134125 research outputs found
Sort by
Pharmacy in Australia: are we research ready?
No full textAustralia is the sixth-largest country by land mass, and despite only having 0.3% of the world’s population, it is the 13th-largest economy in the world [1, 2]. It is a federated democratic state and part of the British Commonwealth of Nations. In 2024, life expectancy was 81.1 and 85.1 years for males and females, respectively [3]; longer life expectancy and declining fertility mean that, like many other developed economies, Australia’s population is ageing [4].No Full Tex
Green consumption across borders: a hybrid meta-analytic investigation exploring cultural values, human development and internet access
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this study is to combine two types of meta-analytical approaches, i.e. SEM-based meta-analysis and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)-based meta-analysis. It also integrates the underpinnings of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and attitude-behavior-context theory in the green consumption context to propose solid relationships between the factors driving green consumption and uses a moderation analysis to address the inconsistent findings reported regarding these relationships.
Design/methodology/approach
By integrating the findings from 144 studies, a meta-analysis was performed, adopting several analytical methods: path analysis, moderation analysis and fsQCA.
Findings
SEM-based meta-analysis suggests that socio-psychological factors enhance purchase intention towards green offerings, which in turn drives green purchase behaviour. fsQCA-based meta-analysis shows how socio-psychological factors and contextual factors jointly in different combinations lead to high and low green purchase behaviour. Moderation analysis finds that consumers’ cultural identities, development status of the country and internet access level of countries cause inconsistencies in the green consumption literature.
Research limitations/implications
The authors selected papers published in English; hence, other relevant papers in this domain published in other languages might have been missed. Also, the authors might have missed some relevant papers that did not use the keywords specified for the paper search.
Practical implications
The findings are useful to marketers of green offerings in designing strategies, i.e. specific messages, targeting different customers based on countries’ cultural identities, development status of the countries and internet accesses level of countries, to harvest positive customer responses.
Originality/value
This study proposes a hybrid meta-review approach by combining SEM-based meta-analysis and fsQCA-based meta-analysis, thereby advancing the methodological rigour of the meta-analytic approach. Further, this study incorporated socio-psychological factors and contextual factors driving green consumption based on the integration of TPB and Attitude-Behavior-Context theory. Moreover, the authors have investigated the possible reasons for inconsistent findings reported in the literature.No Full Tex
The Effects of Surgical Parameters on Meniscal Mechanics Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Exploratory In-Silico Study
No full textThe meniscus plays a vital role in knee biomechanics, contributing to shock absorption, joint stability, proprioception, and lubrication. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) aims to restore knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, 30–60% of patients experience concurrent or subsequent meniscal damage. Despite this, the influence of ACLR surgical parameters on meniscal biomechanics remains largely unexplored. This study investigates how four key ACLR surgical parameters—graft type, graft size, tunnel location, and pre-tensioning—affect meniscal contact forces and stress using a coupled neuromusculoskeletal-finite element (NMSKFE) modeling approach during simulated walking. NMSK-FE simulations were conducted in six participants to assess changes in meniscal-tibial contact forces and stress distributions under various ACLR configurations. While most surgical conditions restored meniscal mechanics to near-intact levels (normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) 10%). Notably, posterior graft placement with zero pre-tensioning increased medial meniscus stress, potentially elevating the risk of degeneration or injury. These findings highlight the individualized nature of ACLR outcomes, influenced not only by surgical parameters but also by patient-specific factors such as knee morphology and gait patterns. This study underscores the need for pre-surgical assessments that integrate patient-specific biomechanics to optimize ACLR strategies, enhance meniscal preservation, and improve long-term knee health. By incorporating meniscal mechanics and dynamic gait analysis, this research advances personalized ACLR approaches, addressing a critical gap in the field.Full Tex
Perpetrators of the Criminal Victimisation of Children: A Longitudinal Study
No full textExcluding child abuse and neglect, children may experience violence in their day-to-day lives, but little is known about the frequency of such experiences or the characteristics of those who perpetrate this violence. Some characteristics of the environment in which the child is reared, e.g., family economic disadvantage, or of the perpetrator, e.g., mental illness, may contribute to the level of violence children may routinely experience. This study examines children’s and adolescent’s experiences of criminal victimisation and identifies the perpetrators of these behaviours. Data are taken from a birth cohort study of pregnant women and the children to whom they gave birth. At 21 years of age, a sample of prospective parents (children born 1981–1984) were interviewed. Some 19 years later, the children of the children were interviewed about their recent experiences of criminal victimisation (N = 742 parent–children pairs). Predictors of perpetration are taken from the child’s parent before the birth of the child. Experiences of victimisation are reported by the child/adolescent. The perpetrators of child criminal victimisation are most frequently the friends/neighbours/teachers, siblings, strangers and the father of the child. Parents who have symptoms of mental illness at 21 years of age more often have children who, 19 years later, experience recent criminal victimisation. Children 16 to 17 years of age are disproportionately likely to experience criminal victimisation (OR = 2.01(1.18,3.40)) while fathers are more frequent perpetrators of violence experienced by older (18+) children (OR = 4.80(2.70,8.51)).Full Tex
Discovery of Ionophoroantibiotics as a New Antibiotic Class Targeting Metal Homeostasis in Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
No full textThe rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a growing health concern. New treatments are urgently needed as resistance to last-line antibiotics increases. The zinc ionophore, PBT2, has previously been shown to facilitate zinc uptake in bacteria and restore susceptibility to existing antibiotics in combination therapies. In contrast, we demonstrate that PBT2 alone is sufficient to inhibit the growth of N. gonorrhoeae. Guided by this finding, we synthesized a series of 8-hydroxyquinoline-based new chemical entities, herein termed a “ionophoroantibiotics (IP-antibiotics).” These compounds displayed potent activity against MDR N. gonorrhoeae, with several exhibiting greater efficacy than PBT2. Proteomic profiling studies suggested IP-antibiotics disrupt metal and phosphate metabolism in N. gonorrhoeae, upregulating iron transport and downregulating phosphate pathways. PBT2 broadly affects metal and metabolic proteins, whereas the new compounds act more selectively. This distinct mode of action circumvents established resistance mechanisms and targets key bacterial vulnerabilities. Collectively, these findings identify IP-antibiotics as a promising new class of antibiotics for the treatment of MDR N. gonorrhoeae.Full Tex
What keeps women safe from violence during shocks? Review of risk and protective factors in the Indo-Pacific region
No full textViolence against women (VAW) can escalate during and immediately after shocks, thus underscoring the need to better understand and identify the protective factors that mitigate the risks. This scoping review examines the risks and protective factors associated with VAW during shocks – intense, acute or sudden events that include conflicts, financial crises, health emergencies and natural disasters, with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region (46 countries) from 1993 to 2023. We recorded 12 risk factors associated with VAW during shocks from 63 peer-reviewed studies, with financial insecurity presented as the most prominent risk factor. Yet, only three studies identified protective factors that prevent or reduce VAW during shocks. Furthermore, studies have been conducted in only 21 out of 46 countries. With shocks rising across the region, we argue that more research is needed to explore the relationship between risk and protective factors and VAW escalation during different types of shocks, specifically, more studies on a diverse range of affected countries, and the use of feminist informed methodologies to document the structural and social protection responses that mitigate VAW during and after shocks.Full Tex
The association between flavonoid intake and first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: a case-control study
No full textBackground: Dietary flavonoids, compounds found in foods like fruits, vegetables, and nuts, are prominent in the Mediterranean diet. Emerging evidence suggests flavonoids may influence multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology and risk, though observational studies are lacking. Objectives: This study investigated associations between dietary flavonoid intake and risk of first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD). Methods: Analyses here utilise data from the Ausimmune Study, a multicenter case-control study (282 cases; 558 controls) matched on age, sex, and study region. Intakes of dietary flavonoids and subclasses thereof were estimated from food frequency questionnaire data. Conditional logistic regression models assessed associations between quartiles of flavonoid intake and FCD, adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation analysis evaluated whether food-derived flavonol and flavone intake mediated the relationship between Mediterranean diet adherence and FCD risk. Results: Higher total flavone intake was associated with reduced FCD risk in both unadjusted (OR: Q4vsQ1 = 0.55, 95 % CI 0.35–0.84, p-trend = 0.01) and adjusted models (aOR = 0.56, 95 % CI 0.34–0.91, p-trend = 0.01). When stratified by dietary source, significant inverse associations were observed for food-derived flavones and flavonols. Participants with the highest intake of food-derived flavones (aOR = 0.59, 95 % CI 0.36–0.97, p-trend = 0.02) and flavonol (aOR = 0.61, 95 % CI 0.38–1.00, p-trend = 0.02) had lower odds of FCD compared with the lowest quartile. Other subclasses and beverage-derived flavonoids were not significantly associated with FCD. Mediation analysis indicated that food-derived flavone and flavonol intake partially mediated the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and FCD risk (indirect effect aOR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.76–1.00), accounting for an estimated 28 per cent of the total effect. Conclusion: Food-derived flavones and flavonols were inversely associated with FCD risk, and flavonoids may contribute to the potentially protective role of the Mediterranean diet in MS risk. Prospective studies are needed to investigate these dynamics further, including in MS progression.Full Tex
A Sensitive Thermoelectric Respiratory Sensor Using a Hollow-Square Structure of Cubic Silicon Carbide-Based Heterojunction
No full textRespiratory rates play a crucial role in health assessment and rehabilitation. However, current respiratory monitoring devices often rely on metal- or polymer-based sensors, and skin-mounted electronics, face challenges such as low sensitivity, limited durability/stability, and substantial power demands in complex respiratory environments. Herein, we introduce innovations in design and fabrication of a hollow-square cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC)-based self-powered sensor, which operates via the Seebeck effect in 3C-SiC/Si heterojunction, for respiratory rate monitoring. Through manipulating thermal transport, this design significantly enhances airflow sensing performance, yielding a thermal voltage output approximately 3.5 times higher than that of conventional solid structures. The sensor exhibits remarkable repeatability and durability, maintaining stable voltage responses across 1000 airflow testing cycles. Moreover, elevated temperatures drive a transition from conventional Seebeck effect in a single semiconductor layer to heterojunction-driven effects, resulting in a higher thermal voltage and enabling further sensor optimization under high-temperature environments. By integrating this hollow-square 3C-SiC sensor into a functional mask, the sensor enables real-time monitoring respiratory rate of workers in hot environments. An integrated alarm system provides alerts to the users in response to sudden changes in their respiratory rates, offering a reliable and practical tool for continuous health surveillance of workers in high-temperature environments.Full Tex
Lisan Matters: Carbon forestry, embodied care and Indigenous governance norms in Timor-Leste
No full textIn this paper we trace the cultural movement of an expanding carbon forestry program in Timor-Leste and investigate the priority given by participants to sustaining relatedness through Indigenous Timorese practices of kinship, ritual and everyday resource negotiations. We argue that this critical and usually invisible political-economy work is embedded in the participants’ own deeply embodied socio-ecological knowledges and ethics of care. We investigate how these principles and practices are both enabling and reformulating ways of imagining carbon commodification and associated environmental governance. We argue that the agential power of people's socio-ecological norms and practices is a critical driver of the wider benefits that these programs are generating, including the strengthening of local Indigenous house-based authority. At the same time, we note a contrasting level of disregard shown by proponents of international carbon projects for the political and cultural implications of these foundational Indigenous governance processes. We note a range of circumstances in which the potential for this carbon-forestry program to support and be supported by customary governance institutions may be at risk.No Full Tex
Studying the transition to employment in dietetics: A 2-year longitudinal study of employment outcomes in graduates of a university dietetics program
No full textAims: Transition to employment is considered a vulnerable period for health professional graduates. This study aimed to follow the transition to employment for graduates from a single dietetics program, at several timepoints over 24 months to assess dietetic employment outcomes. Methods: Griffith University dietetics graduates from 2017 to 2019 were invited to participate in the longitudinal Griffith Dietetics Graduate Outcomes Study comprising four online surveys on employment preferences and outcomes: Survey 1 (graduation), Survey 2 (6-months), Survey 3 (12-months), and Survey 4 (24-months). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, for cross-sectional findings (Surveys 3 and 4) and longitudinal analyses (Surveys 1–4). Results: Of the 150 eligible graduates, 91.3%, 73.3%, 59.3% and 51.3% responded to Surveys 1–4 respectively. At Survey 3, 84.3% of respondents were employed as a dietitian, 60.0% working more than 32 h/week and 25.3% in permanent positions. At Survey 4, 85.7% worked as a dietitian, 69.7% more than 32 h/week, predominantly in hospitals (45.5%) and private practice (37.9%). Longitudinal analyses showed that of 44/62 (70.1%) respondents who preferred a hospital role at graduation, 25 (56.8%) worked in a hospital at 24 months. All but one of the 16/62 (25.8%) who preferred private practice at graduation worked there at 6 months (93.8%), 12 of whom remained in private practice at 24 months (75%). Conclusion: Universities need to prepare graduates for the challenging transition to full-time employment within their preferred sector. For dietitians within this study, the most vulnerable period was the 12 months post-graduation. National, longitudinal studies to at least 24 months are needed to investigate graduate employment outcomes for all dietetics programs.No Full Tex