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Teacher referrals to speech pathologists for speech, language and communication needs in the first year of school
No full textTheoretical thesis.Bibliography: pages 112-127.Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- List of tables -- List of figures -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Literature Review -- 3. Methodology -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Appendices.Children with speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) experience difficulties in many areas of their development and learning. Teachers are responsible for referring these children to speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Yet, teachers lack adequate knowledge, training or tools to accurately identify children with SLCN. Consequently, many children do not receive the speech therapy they need. A better understanding of teachers' and SLPs' views on the referral process and on suitable SLCN indicators might inform and enhance collaboration between the two professions, and ultimately help them provide better support for children with SLCN. This study examined the referral process for children with SLCN in the first year of school in New South Wales, Australia, and the importance that teachers and SLPs assign to indicators of SLCN. Two surveys were completed by 47 teachers and 56 SLPs. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 of these survey respondents, 6 teachers and 7 SLPs. The analysis of the data revealed: some confusion about the referral process among SLPs; teachers' hesitation in referring children with SLCN to SLPs and uncertainty about the scope of SLP practice; suggestions for improving children's level and ease of access to SLP services such as having more SLPs at schools, making SLP services more affordable, more professional development for teachers regarding SLCN; increasing parent involvement; and divergence in the importance that teachers and SLPs assign to indicators of SLCN in children.1 online resource (177 pages
Bimetallic catalysts for multi-step reactions
No full textTheoretical thesis.Bibliography: pages R2-R2.Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Ligand synthesis -- Chapter 3: Complex synthesis -- Chapter 4: catalysis -- Chapter 5: Conclusions and future directions -- Chapter 6: ExperimentalThe synthesis of pro-ligands containing pairs of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) substituents on organic scaffolds was explored. These ligands were used to develop homobimetallic Ir(I) complexes containing 1,8-cyclooctadiene (COD) and carbonyl co-ligands. The catalytic activity of a bimetallic complex was investigated and compared against related monometallic complexes to determine the extent of bimetallic cooperativity present.A novel ligand, 1,1'-(2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) iodide, was synthesised by an Ullman coupling reaction of imidazole onto a4,5-dibromo-2,7-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-9,9-dimethylxanthene scaffold. Asubsequent methylation with iodomethanegeneratedthe bis-imidazolium salt. A novel bimetallic Ir(I) catalyst containing this ligand was synthesised via deprotonation using potassium carbonateand complexation with [Ir(COD)Cl]2, followed by a carbonylation of both metal centresusing carbon monoxide.The catalytic activity of these bimetallic systems was explored in the following multi-step alkyne activation reactions and compared to the reactivity of twoanalogous monometallic Ir(I) catalysts: (i) the hydroamination of alkynyl amines; and (ii) the tandem dihydroalkoxylation of alkyne diols to form spiroketals.For all catalytic transformations, the bimetallic complex was found to be an efficient catalyst with excellent turnover frequencies. Bimetallic cooperative enhancement was observed in the catalytic activity of the bimetallic Ir (I) catalyst in comparison to the activity of one of the analogous monometallic Ir(I) catalysts.1 online resource (49, (13) pages
Incentives and culture in risk compliance in the financial Industry
No full textTheoretical thesis.Bibliography: pages 55-64Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Literature review -- Chapter 3. Experimental design -- Chapter 4. Results and discussion -- Chapter 5. Conclusion and implications.This experimental study investigated the effects of remuneration and workplace environment on risk compliance. The study involves 269 financial professionals and was designed to mimic investment decisions taken by financial services executives (e.g.,granting loans and buying securities).Participants in a simulated work environment were asked to make profitable investments,provided that these investments complied with the relevant risk policy. Two different framing treatments (relating to the behaviour of the manager and co-workers) were used to reflect either a profit-focused or risk-focused work environment. Two payment treatments were utilised: variable (linked to expected profits) and fixed payment. It was found that variable remuneration reduces compliance with risk policy. Risk culture (measured using participants'perceptions of compliance) was found to mediate this relationship. This study demonstrated that both remuneration policy and the behaviour of managers and peers are determinants of risk culture.1 online resource (78 pages
Natural products from some filamentous fungi and other sources
No full textThesis by publication.Includes bibliograpical references.Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Banksialactones and Banksiamarins : novel Isochromanones and Isocoumarins from a new Australian fungus, Aspergillus banksianus -- Chapter 3. Talauxins from Talaromyces stipitatus and the semi-synthesis of talauxin analogs from their common biogenetic precursor duclauxin -- Chapter 4. Structure revision of talaromycesone : a and new phenalenones and polyesters from Talaromyces stipitatus -- Chapter 5. Luteosteroside and luteolactones from a new Australian fungus, Aspergillus banksianus -- Chapter 6. Isolation and structure elucidation of new alkaloids from the tropical rainforest tree Galbulimima baccata -- Chapter 7. Summary and conclusion.Natural products remain a major source for new drugs and drug leads owing to their unparalleled structural and chemical diversity and "drug-likeness" because of their evolutionary optimization to interact with living systems, unlike synthetic libraries. However, a combination of tedious isolation, repetitive isolation of known compounds, poor yields (supply) and structural complexities hindering total synthesis are some major bottlenecks in the process of drug discovery and development from natural products. Microorganisms offer a relatively unexplored source of new natural products by virtue of their vast biodiversity that can address the supply issue through fermentation. Moreover, microorganisms are amenable to selection and genetic manipulation for overproduction of the desired metabolite(s).The primary aim of this thesis is the isolation, characterization and biological screening of the secondary metabolites of some filamentous fungal species. Secondary metabolites of three filamentous fungi - Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus luteorubrus and Talaromyces stipitatus were characterized and screened. A total of 15 polyketide derived natural products were isolated from A. banksianus of which 10 were new metabolites. Among these, were the first isochromanone-orsellinic acid conjugates, isochromanone-anthraquininone conjugateand sulphur containing isochromanones including a rare sulfoxide metabolite. Chemical investigation of A. luteorubrus resulted in six metabolites including two new molecules, one was known but is a new natural product. Talaromyces stipitatus led to the isolation of 21molecules among which nine were new molecules. Among the new metabolites of T.stipitatus were 5 natural talauxins, which are condensation products of duclauxin with various L-amino acids. The semi-synthesis of new analogues of talauxins derived from D- and L-amino acids (except proline) and duclauxin is described.In addition, four new molecules from an Australian rainforest tree Galbulimima baccata were isolated and characterized.The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Absolute stereochemistry of the isolated compounds was determined based on optical rotations, ECD, NMR, molecular modelling and TDDFT calculations. Plausible biogenetic pathway leading to these secondary metabolites are proposed wherever possible which can help in the design of biomimetic synthesis of these compounds.Mode of access: World wide web1 online resource (x, 325 pages) graphs, table
Privacy in Panopticon 2.0: applying Kant's formula of humanity to Internet privacy
No full textTheoretical thesis.This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy submitted to the Philosophy and Media Departments, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie University, May 2017Bibliography: pages 273-303.Chapter 1 - Net privacy -- Chapter 2 - a triple threat and an epic clash -- Chapter 3 - Wait! Privacy? What's that? -- Chapter 4 - The value of relational privacy -- Chapter 5 - Privacy by consent -- Chapter 6 - A privacy-respecting cosmopolis.Jeremy Bentham gave us the Panopticon; Michel Foucault observed how people have internalised its surveillance; and now, thanks to the internet, we inhabit Panopticon 2.0, in which every user knows everything about everyone - at least potentially. In practice, of course, there are limits that protect privacy, ranging from encryption to obfuscation to notice-and-consent provisions. Complex and amorphous, the internet is a site of intense ethical contestation, where an original commitment to the ideals of openness, collaboration and knowledge has been supplemented by a corporate profit maxim and a governmental surveillance motive.There has, however, been one constant: the net has tended to privilege openness over privacy. On the internet, ensuing challenges to privacy are further exacerbated by the ongoing dispute about what privacy is and why it matters. In response to this dispute, I argue first that privacy can be defined by reference to the notion of access, and second that privacy matters both instrumentally and non-instrumentally,for reasons of dignity, autonomy and relationships. I then sketch an outline of relational privacy, which argues that we are all beings-in-relation, and that privacy is about connection as much as isolation. Further, I argue that Kant's formula of humanity, which exhorts us to treat others never merely as means, but always as ends in themselves, is a fitting prescription through which both to understand privacy, and to protect it. Drawing on the formula, I propose a two-tier model of consent that comprises: individual consent, which is admittedly problematic online;and collective consent, involving just laws to reinstate, reinforce, limit, override and otherwise affect individual consent. Based on my descriptive and prescriptive analysis, I then advocate practical solutions, both legal and extra-legal, including laws that mirror general protections found in consumer law and guidelines to encourage privacy-protecting behaviour among net users. With such steps, the internet might be less Panopticon 2.0 and more principle-based cosmoikopolis -- abstract.1 online resource (viii, 303 pages
Investigating the praxis of evaluating small-scale learning and teaching projects in higher education
No full textThesis by publication.Bibliography: pages 243-244.Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. A critique of the literature on evaluation of learning and teaching projects in higher education -- Chapter 3. Research design and methods -- Chapter 4. How are small-scale learning and teaching projects evaluated in higher education?-- Chapter 5. A deep dive into small-scale project evaluation in higher education -- Chapter 6. Developing the SPELT (small project evaluation in learning and teaching) framework -- Chapter 7. Reflecting on the findings and making recommendations -- Chapter 8. Conclusion -- References -- Appendices.Small-scale learning and teaching projects in higher education have the potential to drive innovation. However, a lack of systemic evaluation can inhibit the realisation and sustainability of these innovations and there is limited literature available to illuminate these evaluation practices. The broad aim of this study was to investigate the praxis of evaluating small-scale learning and teaching projects in higher education.A pragmatic, multiphase research design, underpinned by action research and case study methodologies was used for the study, drawing on reflection to understand what works and what does not work in small-scale project evaluation practice. The study was undertaken in three-phases across two Australian metropolitan universities using primary data. These data include the project documentation, reflective field notes, one-on-one interviews, and focus group discussions with university staff responsible for leading small-scale learning and teaching projects.My research reveals that a project leader's perception and conceptualisation of evaluation have important implications for practice. The research also highlights the need for an approach to the evaluation of small-scale learning and teaching projects that requires tailored resources including evidence-based frameworks to enable praxis.Outputs from this research include a new evidence-based evaluation-planning framework, SPELT (Small Project Evaluation in Learning and Teaching), and a set of recommendations for effective evaluation strategies for small-scale learning and teaching projects in higher education.Mode of access: World wide web1 online resource (xxii, 244 pages) diagrams, graphs, table
Confucianism and work ethic - introducing the ReVaMB model
No full textWe explore the relationship between Confucian values and the “Western” concept of Work Ethic, and introduce our ReVaMB model, Relative Values and Moderated Behavior, as a framework for study. We draw from established models of the link between beliefs and behavior, and argue that current measures of values and beliefs in isolation (normative measures) are insufficient to understand choices of alternative behaviors. But it is the relative importance of potentially competing values (ipsative measures), within the context of particular situations, that affect behavior. We demonstrate the ReVaMB model as a template for understanding Confucian values and work ethic, and conclude with examples of how existing measures of different values and behavioral constructs can be turned into relative measures.28 page(s
The Role of leaders in achieving organisational outcomes
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical insight into the association between the leadership style of top management (using Stogdill and Coons’(1957) consideration and initiating leadership styles), the approach to using controls (using Simons’ (1995) interactive and diagnostic use of controls) and two organisational outcomes (business unit performance and employee organisational commitment (EOC)). Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through a survey of 120 middle-level managers of Australian service organisations. Findings: The findings reveal that both the consideration and initiating leadership styles were associated with the diagnostic approach to using controls, while the initiating style was also associated with the interactive approach to using controls. In addition, the diagnostic approach to using controls was found to be associated with both organisational performance and EOC. The authors conclude that the diagnostic approach to using controls mediates the association between both the consideration and initiating styles of leadership with organisational performance and EOC. Practical implications: The findings provide practitioners with an important initial insight into the role of leaders in enhancing the achievement of organisational outcomes. From a practical perspective, organisations should consider these findings when recruiting. Specifically, organisations should work towards ensuring that their top-level managers possess such personal leadership traits. This could be achieved either through installing appropriate recruitment procedures and/or through the implementation of management training programmes. Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature by considering the interrelationship between two perspectives of the role of leaders, the leadership style and the use of controls.15 page(s
Stygophrynus orientalis sp. nov. (Amblypygi : Charontidae) from Indonesia with the description of a remarkable spermatophore
No full textHere Stygophrynus orientalis sp. nov. is described, a new charontid whip spider from Banggai Island, Indonesia, representing the most eastern record of the genus exceeding the formerly postulated restriction of its distribution western of the Wallace Line. In addition, the third known spermatophore of a Stygophrynus species is presented, which differs remarkably from those previously described from the genus. Finally, the cerotegument structure of the new species is depicted and compared with that of other Charontidae and Charinidae.12 page(s
Scramble competition polygyny in terrestrial arthropods
No full textMating systems describe the usual number of mating partners, patterns of mate location, and patterns of parental care in populations and species. While most types of mating systems can be found in arthropods, scramble competition polygyny is likely to be very common based on the ecology of many insects and spiders. In this review we focus on terrestrial arthropods and assess how common this mating system is and discuss the behaviors and ecologies of populations that are likely to result in scramble competition. A particular interest is those systems where the wrong mate choice can carry significant costs for the male, such as through deception or sexual cannibalism. We conclude our review with future direction for research in scramble competition polygyny.59 page(s