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Use of deep geothermal energy to supply heat to a village in Scotland
Get PDFThis paper explores the possibility of utilising geothermal energy in an existing district heat network in the Aberdeenshire village of Banchory to provide hot water through the creation of a hypothetical geothermal well. It considers a simulated deep geothermal single well (DGSW), commonly referred to as a coaxial system with a depth of 5000 m. The hypothetical well was created using the dimensions of existing oil wells which, once they have reached the end of their lifecycle, hold the potential to be repurposed for geothermal use. It was found that the thermal output of the well decreases over time due to the drop in local rock temperature which is a result of thermal extraction. Given this, the thermal output after a year of operation was calculated and found that, to directly supply the Banchory heat network, a volumetric flow rate of 4.8m3/hr was required. After a year of operation, the site's peak thermal production was 108.4 kW which equates to a production of more than 949.9 MWh over the first operational year
Fueling financial development: The crucial role of generative AI financing across nations
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of Generative AI (GAI) financing on financial development (FD) across 21 countries using cross-sectional data from 2020 to 2022. Employing both simple linear regression and two-stage least squares (2SLS) to address endogeneity, we find that GAI financing significantly contributes to financial development, with stronger effects observed in Asian and non-European regions. Regional heterogeneity is evident, highlighting varying impacts across different subcontinents. Policy implications suggest promoting GAI ecosystems, attracting foreign investment, and enhancing publicity for GAI startups. The study highlights the need for future research on the ethical implications and dynamic effects of GAI financing
Shaping triumph from within: an investigation into employee-based brand co-creation, motivation drivers and enhanced job-related organisational performance
No full textPurpose Drawing on the co-creation literature and self-determination theory, this study takes a broader organisational perspective linking employees’ motivational antecedents (corporate brand socialization, employee brand identification and impression management) and employee-based brand co-creation (EBBC), with three employee-level outcomes: sales performance, employee resilience and adaptive selling. We therefore bridge the complex nexus between employees and organisational performance.Design/methodology/approach Survey data of 313 employees across industries and different-sized business-to-business (B2B) companies in China were collected. We used AMOS 21 to carry out structural equation modelling (SEM) for testing the main hypotheses.Findings The results reveal that EBBC is driven by external, internal and self-related motivations and leads to an increase in the three employee performance-related outcomes. The results further indicate that employees’ social media usage exerts contrasting moderating effects for each of the three motivational antecedents: While it strengthens the effect of employee identification on EBBC, it weakens the effect of corporate brand socialization on EBBC and exerts no effect on the relationship between impression management and EBBC.Practical implications This study confirms the effectiveness of EBBC in improving performance outcomes for B2B employees, particularly sales performance, resilience and job satisfaction, all of which are crucial for employee success. On the basis of our findings, in terms of employee satisfaction and performance, and in addition to conventional strategies and incentives, B2B organisations should encourage employee co-creation activities as outlined above, since such activities tend to impact these outcomes positively.Originality/value This study features and substantiates the self-related goal initiatives in EBBC, such as developing a sense of self-promotion desires and uncovers a moderator of the relationships between motivational antecedents and EBBC. These findings highlight the managerial relevance of specific motivational and psychological pathways in building employee brand co-creation behaviours, employee outcomes and organisational performance via employee sales
Performance Evaluation of Edge-Based Segmentation Methods for Electrical Tree Image Analysis in High-Voltage Experiments
Get PDFThis research evaluates the performance of edge-based segmentation methods in analysing two-dimensional (2D) electrical tree images obtained during high-voltage (HV) electrical tree experiments. Non-uniform illumination in 2D optical images poses challenges in accurately extracting and measuring the original treeing image. Edge segmentation emerges as a promising solution to precisely distinguish tree structures from the insulation background within the image. Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) samples were subjected to HV stress for real-time propagation observation, followed by extraction and segmentation of treeing images using edge-based operators. The findings emphasize the superiority of the Roberts edge operator in accurately detecting electrical trees, showcasing the highest average accuracy of 97.01% and 99.58% specificity, while also demonstrating relatively high sensitivity. Moreover, the Roberts method provide much precisely measures the propagation length and width than conventional measurement method, closely approximating the actual tree measurements. This research emphasizes the significance of accurate segmentation for investigating electrical tree propagation in XLPE materials and provides recommendations for future research, especially in HV XLPE cable manufacturing
Trump’s fake news and stock market returns
Get PDFWe use a novel database that identifies allegedly Donald Trump’s fake news during his presidency. We find that the number of daily fake news is positively related to contemporaneous US stock market returns. Fake news is typically positively biased in our context, increasing stock returns in the short term. We invalidate alternate explanations of the main relation, such as the notion that newly arrived information drives the relation. The mechanism of the relationship is the source used and the reliability of the fake news. Fake news matters to the extent that participants believe it is true. This positive relation reverses over the following days, indicating some evidence of correction. Overall, we find that a politician’s fake news influences financial markets temporaril
Broadening our understanding of injury mechanisms to include at-risk situations: an overview of potential injuries at the FIFA men’s World Cup Qatar 2022TM
Get PDFThis study aims to examine and describe the characteristics of potential injury situations during a men’s professional international tournament quantified using the FIFA Football Language Medical Coding. A prospective study was conducted during the 64 matches of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™, during which five analysts recorded potential injury situations from video analysis. ”Potential injuries” were recorded when players stayed down > 5 s and/or requested medical attention. Characteristics were further recorded for variables such as opponent’s action and body location. In total, 720 potential injury situations were recorded of which 139 required medical assessment. The actions which resulted in most potential injuries were running while receiving a pass (74; 10%), while passing the ball (59; 8%), and while progressing with the ball (48; 7%). Duels and ball progression led to a potential injury in 3.0% and 2.1% of all similar actions in total. Both aerial duels and ball progression led to an potential injury that required medical assessment on 0.4% of occasions. Most potential injuries involved the head (149; 21%), foot (120; 17%), or lower leg (110; 15%) with most medical assessments of the head (35; 25%), lower leg (17; 12%), and knee (15; 11%) with a median duration of 47 seconds (IQR 28–61). This study provides a detailed overview of match circumstances that may have a higher injury risk. Although some variables within the coding system need improvement to increase reliability, its use will allow a more detailed comparison of differences between high-risk player actions leading to injury and those that do not, which can improve future prevention strategies
Inshore and offshore marine migration pathways of Atlantic salmon post-smolts from multiple rivers in Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Ireland
Get PDFThe migratory behavior of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts in coastal waters is poorly understood. In this collaborative study, 1914 smolts, from 25 rivers, in four countries were tagged with acoustic transmitters during a single seasonal migration. In total, 1105 post-smolts entered the marine study areas and 438 (39.6%) were detected on a network of 414 marine acoustic receivers and an autonomous underwater vehicle. Migration pathways (defined as the shortest distance between two detections) of up to 575 km and over 100 days at sea were described for all 25 populations. Post-smolts from different rivers, as well as individuals from the same river, used different pathways in coastal waters. Although difficult to generalize to all rivers, at least during the year of this study, no tagged post-smolts from rivers draining into the Irish Sea were detected entering the areas of sea between the Hebrides and mainland Scotland, which is associated with a high density of finfish aquaculture. An important outcome of this study is that a high proportion of post-smolts crossed through multiple legislative jurisdictions and boundaries during their migration. This study provides the basis for spatially explicit assessment of the impact risk of coastal pressures on salmon during their first migration to sea
Referee quality and article citations: a case study of a finance journal
Get PDFAs a result of the open science movement, we take advantage of one of the few journals in business studies, the Journal of Financial Economics (JFE), which between 2009 and 2021 named some of their referees. This allows us to produce a novel hand-collected data set to explore the extent to which referee quality matters in identifying articles that will receive strong future citations. We find that prominent academics are more likely to identify articles that will exhibit a high number of citations. This relationship is most pronounced among referees who are in a relatively mature stage in their careers. These results indicate that high-quality researchers, especially those in a relatively mature stage, are more likely to identify the potential of an article. To maximize future citations, editors thus need to consider the research publication record of the referees when making their selections. Overall, we provide insights which are of interest and relevance across higher education research
A preliminary study on bamboo-timber composite columns under axial compression
Get PDFBamboo–timber composite columns hold significant promise as bio-based structural elements. However, research in this area remains limited, especially concerning modern buckling analysis methods that incorporate bio-based constitutive models of engineered bamboo and timber materials. This study aims to address this gap by proposing a proof-of-concept analytical framework based on component-based strategy for buckling analysis, utilising piecewise bio-based material constitutive models as the guide rail for its strain-stage-based component split-up. Preliminary experimental validation was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using component-based analysis to estimate the overall buckling resistance of both composite and non-composite bamboo and timber columns. This initial study offers an alternative analytical approach for estimating the buckling resistance of bio-composite columns and establishes a set of conceptual guidelines and indicative parameters for the experimental design of future research
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