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Integration of information literacy in the Library and Information Science curriculum in Mozambique
No full textIntroduction: Information literacy is a set of processes, knowledge, skills and learning that are essential in contemporary society, as it enables people to be aware and critical in the production, use and sharing of information. Aim: The objective of this research was to investigate the inclusion of the topic of information literacy in the curriculum of librarianship courses located in Mozambique. Methodology: The research was developed in two stages: documentary research that consisted of the analysis of the curricula of the Escola Superior de Jornalismo (ESJ) and the Escola de Comunica & ccedil;& atilde;o e Artes of the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique. Interviews were also conducted with 22 students in the third and fourth years of these courses. Results: The results indicated the absence of specific subjects and contents that use the nomenclature of information literacy. Implicit elements were identified in subjects of the courses that cover contents that can potentially develop aspects of information literacy. Conclusion: It is essential to make information literacy explicit in Mozambican librarianship courses, in the form of disciplines and other specific activities, since these courses are responsible for qualifying people with skills and knowledge for planning and implementing educational programs in libraries and other formal and informal environments.Escola Super Jornalismo Maputo Mozambique, Maputo, MozambiqueUniv Estadual Paulista Marilia, Marilia, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista Marilia, Marilia, SP, Brazi
Temperatura ambiente y hospitalizaciones de niños por enfermedades respiratorias en Cuiabá-MT, Brasil
No full textEste estudio evaluó el papel de la temperatura y las partículas finas en las hospitalizaciones de niños residentes en Cuiabá-MT, Brasil, obtenido de DATASUS, entre el 01/01/2016 y el 31/12/2018. Se estimaron las concentraciones diarias de partículas finas contaminantes utilizando el modelo matemático CAMS, proporcionado por CPTEC. Se incluyeron diagnósticos de traqueítis y laringitis, neumonía, bronquitis, bronquiolitis y asma. El INMET proporcionó datos sobre temperaturas máximas, mínimas y humedad relativa. Se realizó el análisis estadístico con tres modelos de regresión de Poisson aditivos generalizados, uno de los cuales incluía únicamente la temperatura mínima, otro incluía el contaminante y el último con una variable de interacción. Hubo 1.612 hospitalizaciones en el período; se identificaron asociaciones entre temperatura mínima y hospitalizaciones en los rezagos 1 a 5 en el modelo multivariado; el efecto del aumento de la temperatura mínima en 4°C resultó en un aumento del riesgo de hospitalizaciones en un 18%; a este incremento se le atribuye el 15,2% de las hospitalizaciones y un exceso de ≈ US 68,000.00 nos gastos para o sistema de saúde, durante o período avaliado. Foi possível identificar que elevação na temperatura mínima diária pode causar danos à saúde da criança.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia e CiênciasInstituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São PauloUNESP, Faculdade de Engenharia e CiênciasUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia e CiênciasUNESP, Faculdade de Engenharia e CiênciasCNPq: 305656/2017-
High-Precision Phenotyping in Soybeans: Applying Multispectral Variables Acquired at Different Phenological Stages
No full textSoybean stands out for being the most economically important oilseed in the world. Remote sensing techniques and precision agriculture are being analyzed through research in different agricultural regions as a technological system aiming at productivity and possible low-cost reduction. Machine learning (ML) methods, together with the advent of demand for remotely piloted aircraft available on the market in the recent decade, have been conducive to remote sensing data processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the best ML and input configurations in the classification of agronomic variables in different phenological stages. The spectral variables were obtained in three phenological stages of soybean genotypes: V8 (at 45 days after emergence—DAE), R1 (60 DAE), and R5 (80 DAE). A Sensefly eBee fixed-wing RPA equipped with the Parrot Sequoia multispectral sensor coupled to the RGB sensor was used. The Sequoia multispectral sensor with an RGB sensor acquired reflectance at wavelengths of blue (450 nm), green (550 nm), red (660 nm), near-infrared (735 nm), and infrared (790 nm). The following were used to evaluate the agronomic traits: days to maturity, number of branches, productivity, plant height, height of the first pod insertion and diameter of the main stem. The random forest (RF) model showed greater accuracy with data collected in the R5 stage, whose accuracies were close to 56 for the percentage of correct classifications (CC), close to 0.2 for Kappa, and above 0.55 for the F-score. Logistic regression (RL) and support vector machine (SVM) models showed better performance in the early reproductive stage R1, with accuracies above 55 for CC, close to 0.1 for Kappa, and close to 0.4 for the F-score. J48 performed better with data from the V8 stage, with accuracies above 50 for CC and close to 0.4 for the F-score. This reinforces that the use of different specific spectra for each model can enhance accuracy, optimizing the choice of model according to the phenological stage of the plants.Department of Agronomy State University of São Paulo (UNESP), SPDepartment of Agronomy Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), MSDepartment of Geography State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), MTDepartment of Agronomy State University of São Paulo (UNESP), S
Characterization of collagen biostimulators through texture analysis in cone beam computed tomography scans
No full textApesar de seguros, biomateriais empregados nos procedimentos estéticos de bioestimulo de colágeno podem apresentar efeitos adversos, como também reações com procedimentos prévios na mesma região, sendo um desafio para o profissional e potencial risco ao paciente. Achados de imagem incidentais destes materiais são relatados na literatura, podendo ser considerados fatores confundidores de diagnóstico diferencial de patologia na região. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar materiais bioestimuladores de colágeno faciais. Com a finalidade de agregar a literatura existente, promovendo procedimentos mais seguros para profissionais e pacientes e facilitando o diagnóstico diferencial de patologias verdadeiras da região bucomaxilofacial. 15 pacientes com queixa flacidez facial foram divididos em 3 grupos: HCA – Hidroxiapatita de cálcio (n= 5): Bioestimulador a base hidroxiapatita de cálcio da marca RennovaDiamond®; PLAA – Ácido Poli-L-láctico (n= 5): bioestimulador a base ácido poli-L-láctico (PLLA) da marca Rennova® (Elleva); e HACA – Harmonyca (n= 5): material preenchedor bioestimulador a base de ácido
hialurônico (AH) e hidroxiapatita de cálcio da marca Allergan® (Harmonyca), sendo que todas as aplicações foram feitas em retroinjeção subdérmica com cânula. Por meio de exame de imagem utilizando a Tomografia computadorizada de feixe-cônico
(TCFC), foram avaliadas as características dos biomateriais utilizados por meio do estudo de 11 fatores de análise de textura, sendo coletadas imagens após o procedimento. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos ao teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk. Posteriormente, foi realizada análise de variância (ANOVA) one way com Teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%, para comparação entre os dados obtidos na análise de textura das três imagens axiais (P<0,05). Os resultados mostraram diferença estatística significativa para entropia, soma das
médias, soma das variâncias, correlação, soma dos quadrados, momento da diferença inversa, e contraste. Sendo que a HCA apresentou maiores valores em: Contraste, Soma dos quadrados e Soma das variâncias e menores valores em momento de diferença inversa e correlação. Já o PLLA apresentou menores valores para soma das médias.Despite being considered safe, biomaterials used in aesthetic collagen biostimulation procedures can have adverse effects and may interact with previous procedures in the same area, presenting challenges for professionals and potential risks for patients. The literature reports incidental imaging findings of these materials, which may be considered confounding factors in the differential diagnosis of pathology in the region. Therefore, the objective of this study is to characterize facial collagen biostimulating materials, with the goal of contributing to the existing literature, promoting safer procedures for both professionals and patients, and facilitating the differential diagnosis of true pathologies in the oral and maxillofacial region. Fifteen patients complaining of facial sagging were divided into three groups: the first group used calcium hydroxyapatite (HCA), specifically the Rennova® brand; the second group used poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), from the Rennova® (Elleva) brand; and the third group used Harmonyca (HACA), a biostimulating filler material based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite from the Allergan® (Harmonyca) brand. All applications were performed via subdermal retroinjection with a cannula. Through imaging examination using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), the study evaluated the characteristics of the biomaterials using 11 texture analysis factors, with images collected after the procedure. The data were tabulated and subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Subsequently, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with Tukey's post hoc test or the Kruskal-Wallis test, using a significance level of 5%, to compare the data obtained in the texture analysis of the three axial images (P<0.05). The results showed significant statistical differences for entropy, sum of variances, correlation, sum of squares, moment of inverse difference, sum of means, and contrast. The HCA group exhibited higher values for contrast, sum of squares, and sum of variances, but lower values for the moment of inverse difference and correlation. The PLLA group presented lower values for the sum of means
Application of Wavelet Analysis and Paraconsistent Feature Extraction in the Classification of Voice Pathologies
No full textObjectives: This study explores the application of wavelet analysis and paraconsistent logic for the classification of voice pathologies. The primary objective is to develop a methodology combining signal decomposition techniques and intelligent classification to distinguish between healthy and pathological voice samples. Methods: Voice signals from the Saarbruecken Voice Database were preprocessed and decomposed using the discrete-time wavelet packet transform across multiple levels. Features such as energy, entropy, and zero-crossing rate (ZCR) were extracted for classification using support vector machines. Additionally, a paraconsistent logic framework was implemented to handle uncertainty and class overlap, enhancing classification. Six wavelet families were analyzed, including Haar, Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflets, Beylkin, and Vaidyanathan, to identify the most suitable filters for each pathology. Results: The proposed method achieved high classification accuracy, surpassing several state-of-the-art approaches. The best-performing filters varied by pathology, with Sym32, Beylkin18, and Vaidyanathan24 excelling for dysphonia, Daub4, Daub12, Sym8, and Coif6 for Reinke's edema, and Haar, Sym32, and Coif6 for recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Energy and ZCR proved particularly effective as features, while entropy exhibited limited performance in this context. Conclusions: The integration of wavelet-based signal analysis and paraconsistent logic offers a powerful approach for voice pathology classification. This methodology not only improves classification accuracy but also provides a computationally efficient framework suitable for clinical applications. Future work will focus on expanding datasets and developing real-time diagnostic tools.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering of São Carlos University of São PauloInstituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas Unesp - Universidade Estadual Paulista (São Paulo State University), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jd Nazareth, São PauloInstituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação University of São PauloInstituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas Unesp - Universidade Estadual Paulista (São Paulo State University), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jd Nazareth, São Paul
Predicting carbon footprint in stochastic dynamic routing using Bayesian Markov random fields
No full textEvaluating carbon emissions in last-mile logistics is critical for achieving climate goals, yet current models lack integration of spatiotemporal traffic dynamics and climate factors. This study aims to (1) develop a Bayesian Markov random field model integrating spatiotemporal traffic data and speed scenarios influenced by precipitation, (2) quantify carbon dioxide emissions from last-mile logistics illustrated by maintenance dispatches in power distribution systems using a widely recognized traffic speed to CO2 conversion method, and (3) provide actionable strategies for reducing emissions in last-mile logistics. Achieving a traffic speed prediction accuracy with an approximate error of 2%, the proposed model quantified carbon emissions under dynamic routing conditions. Simulation results from maintenance dispatches in power distribution systems indicate that, under average failure conditions, the annual carbon emissions from two teams operating in São Paulo are equivalent to the carbon dioxide absorbed by approximately five hectares of trees. These findings underscore the critical importance of incorporating environmental considerations into reliability assessments. While the study focuses on power distribution systems, the proposed framework is broadly applicable to any last-mile logistics problem, offering actionable insights—such as optimizing dispatch frequencies—to minimize emissions. By addressing the cumulative environmental impact of routine operations, this research supports the transition to carbon-neutral last-mile services and promotes responsible logistics practices across industries worldwide.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)International Business Machines CorporationConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of São Paulo (USP), 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Ave., SPDepartment of Electrical Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), 333 Ariberto Pereira da Cunha Ave., SPDepartment of Electrical Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), 333 Ariberto Pereira da Cunha Ave., SPFAPESP: 2014/50851-0CNPq: 2018/19150-6FAPESP: 2019/07665-4CNPq: 465755/2014-
Fourteen weeks of β-alanine supplementation and HIIT did not improve serum BDNF concentrations and Stroop test performance
No full textThis study aimed to investigate whether 14 weeks of β-alanine supplementation and high-intensity intermittent training improves brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations and cognitive aspects related to executive functions assessed by the Stroop test. Thirteen healthy and active men underwent a 4-week supplementation period (β-alanine: 6.4 g/d or a placebo) followed by 10-week supplementation combined with high-intensity intermittent training, totaling 14 weeks of intervention. Participants underwent a graded exercise test, while the blood samples for brain-derived neurotrophic factor analysis and the Stroop test (cognitive task) were assessed before and after a high-intensity intermittent exercise (10 runs of 1:1 min effort and a pause ratio at 130% of respiratory compensation point). These measurements were performed three times across the study being at baseline, after 4 weeks of supplementation (POST 4weeks) and at the end of the 14 weeks of study (POST 14weeks). Compared to baseline values, there were no improvements in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations or Stroop test performance with either β-alanine or high-intensity intermittent training. Lactate peak concentrations in a high-intensity intermittent exercise session also did not differ between groups. However, high-intensity intermittent training did improve some cardiorespiratory parameters (i.e., intensity associated with V˙O 2max p =0.01 and respiratory compensation point, p =0.01). In conclusion, β-alanine supplementation alone or associated with high-intensity intermittent training did not improve the brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations and Stroop test performance in healthy men. 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.Department of Physical Education S o Paulo State University, Bauru CampusDepartment of Physical Education Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE) S o Paulo State University, Bauru CampusUniversidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Physical Education, Campus de Presidente PrudenteDepartment of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista J lio de Mesquita FilhoUniversidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita FilhoUniversidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Physical Education, Campus de Presidente PrudenteDepartment of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista J lio de Mesquita FilhoUniversidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filh
GemBode and PhiBode: Adapting Small Language Models to Brazilian Portuguese
No full textRecent advances in generative capabilities provided by large language models have reshaped technology research and human society’s cognitive abilities, bringing new innovative capacities to artificial intelligence solutions. However, the size of such models has raised several concerns regarding their alignment with hardware-limited resources. This paper presents a comprehensive study on training Portuguese-focused Small Language Models (SLMs). We have developed a unique dataset for training our models and employed full fine-tuning, as well as PEFT approaches for comparative analysis. We used Microsoft’s Phi and Google’s Gemma as base models to create our own, named PhiBode and GemBode. These models range from approximately 1 billion to 7 billion parameters, with a total of ten models developed. Our findings provide valuable insights into the performance and applicability of these models, contributing significantly to the field of Portuguese language processing. This research is a step forward in understanding and improving the performance of SLMs in Portuguese. The comparative analysis of the models provides a clear benchmark for future research in this area. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our training methods and the potential of our models for various applications. This paper significantly contributes to language model training, particularly for the Portuguese language.School of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPInstitute of Informatics Federal University of Goiás, GOSchool of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), S
From Cartilage to Matrix: Protocols for the Decellularization of Porcine Auricular Cartilage
No full textThe shortage of tissues and damaged organs led to the development of tissue engineering. Biological scaffolds, created from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of organs and tissues, have emerged as a promising solution for transplants. The ECM of decellularized auricular cartilage is a potential tool for producing ideal scaffolds for the recellularization and implantation of new tissue in damaged areas. In order to be classified as an ideal scaffold, it must be acellular, preserving its proteins and physical characteristics necessary for cell adhesion. This study aimed to develop a decellularization protocol for pig ear cartilage and evaluate the integrity of the ECM. Four tests were performed using different methods and protocols, with four pig ears from which the skin and subcutaneous tissue were removed, leaving only the cartilage. The most efficient protocol was the combination of trypsin with a sodium hydroxide solution (0.2 N) and SDS (1%) without altering the ECM conformation or the collagen architecture. In conclusion, it was observed that auricular cartilage is difficult to decellularize, influenced by material size, exposure time, and the composition of the solution. Freezing and thawing did not affect the procedure. The sample thickness significantly impacted the decellularization time.Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP)Medical School University of Marília (UNIMAR)Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Animal Anatomy Agricultural Sciences—Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF)Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP) University of São PauloMedical School University Center of Adamantina (FAI)Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation Postgraduate Department University of Marilia (UNIMAR)Postgraduate Program in Animal Health Production and Environment University of Marilia (UNIMAR)Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State Universit
Label-free ADAM10 capacitive assay for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
No full textThis study demonstrates a quantum capacitance-based approach using a peptide-redox-active interface modified with Ab1 and Ab2 ADAM10 isoform antibodies for the development of label-free and point-of-care assays that enable high-accuracy quantification of the target analyte in plasma samples. The sensitivity of the quantum capacitance to changes in interface energy upon analyte binding suggests significant potential for creating miniaturized diagnostic devices for non-communicable diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista), CP 355, São PauloInstituto Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), ValenciaDepartment of Gerontology Federal University of São Carlos, São PauloDeparment of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos, São PauloInstitute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista), CP 355, São Paul