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Assessment of risk factors on eye dryness in young adults using visual display device in both contact lens wearers and non-wearers
No full textPurpose Researchers are interested in examining the impact of visual display devices (VDDs) on the development of dry eye illness because their use is becoming more common among college students. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between certain risk factors and the development of eye dryness in VDDs using young adults who wore contact lenses and those who did not. Methods The self-administrated survey was hosted in Google Forms, sent via e-mail to the participants. It consisted of two parts of assessing different risk factors (i.e., environmental conditions, angle of gaze, and years of VDD use) with contact lens use and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The OSDI scores of the entire sample who suffer from dry eye and the subgroup using contact lenses were calculated. The relationship between different risk factors with the OSDI scores was also assessed. Results A total of 274 young adults from college students and academic staff (216 female, 58 male) were suffering from eye dryness. Eighty-eight of the 274 participants wore contact lenses. The mean OSDI scores of the 274 young adults were 32.92. Mean OSDI scores in contact lens wearers and non-wearers were 34.36 and 32.24, respectively (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant relationship between OSDI score and indoor environmental conditions in computer using VDD group. Using a computer in a dark environment and above the line of sight resulted in a higher OSDI scores. Females who wore contact lenses while using a computer for more than three years had significantly higher OSDI scores than non-wearer females. Tablet type VDD use increased the mean ODSI scores of the contact lens wearers significantly. Conclusions Dry eye symptoms were shown to be increased in the contact lens wearer group with the increased duration of computer VDD use, decreased indoor environmental brightness conditions, and above the line of sight
EVALUATING THE ROLE OF SCAPULA MORPHOLOGY IN ROTATOR CUFF TEARS: WHICH IS THE MOST USEFUL PREDICTOR?
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the relation-ships between glenoid inclination (GI), acromial index (AI), criti-cal shoulder angle (CSA), superior inclination (SI), and symptom-atic degenerative full-thickness supraspinatus tears (SSTs).Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with SSTs (n=39) between 2015 and 2017 were assessed retrospec-tively. Controls were matched to age, gender, and side. Mea-sured GI, AI, CSA, and SI values were compared between the SSTs and control groups (n=39). The mean age for the SSTs group was 52.74 +/- 5.49 years, and the mean age for the control group was 51.15 +/- 5.22 years.Results: The mean GI for the SSTs group was 19.97 degrees +/- 5.62 degrees, and it was 13.72 degrees +/- 6.55 degrees for the control group (p<0.001). The mean AI was 0.7 +/- 0.08 and 0.67 +/- 0.07 in the SSTs and control groups, respectively (p=0.035). The mean CSA for the SSTs group was 35.05 degrees +/- 4.09 degrees and it was 33.06 degrees +/- 3.42 degrees for the control group (p=0.022). The mean SI was 25.13 degrees +/- 5.71 degrees and 25.91 degrees +/- 5.81 degrees in the SSTs and control groups, respectively (p=0.552). For a cut-off value of GI 217.35 degrees, sensitivity was 79.54\%, and specificity was 79.51\% (p=0.001). For a cut-off value of AI 20.67, sensitivity was 61.54\% and specificity was 56.4\% (p=0.031). For a cut-off value of CSA 233.45 degrees, sensitivity was 64.12\%, and specificity was 64.54\% (p=0.014).Conclusion: Higher measurement values of glenoid inclination, acromial index, and critical shoulder angle were associated with symptomatic degenerative full-thickness supraspinatus tears, and no correlation was found with superior inclination measure-ment. The glenoid inclination measurement had the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting symptomatic degenera-tive full-thickness supraspinatus tears
Identifying and elucidating the roles of Y198N and Y204F mutations in the PAH enzyme through molecular dynamic simulations
No full textPhenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. In phenylketonuria causes various symptoms including severe mental retardation. PAH gene of a classical Phenylketonuria patient was sequenced, and two novel heterozygous mutations, p.Y198N and p.Y204F, were found. This study aimed to reveal the impacts of these variants on the structural stability of the PAH enzyme. In-silico analyses using prediction tools and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Mutations were introduced to the wild type catalytic monomer and full length tetramer crystal structures. Variant pathogenicity analyses predicted p.Y198N to be damaging, and p.Y204F to be benign by some prediction tools and damaging by others. Simulations suggested p.Y198N mutation cause significant fluctuations in the spatial organization of two catalytic residues in the temperature accelerated MD simulations with the monomer and increased root-mean-square deviations in the tetramer structure. p.Y204F causes noticeable changes in the spatial positioning of T278 suggesting a possible segregation from the catalytic site in temperature accelerated MD simulations with the monomer. This mutation also leads to increased root-mean-square fluctuations in the regulatory domain which may lead to conformational change resulting in inhibition of dimerization and enzyme activation. Our study reports two novel mutations in the PAH gene and gives insight to their effects on the PAH activity. MD simulations did not yield conclusive results that explains the phenotype but gave plausible insight to possible effects which should be investigated further with in-silico and in-vitro studies to assess the roles of these mutations in etiology of PKU. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarm
Diagnostic Performance of AI for Cancers Registered in A Mammography Screening Program: A Retrospective Analysis
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in a simulated screening setting and its effectiveness in detecting missed and interval cancers. Methods: Digital mammograms were collected from Bahcesehir Mammographic Screening Program which is the first organized, population-based, 10-year (2009-2019) screening program in Turkey. In total, 211 mammograms were extracted from the archive of the screening program in this retrospective study. One hundred ten of them were diagnosed as breast cancer (74 screen-detected, 27 interval, 9 missed), 101 of them were negative mammograms with a follow-up for at least 24 months. Cancer detection rates of radiologists in the screening program were compared with an AI system. Three different mammography assessment methods were used: (1) 2 radiologists' assessment at screening center, (2) AI assessment based on the established risk score threshold, (3) a hypothetical radiologist and AI team-up in which AI was considered to be the third reader. Results: Area under curve was 0.853 (95\% CI = 0.801-0.905) and the cut-off value for risk score was 34.5\% with a sensitivity of 72.8\% and a specificity of 88.3\% for AI cancer detection in ROC analysis. Cancer detection rates were 67.3\% for radiologists, 72.7\% for AI, and 83.6\% for radiologist and AI team-up. AI detected 72.7\% of all cancers on its own, of which 77.5\% were screen-detected, 15\% were interval cancers, and 7.5\% were missed cancers. Conclusion: AI may potentially enhance the capacity of breast cancer screening programs by increasing cancer detection rates and decreasing false-negative evaluations.JAN2
A Comparative Study of Multiparametric MRI Sequences in Measuring Prostate Cancer Index Lesion Volume
No full textObjectives: To compare the effectiveness of individual multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) sequences-T2W, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-in assessing prostate cancer (PCa) index lesion volume using whole-mount pathology as the ground-truthto assess the impact of an endorectal coil (ERC) on the measurements. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 72 PCa patients who underwent 3T mpMRI with (n = 39) or without (n = 33) an ERC. A pathologist drew the index lesion borders on whole-mount pathology using planimetry (whole-mount vol). A radiologist drew the borders of the index lesion on each mpMRI sequence-T2W(vol), DWIvol, ADC(vol), and DCEvol. Additionally, we calculated the maximum index lesion volume for each patient (maxMRI(vol)). The correlation and differences between mpMRI and wholemount pathology in measuring the index lesion volume and the impact of an ERC were investigated. Results: The median T2W(vol), DWIvol, ADC(vol), DCEvol, and maxMRI(vol) were 0.68 cm(3), 0.97 cm3, 0.98 cm3, 0.82 cm3, and 1.13 cm3. There were good positive correlations between whole-mount vol and mpMRI sequences. However, all mpMRI-derived volumes underestimated the median whole-mount vol volume of 1.97 cm(3) (P <= 0.001), with T2W vol having the largest volumetric underestimation while DWIvol and ADC(vol) having the smallest. The mean relative index lesion volume underestimations of maxMRI(vol) were 39.16\% +/- 32.58\% and 7.65\% +/- 51.91\% with and without an ERC (P = 0.002). Conclusion: T2W(vol), DWIvol, ADC(vol), DCEvol, and maxMRI(vol) substantially underestimate PCa index lesion volume compared with whole-mount pathology, with T2W vol having the largest volume underestimation. Additionally, using an ERC exacerbates the volume underestimation.110
Herbal Ingredients in the Prevention of Breast Cancer: Comprehensive Review of Potential Molecular Targets and Role of Natural Products
No full textAmong various cancers, breast cancer is the most prevalent type in women throughout the world. Breast cancer treatment is challenging due to complex nature of the etiology of disease. Cell division cycle alterations are often encountered in a variety of cancer types including breast cancer. Common treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapyhowever, adverse effects and multidrug resistance lead to complications and noncompliance. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for natural products from medicinal plants and foods. This review summarizes molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in breast cancer and identifies mechanisms by which natural compounds may exert their efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer.AUG 16202
Effects of stem cells and amniotic fluid on uterus and ovaries in a rat model of abdominal adhesions: a controlled study
No full textObjective: This study aimed to compare the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), amniotic fluid (AF), and a combination of both on the uterus and ovaries in a rat model of abdominal adhesions.Material and Methods: This study was designed as a controlled study. Four groups, each consisting of six rats, were randomly formed. One group was designated as the control (CNT). hUCMSCs -applied (hUCSC), AF-applied (AMN), and a combination of both (hUCSC + AMN) were the experimental groups. All rats were given intraperitoneal talc powder to create adhesions. After 21 days, animals in experimental groups were further treated with hUCMSC, AF or a combination of these.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in primordial follicle count, endometrial gland number, and endometrial blood vessel count (p<0.05). AMN provided the best results in the endometrial vessel and primordial follicle count. The average endometrial gland count in AMN and hUCSC + AMN was similarly higher than CNT and hUCSC alone.Conclusion: There were significantly higher for counts for endometrial glands, endometrial blood vessels, and primordial follicles in the hUCSC, AMN and hUCSC + AMN groups compared to controls. Animals in the AMN group had the best result for endometrial vessel and highest primordial follicle count. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 202223: 154-66)3SEP154-1662
Dose routine intraoperative Double J stent insertion avoid urine leakage after open partial nephrectomy?
No full textObjective: To evaluate the impact of Double stent (DJS) insertion during open partial nephrectomy (OPN) on postoperative prolonged urinary leakage. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was made in consecutive cases of OPN performed between 2002 and 2020 for localized kidney tumors at our tertiary center. Urinary leakage was defined as drainage > 72 hours after surgery by biochemical analysis consistent with urine or radiographic evidence of urine leakage. The patients were divided into two groups according to intraoperative DJS placement, and compared regarding clinicopathologic characteristics, perioperative and postoperative outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with urinary leakage after the operation. Results: Review of records identified 182 patients who were included in the study. In 73 (40\%) patients PN was performed without insertion of a DJS. Thus, 109 (60\%) of patients had a DJS inserted. Apart from higher preoperative eGFR values among patients with DJS (96.6 vs. 94.3 mL/min/1.73 m(2)p = 0.03), demographic characteristics were similar between groups. The two groups were not different regarding perioperative, postoperative and clinicopathologic outcomes. Patients with DJS had longer ischemia times (31 vs. 23 minp = 0.02) and longer length of stay (6 vs. 5 daysp = 0.04). Urinary leakage was seen in 7.6\% (n = 14) of all patients and it did not differ according to DJS placement (DJS+ 9.2 vs. DJS- 5.5\%p = 0.41). On multivariate analysis, the tumor nearness to the collecting system was the sole independently significant factor (p = 0.04) predicting postoperative urine leak. Conclusions: Routine intraoperative DJS insertion during OPN does not appear to reduce the probability of postoperative urine leak.112-179
Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey
No full textBackground The relationship between infant breastfeeding and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear but it has been suggested that there may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology. The main objective of this study is to investigate nutritional risk factors, especially breastfeeding early in life that may be associated with the development of type 1 DM and to determine the relationship these factors have with the disease. Methods This research is a case-control study and was carried out in Ege University Children's Hospital in Izmir, Turkey between 13 January 2020 and 5 March 2020. A total of 246 children aged between 4 and 14 years were included in the study. The case group consisted of patients diagnosed with type 1 DM followed-up by Ege University Children's Hospital's Endocrinology Unit and the control group included non-diabetic children attending the same hospital's General Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. A structured questionnaire was created by the researchers after reviewing the literature related to nutritional and other risk factors for type 1 DM. The questionnaire was administered by interviewing the parents and it was related to the child, mother and family of the child. In this study, breastfeeding duration was defined as the total duration of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding meant that the child received only breast milk from the mother. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 6.30 +/- 4.03 years for cases and 7.48 +/- 2.56 years for controls. We found that each monthly increase in exclusive breastfeeding duration provided a 0.83-fold (95\% CI 0.72, 0.96) decrease in the risk of type 1 DM. Introduction of cereals in the diet at the sixth month or earlier was associated with a 2.58-fold (95\% CI 1.29, 5.16) increased risk. Conclusions Determining the contribution of exclusive breastfeeding to the disease is important in establishing preventive policies. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be an important role in preventing the disease. This free intervention that truly works will be cost-effective. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of both exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding on the development of type 1 DM.1MAY 271
Comparing Preoperative Anxiety Effects of Brachial Plexus Block and General Anesthesia for Orthopedic Upper-Extremity Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
No full textBackground and objectives: Preoperative anxiety is an enormous feeling of fear that is seen in all patients undergoing surgery. The severity of anxiety may vary depending on the type of surgery and anesthesia to be performed. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of brachial plexus blocks and general anesthesia methods on preoperative anxiety levels in patients who will undergo orthopedic upper-extremity surgery and to determine the factors affecting anxiety. Materials and Methods: After randomization, the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Knowledge Scale (APAIS) questionnaire was applied to the patients to determine the preoperative anxiety level, and then anesthesia was applied according to the anesthesia type determined. Pain scores (1, 8, 16, and 24 h) and total opioid consumption of the patients were recorded postoperatively. Results: The APAIS score of the patients in the general anesthesia (GA) group was significantly higher (p = 0.021). VAS score medians at 1, 4, and 8 h postoperatively were found to be significantly higher in the GA group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). Conclusions: USG-guided BPB may cause less anxiety than GA in patients who will undergo elective upper-extremity surgery. However, these patients have moderate anxiety, although it is more associated with advanced age, female gender, and education level.9SEP5