, culture, and production processes. High levels of acceptance were observed for cashew fruit confection, cajuina, and the croquette, each achieving mean sensory scores of 8.0 or above. By integrating sensory testing with motivational and demographic analyses, this study underscores the potential of cashew products to promote gastronomic tourism and provides actionable insights for stakeholders seeking to strengthen marketing strategies and support local economic growth. Practical measures such as improved packaging, storytelling, and short marketing circuits may further enhance product visibility
Stomata counting automation facilitates C. canephora tetraploid selection.
Full text linkChromosome doubling can enhance reproductive compatibility between genotypes with different ploidy levels. We ́ve been using anti-mitotics to double a C. canephora clone chromosome number in order to facilitate nematode resistance introgression to C. arabica cultivars. Tetraploid plants will be homozygous, and will be potentially able to contribute complete resistance gene sets for interspecific hybrid progenies. Once treated with anti-mitotics, the plants had the stomata counted as the initial screening for tetraploids. The chromosome number is inversely correlated to the stomata number in diploid and tetraploid C. canephora plants [1]. Stomata counting is, nevertheless, time consuming and monotonous. The objective of this work was to test a software tool to identify and quantify stomata and compare scores with human scores produced by different people
Atlas da Bioeconomia inclusiva na Amazônia informações e análises sobre realidades diferenciadas para subsídio a ações em sociobioeconomia.
No full textO atlas tem o objetivo de sistematizar dados socioeconômicos e ambientais para mapear a diversidade das realidades rurais na Amazônia brasileira e, assim, subsidiar políticas públicas focadas na bioeconomia, definida pelo governo como um modelo de desenvolvimento produtivo e econômico que utiliza a biodiversidade de forma sustentável, regenerativa e conservacionista para gerar valor, trabalho e equilíbrio climático (Decreto no 12.044/2024). A obra prioriza o eixo da sociobioeconomia (bioeconomia da biodiversidade) da Estratégia Nacional, partindo do pressuposto de que a bioeconomia desejável deve aliar a conservação ambiental com o desenvolvimento inclusivo para melhorar o bem-estar e fortalecer sistemas produtivos eficazes contra a crise climática
Heaping as a clonal multiplication method of selected peach palm plants (Bactris gasipaes Kunth).
Full text linkThe peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is a palm tree native to the Amazon, mainly cultivated for fruit, oil, and the heart of palm production. Rescuing vigorous plants is crucial to reproducing individuals with high productive potential. The shoots at the base of the mother plant allow propagation, but their survival depends on post-transplant adaptation. Heaping is a soil tillage and refers to the act of accumulating soil at the base of the plant to stimulate the growth of new roots and shoots. This work aimed to induce root development in peach palm shoots, cultivated in the field, isolated from the mother plant, and subjected to heaping. The selected shoots were isolated at two different times, in summer (March/2022) and winter (July/2022), and remained under this condition until evaluation (November/2022). All shoots that survived isolation developed adventitious roots and were transplanted to the field, where they remained for 90 days. The survival rate of shoots isolated in summer was 58%, and in winter it was 69%. This indicates no statistically significant difference in isolation time. The survival rate after transplanting was 74%, which shows that heaping provides conditions for the formation of new roots in peach palm shoots after isolation, allowing the formation of clonal seedlings
Microrregiões geográficas do estado do Amapá.
Full text linkEsta obra visa, sobretudo, subsidiar estratégias, planos, programas e políticas orientadas a uma agenda de ação em prol da bioeconomia que se traduza em oportunidades para a promoção da inovação, com valorização das economias da floresta e da sociobiodiversidade, e ampliação da participação nos mercados, com reflexos na renda e na qualidade de vida das populações amazônidas.Encarte do livro: PORRO, R. (ed.). Atlas da Bioeconomia Inclusiva na Amazônia: informações e análises sobre realidades diferenciadas para subsídio a ações em sociobioeconomia. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2025
Valorisation of invasive plant (Rhododendron ponticum) biomass into activated biochar as a sustainable adsorbent for emerging pharmaceutical contaminant removal from water.
Full text linkThe common issue of water contamination by pharmaceuticals are increasingly recognised as emerging contaminants in water as they pose significant environmental and health risks, necessitating innovative and sustainable approaches to water treatment. Activated biochar represents an effective solution for the removal of pharmaceuticals from water. Here, the focus was on the valorisation of Rhododendron ponticum, an invasive plant species in Ireland, into high-surface-area activated biochar through thermochemical treatments. In this work, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was used for activation at two different temperatures (550 and 650 °C), which resulted in activated biochars that exhibited excellent adsorption properties with surface area of 876.3 and 869.2 m2 g−1 when treated at 550 and 650 °C, respectively. Structural and composition properties of the produced biochars were investigated by elemental CHNS (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur) composition analysis, moisture content, fixed carbon, ash, and volatile matter. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), commonly referred to as aspirin, was used as a model pharmaceutical compound, and its removal from water was significantly enhanced by the activation process. The inactivated biochar showed the lowest ASA adsorption (113 mg g−1), whereas the activated biochar exhibited much higher adsorption levels (267–296 mg g−1). These results demonstrate that the biochar produced here is highly effective for the removal of aspirin from water. By converting problematic invasive biomass into a valuable resource, this work contributes to addressing environmental concerns associated with both invasive species and water pollution by developing eco-friendly adsorbent materials for removing emerging pharmaceutical contaminants from water.First online