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From litter to trees: estimating the total carbon stock in a secondary Brazilian Atlantic Forest
No full textTropical forests are important sinks of carbon. Numerous studies on aboveground biomass (AGB) have been undertaken in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, predominantly focusing on trees. However, few studies have comprehensively addressed all forest components, from litter to trees. Here, we assess the biomass and carbon contributions of multiple forest components in a selectively logged, secondary Atlantic Forest fragment in Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. In six permanent plots (50 × 20 m), we measured live and dead trees, lianas, bamboo, fallen coarse woody debris, and litter. Biomass was estimated using dry/moist weight and specific allometric equations, revealing a total AGB of 165.48 Mg ha− 1. AGB distribution was as follows: live trees (80.0%), bamboo (7.3%), standing dead trees (4.0%), woody debris (3.0%), litter (2.9%), and lianas (2.8%). While live trees stored the most carbon–especially medium and large trees–other elements, notably bamboo, and necromass, made important contributions. Considering the projected increase in secondary forests in future global scenarios, our findings provide crucial data to support the inclusion of secondary forest components in carbon conservation policies.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Juiz de ForaDepartamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio ClaroAMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations) CIRAD CNRS INRA Université de Montpellier, IRDPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulInstituto Federal do Triângulo MineiroLaboratório de Ecologia Vegetal Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de ForaDepartamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Clar
Improvement of white light generation in lanthanides triply doped oxide tellurite glasses by surface plasmon resonance
No full textO uso massivo de celulares, computadores pessoais, televisores e até mesmo interfaces gráficas presentes nos veículos de nova geração, impulsiona a demanda por telas de alta definição. A adoção do LED como fonte de luz mais eficiente e comercialmente viável que substituiu as lâmpadas incandescentes e boa parte das lâmpadas fluorescentes, também contribuiu no desenvolvimento dessas telas, muito por conta da performance da luz branca emitida por tal dispositivo. Entretanto, há uma preocupação crescente em desenvolver telas e lâmpadas que sejam agradáveis à visão dos usuários e que principalmente minimizem as alterações nos padrões de sono daqueles que ficam expostos longos períodos de tempo às tais fontes de luz. Uma alternativa dada por pesquisadores para se atingir esse objetivo, foi gerar a luz branca a partir da combinação das bandas de emissão na região visível do espectro, provenientes da fotoluminescência de íons lantanídeos incorporados em matrizes vítreas, com as intensidades de cada banda sendo controladas primariamente pela concentração dos íons presentes na matriz, mas também pela potência do feixe que inicia o processo de fotoluminescência. Apesar do progresso na geração de luz branca por meio de vidros dopados com íons lantanídeos, a pequena seção de choque de absorção desses íons e a baixa eficiência da fotoluminescência causada pelas transições 4f-4f mediadas por dipolo elétrico são os principais desafios que podem impedir sua integração em aplicações futuras. o presente projeto teve como objetivo sintetizar e caracterizar vidros óxidos teluretos co-dopados e tri-dopados com íons lantanídeos, em conjunto com nano-partículas metálicas visando a geração de luz branca. Ao longo do projeto foi adotado como matriz vítrea hospedeira o sistema ternário TeO2 – ZnO – Na2O (TZN), tendo em vista sua relativa facilidade de síntese, e reunindo as qualidades já citadas dessa classe de vidro. Os íons lantanídeos empregados foram o Tb3+ (Térbio), Eu3+ (Európio), Dy3+ (Disprósio), Nd3+ (Neodímio) e Yb3+ (Itérbio). Quanto às nano-partículas metálicas incorporadas às amostras foram adotadas a Prata (Ag) e o Ouro (Au), sendo essa última advinda do próprio cadinho no qual os vidros foram sintetizados.The massive use of cellphones, personal computers, televisions and even the graphical interfaces present in the new generation’s vehicles, it boosts the demand for high definition screens. The use of light-emitting diode (LED) as a more efficient and commercially feasible light source which replaces the incandescent light bulb and great part of the flash lamps, it also contributes in the development of such screens, due the performance of the white light emitted by this device. Nevertheless, there is an increasing concern to develop screens and lamps that are agreeable for the user’s vision and it diminishes modifications of the sleep’s patterns from those that are exposed for long periods of such light sources. An alternative white light source designed by researchers for the achievement of this goal, it was generate this source from the combination of emission bands in the visible region of spectrum, as a result of photoluminescence from lanthanides ions embedded to vitreous matrices, with the intensities of each band controlled primarily by the concentration of ions into the glasses, but it also driven by the power of excitation beam that initiates the photoluminescence process. Despite the promising progress in white light generation through lanthanides ions doped glasses, the small absorption cross-section of lanthanides ions and low luminescence efficiency caused by mediated electric dipole 4f-4f transitions are the main challenges that may hinder their integration in future applications. The present research project aimed to synthesize and characterize telluride oxide glasses co-doped and tri-doped with lanthanide ions, together with metallic nanoparticles aiming at the generation of white light. Throughout the project, the ternary system TeO2 – ZnO – Na2O (TZN) was adopted as the host glass matrix, given its relative ease of synthesis, and bringing together the qualities already mentioned of this class of glass. The lanthanide ions used were Tb3+ (Terbium), Eu3+ (Europium), Dy3+ (Dysprosium), Nd3+ (Neodymium) and Yb3+ (Ytterbium). As for the metallic nanoparticles incorporated into the samples, Silver (Ag) and Gold (Au) were adopted, the latter coming from the crucible in which the glasses were synthesized
Use of propolis in secondary intention skin lesions: a revision study
No full textA pele é o maior órgão do corpo humano, a qual desempenha uma importante função como barreira física e química do organismo, promove a proteção contra agentes microbiológicos patogênicos e previne a desidratação. Em caso de lesões cutâneas, inicia-se um processo altamente complexo, a cicatrização, que depende de eventos interdependentes e sequenciais, denominados: hemostasia/inflamação, proliferação e remodelação, os quais são essenciais para a completa reparação do tecido lesionado. Na busca por maior eficiência nesse processo, há um crescente interesse por novos produtos que possam melhorar o processo de cicatrização e reduzir os danos biológicos decorrentes da exposição do organismo às lesões. Visando o entendimento do potencial cicatrizante de novos produtos, especialmente os de origem natural, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a utilização da própolis em formulações tópicas, com o foco em estudos pré-clínicos, na base de dados PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), abrangendo o período de 2013 a 2023. Foram selecionados 21 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos na metodologia. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a própolis utilizada nos estudos relacionados à retração da pele apresenta predominância de origem equatorial e subtropical. Nos artigos incluídos nesta revisão, a própolis foi majoritariamente extraída por meio da diluição hidroalcoólica a 70%, um método que se mostrou eficaz na preservação dos compostos ativos da substância. As lesões por
segunda intenção apresentaram variações nos diâmetros, bem como nos modelos animais e nos tempos de experimentação utilizados. As formulações tópicas de própolis aplicadas no tratamento de feridas por segunda intenção apresentaram resultados satisfatórios e, quando associadas a outros componentes, mostraram-se capazes de potencializar os efeitos cicatrizantes da própolis. Ensaios antimicrobianos também evidenciaram o efeito positivo da própolis na prevenção de contaminações bacterianas na ferida. Apesar dos resultados promissores, observa-se uma grande heterogeneidade entre os 21 estudos analisados, o que evidencia a necessidade de padronização dos protocolos experimentais para permitir maior reprodutibilidade e comparação entre os resultados.The skin is the largest organ in the human body, playing an important role as a physical and chemical barrier for the body, providing protection against pathogenic microbiological agents and preventing dehydration. In the case of skin lesions, a highly complex process begins: healing, which depends on interdependent and sequential events called hemostasis/inflammation, proliferation and remodeling, which are essential for the complete repair of the injured tissue. In the search for greater efficiency in this process, there is a growing interest in new products that can improve the healing process and reduce biological damage resulting from the body's exposure to injuries. Aiming to understand the healing potential of new products, especially those of natural origin, we carried out a literature review on the use of propolis in topical formulations, focusing on preclinical studies, in the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), covering the period from 2013 to 2023. Twenty-one articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in the methodology were selected. The results obtained demonstrate that the propolis used in studies related to skin retraction is predominantly of equatorial and subtropical origin. In the articles included in this review, propolis was mostly extracted through 70% hydroalcoholic dilution, a method that proved effective in preserving the substance's active compounds. Secondary intention injuries presented variations in diameters, as well as in the animal models and experimental times used. Topical propolis formulations applied to treat wounds by secondary intention showed satisfactory results and, when associated with other components, were shown to be capable of enhancing the healing effects of propolis. Antimicrobial trials have also demonstrated the positive effect of propolis in preventing bacterial contamination in wounds. Despite the promising results, great heterogeneity was observed among the 21 studies analyzed, which highlights the need for standardization of experimental protocols to allow greater reproducibility and comparison between results
Modulation of HIF-1α and TNF-α in pre-osteoblasts treated with alcohol extract of propolis: Implications for cellular response and signaling pathways
No full textNumerous studies have demonstrated the significant role of propolis in various biological processes, including inflammation and the repair of endothelial and bone tissues. The cascade of inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling characterizes the injury site. Remarkable progress has been made in the field of alternative medicine with the utilization of propolis. In this study, we specifically investigated the effects of alcoholic extract of propolis on cell adhesion, survival, remodeling, and differentiation pathways in osteoblasts. Our findings revealed the activation of survival proteins such as AKT, ERK, and phosphorylated ERK during the adhesion phase, while interleukins, specifically IL-6 and TNF, exhibited increased expression during cell differentiation. Furthermore, treatment with propolis extract led to enhanced activity of metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) and HIF-1α, a crucial activator of angiogenesis and bone remodeling. It was observed that the alcoholic propolis extract stimulated cell proliferation, differentiation, and repair, with key molecules involved in these processes including pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNFα, as well as HIF-1, MMP2, and BMP7 proteins. Collectively, these factors induced an initial state of proliferation followed by differentiation and repair. Therefore, the alcoholic extract of propolis holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent, particularly in cases involving tissue repair. Nevertheless, further comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies targeting this area are necessary to advance our understanding.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Lab. of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São PauloDepartment of Animal Production and Exploration Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São PauloDepartment of Biophysics and Phamacology Institut of Biosciences Universidade Estadual PaulistaLab. of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São PauloDepartment of Animal Production and Exploration Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São PauloDepartment of Biophysics and Phamacology Institut of Biosciences Universidade Estadual PaulistaFAPESP: 2016/08888-9, 2014/22689-3FAPESP: 2019/04495-0FAPESP: 2019/21807-
First study confirming the transmission of Trypanosoma vivax in cattle through rectal palpation: how many animals can be infected by reusing the same procedure glove, and what role does iodine play as a disinfectant?
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate whether Trypanosoma vivax is transmitted via rectal palpation in cattle, using the same glove with different blood scores, from an animal with an acute infection of this protozoan. In addition, the efficacy of iodine as disinfectant, together with water with or without the presence of feces, to prevent the transmission of T. vivax in cattle during the rectal palpation process was evaluated in the laboratory and animals. A total of four stages were carried out, using a total of 103 animals. Stage 1 aimed to verify the presence of trypomastigote forms of T. vivax in palpation gloves after rectal palpation. Stage 2 consisted of checking the blood scores on a palpation glove and how many animals become infected with T. vivax through rectal palpation by reusing the same glove with different blood scores. Stage 3 verified the disinfectant action of 0.5% iodine in the laboratory and in the field. Stage 4 verified the disinfectant action of 1% iodine in the field. Based on the results found, for the first time, the transmission of T. vivax via rectal palpation in cattle was proven using the same glove. From one animal with acute infection by this protozoan, two to five other cattle became infected, depending on the glove blood scores. Disinfecting the glove in a 0.5% iodine solution inhibited the transmission rate of T. vivax among cattle by 70 to 80%. Disinfecting the glove in 1% iodine solution was 100% effective. This work fills gaps in the existing literature, as the transmission of T. vivax via rectal palpation in cattle was demonstrated using the same glove.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Goiás, GoiásFaculdade Anhanguera, GoiásDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Escola de Veterinária Universidade Federal de Goiás, GoiasDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Escola de Veterinária Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas GeraisDepartamento de Clínica Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual PaulistaDepartamento de Biociências e Tecnologia Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública Universidade Federal de Goiás, GoiásDepartamento de Clínica Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual PaulistaCAPES: 001CNPq: 307733/2021-
Machine learning models for predicting prostate cancer recurrence and identifying potential molecular biomarkers
No full textProstate cancer (PCa) recurrence affects between 20% and 40% of patients, being a significant challenge for predicting clinical outcomes and increasing survival rates. Although serum PSA levels, Gleason score, and tumor staging are sensitive for detecting recurrence, they present low specificity. This study compared the performance of three supervised machine learning models, Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for classifying PCa recurrence events using a dataset of 489 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Besides comparing the models performance, we searched for analyzing whether the incorporation of specific genes expression in the predictor set would enhance the prediction of PCa recurrence, then suggesting these genes as potential biomarkers of patient prognosis. The models showed accuracy above 60% and sensitivity above 65% in all combinations. ANN models were more consistent in their performance across different predictor sets. Notably, SVM models showed strong results in precision and specificity, particularly considering the inclusion of genes selected by feature selection (NETO2, AR, HPN, and KLK3), without compromising sensitivity. However, the relatively high standard deviations observed in some metrics indicate variability across simulations, suggesting a gap for additional studies via different datasets. These findings suggest that genes are potential biomarkers for predicting PCa recurrence in the dataset, representing a promising approach for early prognosis even before the main treatment.Graduate Program in Biometrics Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São PauloDepartment of Biodiversity and Biostatistics Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São PauloInstitute of Biotechnology Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU, Patos de MinasLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de JaneiroSchool of Computing Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU, Patos de MinasInstitute of Mathematics and Statistics Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU, Patos de MinasGraduate Program in Biometrics Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São PauloDepartment of Biodiversity and Biostatistics Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paul
Modernity and democracy in normal school: the School Republic in the 1920 reform in São Paulo (Brazil)
No full textAt a time when extremist movements are gaining proportions on the world stage, it is relevant to reanalyse experiences that intended to establish democracy as a principle in school education. The School Republic was one of them, which was proposed by the Sampaio Dória Reform, in 1920, taking the New School as its context; the School Republic aimed to promote modernity and provide students with knowledge and experience, and incorporate democracy. The School Republic was a student association that had the function of practical learning in civic education. Organised along the lines of a presidential republic, the association should have its own constitution to govern its operation. This article aims to analyse the School Republic proposal and its role in teacher education for democracy and to map the experiences of implementing school republics in normal schools. The starting point is that by having self-government as its axis, the student association would promote new configurations and change the constituted ethos and habitus, threatening the established and inscribed power of principals and teachers in normal schools. For Sampaio Dória, students should learn to live in a democracy through civic activities. Among other changes promoted by the reform, the more horizontal relationship between teacher and student seems to have shaken the school field, ending the school republic.Department of School Administration and Supervision São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Education State University of LondrinaDepartment of School Administration and Supervision São Paulo State Universit
Use of growth promoting microorganisms associated with natural phosphate doses in degraded signal grass pasture (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu)
No full textUrochloa brizantha cv. Marandu é uma das gramíneas forrageiras mais cultivadas no Brasil, normalmente implantada em solos ácidos e com baixo teor de fósforo. A deficiência de fósforo (P) impacta na produção, reduzindo o perfilhamento e a qualidade da forragem, além da redução da eficiência do uso de outros nutrientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se há solubilização de fosfato e compatibilidade entre os microrganismos testados in vitro. Ademais, objetivou-se avaliar se a adubação com fosfato natural (FN) isolada ou em associação com a inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus mycoides e Trichoderma yunnanense incrementam a nutrição, o crescimento e a produtividade da U. brizantha cv. Marandu em pastagem degradada (nível 2), bem como. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em condições de laboratório. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, com 64 parcelas de 3,0 m × 3,0 m, durante 2022 e 2023. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, sendo quatro doses de FN – aplicadas a lanço (0, 33, 66 e 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e 4 tratamentos de inoculação: Controle - sem inoculação com bactérias promotoras de crescimento, com inoculação das plantas com cepas de microrganismos (2 x 108 UFC mL-1): A. brasilense (Ab-V5 + Ab-V6), B. mycoides (CCT 8332), e T. yunnanense (CCT 8328), aplicados no solo via pulverização (300 mL ha-1). Na planta foram ensurados o teor de clorofila, a altura e o perfilhamento durante três cortes de novembro de 2022 a dezembro de 2023, quando as plantas apresentavam altura média de 45 cm. A produtividade de matéria seca (MS) foi analisada em cada corte, obtendo-se a média dos três cortes. Os dados obtidos foram usados para determinar o acúmulo de MS, o teor de proteína bruta e a relação folha:colmo. Os teores de nutrientes, o P extraído da produção (PEP) e a eficiência do uso de P (EUP) também foram avaliados. O Bacillus mycoides tem capacidade de solubilizar fosfato e os microrganismos testados são compatíveis para aplicação conjunta (coinoculação). O incremento de doses de fosfato natural (até 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5) beneficiam o perfilhamento, o PEP, a produtividade e acúmulo de MS, a EUP e teor de proteína de U. brizantha cv. Marandu, independentemente da inoculação com microrganismos. Sem aplicar o fosfato natural, o uso isolado de A. brasilense aumentou a altura da planta e teor de clorofila foliar, o B. mycoides incrementou o perfilhamento e a relação folha:colmo, enquanto que o T. yunnanense aumentou o perfilhamento, produtividade e acúmulo de MS, bem como o teor de proteína da gramínea forrageira e a EUP. O T. yunnanense aumentou a altura de plantas e as concentrações de Mn e de P (até a dose de 57 kg ha-1 de P2O5) na parte aérea da planta.Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu is one of the most widely cultivated forage grasses in Brazil, typically established in acidic soils with low phosphorus content. This phosphorus (P) deficiency impacts production by reducing tillering and forage quality, as well as decreasing the efficiency of using other nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate whether phosphate solubilization and microbial compatibility are observed in vitro. On the other hand, we aimed to evaluate whether fertilization with natural phosphate (NP), either alone or combined with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus mycoides, and Trichoderma yunnanense, enhances the nutrition, growth, and productivity of U. brizantha cv. Marandu in degraded pasture (level 2). The first experiment was conducted at laboratory conditions. The second experiments was conducted under field conditions with 64 plots measuring 3.0 m × 3.0 m during 2022 and 2023. A randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme was employed, with four NP doses broadcast application (0, 33, 66, and 100 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅) and four inoculation treatments: Control (no inoculation) and plant inoculation with growth- promoting microbial strains (2 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹): A. brasilense (Ab-V5 + Ab-V6), B. mycoides CCT 8332), and T. yunnanense (CCT 8328), applied to the soil via spray (300 mL ha⁻¹). Chlorophyll content, plant height, and tillering were measured during three cuts from November 2022 to December 2023, when the plants averaged 45 cm in height. Dry matter (DM) productivity was analyzed at each cut, obtaining the average DM. These data were used to determine the DM accumulation, crude protein content, and leaf-to-stem ratio. Nutrient levels, P extracted from production (PEP), and P-use efficiency (PUE) were also evaluated. Bacillus mycoides has the ability to solubilize phosphate, and the tested microorganisms are compatible for joint application (coinoculation). Increased NP doses (up to 100 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅) improved tillering, PEP, productivity and DM accumulation, PUE, and protein content of U. brizantha cv. Marandu, regardless of microbial inoculation. Without NP application, the isolated use of A. brasilense increased plant height and foliar chlorophyll content, B. mycoides enhanced tillering and the leaf-to-stem ratio, while T. yunnanense boosted tillering, productivity and DM accumulation, as well as the protein content, and PUE of the forage grass. T. yunnanense increased plant height and Mn and P concentrations (up to a dose of 57 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅) in the plant's aerial parts.
Ehrlichia Species in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and Ruminants from Somalia
No full textEhrlichioses, caused by Ehrlichia species, are tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that affect animals and humans worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. in 530 animals (155 Dromedary camels, 199 goats, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in the Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions of Somalia. Blood DNA samples were tested for PCR targeting dsb and sodB genes of Ehrlichia spp. and PCS20 and map1 genes of E. ruminantium. The obtained sequences were submitted for phylogenetic analyses. Ehrlichia spp. were detected in 26.4% (140/530) of animals by dsb-PCR, with the highest prevalence in dromedary camels (54.8%), followed by cattle (29.8%), goats (7.0%), and sheep (4.4%). Dromedary camels, cattle, and goats had significantly higher infection odds compared to sheep (p < 0.05). Among dsb-PCR-positive samples, 76.9% (30/39) of cattle tested sodB-positive, while other species were negative. E. ruminantium was detected in 13.7% (18/131) of cattle by pCS20-PCR, but none were positive for the map1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed E. minasensis in camels, sheep, and goats and E. ruminantium in cattle, marking the first molecular evidence of E. minasensis in dromedary camels, sheep, and goats globally, and E. ruminantium in cattle from Somalia. These findings emphasize the need for further research on its economic and public health impact.Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do ParanáUniversidade Federal do ParanáVector-Borne Diseases Laboratory Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Paraná, CuritibaSomali One Health Centre Abrar UniversityDepartment of Animal Health and Veterinary Services Ministry of Livestock Forestry and RangeAbrar Research and Training Centre Abrar UniversityVector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL) Department of Pathology Reproduction and One Health Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University FCAV/UNESP) Jaboticabal CEPDepartment of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Paraná, CuritibaDepartment of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at CharlotteDepartment of Slaughterhouses Somali Meat CompanyCenter for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks (CIPHER) The University of North Carolina at CharlotteDepartment of Epidemiology and Community Health The University of North Carolina at CharlotteVector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL) Department of Pathology Reproduction and One Health Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University FCAV/UNESP) Jaboticabal CEPCentro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná: #23075.042760/2021-59Universidade Federal do Paraná: #23075.042760/2021-5
Impact of crack cocaine on salivary nucleic acids, enzymes, esters, and lipids: A fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study
No full textObjective: This study aims to analyze saliva composition in crack users using vibrational spectroscopy. Material and Methods: A total of 90 participants were meticulously selected and divided into three groups, each comprising 30 individuals. All participants met the criterion of having no observable clinical changes in the oral mucosa. The groups included active crack users with a minimum usage duration of 30 days, ex-crack users, and non-crack users. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during participant selection to ensure the study's precision. Saliva analysis was performed using vibrational spectroscopy with FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy). Results: Pre-processed spectra enabled statistical comparability. Salivary biomarkers revealed clinical implications, including findings related to xerostomia, caries, and periodontal or systemic conditions such as lung cancer. Conclusion: The research uncovers significant compositional differences in the saliva of current users, former users, and non-users of crack. This nuanced understanding contributes to the discourse on substance abuse, highlighting the potential of saliva analysis for discerning different stages of crack use. The investigation suggests options for further exploration in clinical and forensic contexts, promising advancements in addiction research and diagnostics.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Câmpus de São José dos CamposSao Paulo State Reference Center on Alcohol Tobacco and other Drugs Secretary of HealthLaboratory of Virology (LIM-52) Institute of Tropical Medicine School of Medicine University of São PauloInstitute of Infectious Diseases Emilio RibasLaboratory of Protozoology (Lim-49-hc-fmusp) Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo School of Medicine University of São PauloCentro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Câmpus de São José dos CamposCAPES: 001FAPESP: 2020/10362-0FAPESP: 2021/06500-1FAPESP: 2021/14395-3FAPESP: 2023/06788-0CNPq: 311933/2021-1CNPq: 401604/2022-5CNPq: 406761/2022-1 - INCT-INTERA