AXSIS - Akademik ve Açık Erişim Bilgi Sistemi (Univ. KTO Karatay)
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Haksız Fiilde Hukuka Aykırılıkla Kusur Unsurlarının Karışması Meselesi
No full textHukuka aykırılık ve kusur, haksız fiilin kurucu unsurlarıdır. Ancak bu unsurların tanımları kanunda belirtilmemiştir. Dolayısıyla hukuka aykırılık ve kusurun tanımı, uygulama ve doktrine bırakılmıştır. Bu durum, farklı teorilerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Genel tanım olarak kusur, hukuka aykırılığın kınanabilir bir şekilde meydana getirilmesi olarak ifade edilir. Hukuka aykırılık ile kusurun mahiyetlerinden kaynaklanan bu sıkı bağ dolayısıyla iki kavram birbirine karışabilmektedir. Özellikle her iki unsur hakkında yapılan farklı tanım ve teoriler, iki kavramın birbirine karışmasına neden olabileceği gibi kabul edilecek teorilere göre iki kavram arasında ayrım yapılmasını da kolaylaştırabilmektedir. Makalede kusur ve hukuka aykırılığın birbirlerine karıştığı noktalar detaylı bir şekilde tespit edilmiştir. Bunun için, özellikle hukuka aykırılık ve kusur hakkındaki farklı teorilerin, bu kavramların birbirine karışmasına veya birbirinden ayrılmasına nasıl ve ne şekilde etki ettikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Bu sayede hem uygulama hem de doktrine bu kavramların karışmasının engellenme yolları da işaret edilmiş ve hukuk tekniği açısından gerekli olan bu ihtiyaç giderilmeye çalışılmıştır
İç Kulak Anomalili Bireylerde ABR Parametreleri ve İşitme Kaybının Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmaları ile Tahmini: Preliminer Bulgular
No full textBACKGROUND & AIM
İç kulak anomalilerinde kokleadan beyin sapına iletim farklılıkları bu grubun değerlendirilmesinde klasik testlerin yetersiz kalmasına yol açabilmektedir. İşitsel Beyinsapı Cevabı (ABR) testi, işitme kaybının(ik) tanısında güvenilir bir yöntem olmakla birlikte işitme siniri ve beyinsapının işitsel değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iç kulak anomalili bireylerde makine öğrenmesi teknikleriyle hem V. dalga eşik ve latans değerlerinin hem de işitme kaybı derecesinin
tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
MATERIALS AND METOD
Farklı iç kulak anomalisi gruplarını içeren 45(20K-25E) veri seti üzerinde MATLAB yazılımı ile analizler yapılmıştır. Naive Bayes (NB) ve k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algoritmaları kullanılmıştır. Performans değerlendirmesinde doğruluk, hassasiyet, duyarlılık, F1 skoru ve ROC-AUC değerleri hesaplanmıştır.
RESULTS
V. dalga eşik ve latans tahmininde (NB) algoritması %84,2, (k-NN) algoritması ise %86,9 doğruluk oranı elde etmiştir. İşitme kaybı sınıflandırmasında k-NN modeli %84,9 doğruluk, %85,3 hassasiyet, %83,2 duyarlılık ve %83,8 F1 skoru ile daha yüksek performans göstermiştir. ROC-AUC değerleri NB için hafif (H), normal (N) ve orta (O) derece ik için 1,00; orta-ileri (Oİ) derecede 0,85; ileri (İ) derecede 0,98 ve çok ileri (Çİ) derecede 1,00 olarak hesaplanmıştır. k-NN algoritması için hafif, normal ve orta derecede 1,00; orta-ileri derecede 0,71; ileri derecede 0,94 ve çok ileri derecede 1,00 olarak elde edilmiştir.
CONCLUSIONS
Makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri, ABR dalga özelliklerinin ve işitme kaybı derecesinin tahmininde etkili bulunmuştur. Bu yöntemlerin özellikle iç kulak anomalili bireylerde tanı, tedavi planlaması ve rehabilitasyon süreçlerine katkı sağlayabileceği öngörülmektedir. Gelecek çalışmalarda daha geniş ve homojen veri setleriyle doğruluk değerlerinin artırılması hedeflenmektedir
İhracat Pazarlamasında Hedef Pazarların Belirlenmesi: Ampirik Bir Yaklaşımla Yeni Bir Model Önerisi
No full textUluslararası ticaret; azami ölçüde hazırlık, araştırma ve planlama gerektiren stratejik bir süreçtir. Bu sürecin uygulanabilir ve sürdürülebilir olması için bilgi, deneyim ve yönetimsel desteğin varlığı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası hedef pazar seçimine yönelik anlaşılabilir, uygulanabilir, sürdürülebilir ve genellenebilir olmasını sağlayacak pratik yapılı bir model geliştirilmiştir. Bu bakımdan, karar verici ve araştırmacılara rehberlik edecek önemli bir katkıya sahiptir.
Model, çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) temeline dayalı bir analiz aracıdır. Araştırmanın üç temel amacı bulunmaktadır: a) kriter seçimi, b) hedef pazar seçimi, c) projenin pratik modellenmesi ile bir karar modelinin oluşturulması.
Kriterler, Swara ve Lopcow yöntemleriyle ağırlıklandırılıp Cradis yöntemi ile sıralaması yapılmıştır. Pazar büyüklüğü, pazar büyümesi, yüksek derecede büyüyen pazarlar, ihracatçı ülkenin yıllar ve üç aylık dönemlere göre büyüme gösterdiği pazarlar önemli kriterler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kriterler beş farklı uzman değerlendirmesi ile Swara metodunda ağırlıklandırılırken, kriterlere ait ikincil veriler Lopcow metodu ile ağırlıklandırılarak karma sonuç elde edilmiştir. Sonuçların doğrulanması için 81 senaryo ile duyarlılık analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar Aroman, Mabac, Mairca ve CoCoSo yönemleri ile karşılaştırılarak Copeland birleştirme yöntemi ile bütünleştirilmiştir.
Elde edilen bulgulara göre; önerilen modelin güvenilir olduğu kanıtlanmış ve hedef pazar olarak Tacikistan ve Kırgızistan birinci öncelikli pazarlar olarak belirlenmiştir
J/ψ-Hadron Correlations at Midrapidity in pp Collisions at s=13 TeV
No full textWe report on the measurement of inclusive, non-prompt, and prompt J/ψ-hadron correlations by the ALICE Collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The correlations are studied at midrapidity (|y| TTint = 34 nb−1 and Lint = 6.9 pb−1, respectively. In addition, two more data samples are employed, requiring, on top of the minimum bias condition, a threshold on the tower energy of E = 4 and 9 GeV in the ALICE electromagnetic calorimeters, which correspond to integrated luminosities of Lint = 0.9 pb−1 and Lint = 8.4 pb−1, respectively. The azimuthally integrated near and away side yields of associated charged hadrons per J/ψ trigger are presented as a function of the J/ψ and associated hadron transverse momentum. The measurements are discussed in comparison to PYTHIA calculations. © The Author(s) 2025
Bayesian Estimation of the Inverse Exponential Power Distribution for COVID-19 Case Fatality Analysis Under SDG 3
No full textIn this study, the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) and Bayes estimators for the shape and scale parameters of Inverse Exponential Power (IEP) distribution are derived. As closed-form solutions for the Bayes estimators are not available, approximate estimators are obtained through Lindley’s and Tierney–Kadane’s approximation methods, along with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, under the squared-error loss (SEL) function. Also, the approximate Bayes estimates are evaluated against the maximum likelihood estimates based on mean square error (MSE) and bias values using Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the coverage probabilities of the parametric bootstrap estimates are computed. Finally, real data sets belonging to the COVID-19 Pandemic Case Fatality Rate across World Health Organization (WHO) and Organization fo Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) regions data is investigated as an important indicator to achieve United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) are employed to display the emprical results associated with both non-bayesian and bayesian estimations of the IEP distribution presented. By offering improved estimation techniques for flexible health indicator distributions, the results contribute to the broader effort of enhancing statistical tools used in global health analytics—particularly in areas such as survival modeling, biomedical reliability, and chronic disease monitoring aligned with SDG 3. © The Author(s) 2025
Examining the Performance of Thermal Insulation Materials Used in Buildings for Noise Insulation
No full textThe production yields of the orbitally excited charm-strange mesons D(s1()1(+))(2536)(+) and D-s2*(2*)(2573)* were measured for the first time in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 13 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The D-s1(+) and D-s2*(+) mesons were measured at midrapidity (|y| <0.5) in minimum-bias and high-multiplicity pp collisions in the transverse-momentum interval 2 < p(T) <24 GeV/c. Their production yields relative to the D-s(+) ground-state yield were found to be compatible between minimum-bias and high-multiplicity collisions, as well as with previous measurements in e(+/-)p and e(+)e(-) collisions. The measured D-s1(+)/D-s(+) and D-s2*(+) /D-s(+) yield ratios are described by statistical hadronization models and can be used to tune the parameters governing the production of excited charm-strange hadrons in Monte Carlo generators, such as PYTHIA 8
The Effectiveness of Peer Education-Supported Psychosocial Skills Training in Individuals With Chronic Mental Disorder: A Mixed-Method Randomized Controlled Trial: Peer Education-Supported Psychosocial Skills Training in Individuals With Chronic Mental Disorder
No full textThe objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of peer-education-based psychosocial skills training in individuals with chronic mental disorders. The sample consisted of 38 individuals who were followed up in a Community Mental Health Centre in Türkiye using a sequential mixed-method design in which a randomised controlled experimental and phenomenological study design was utilised. The process of the study started with the pretest, followed by interim assessments and posttests. The training process began by providing “Peer Education-Supported Psychosocial Skill Training-Educator Training” to the patients in the experimental group. Then, “Peer Education-Supported Psychosocial Skill Training” was provided to the experimental group by the peers who were trained as educators. During this process, the “Descriptive Information Form,” “Self-Stigma Inventory,” “Social Functioning Assessment Scale,” and “Beck Cognitive Insight Scale” were used as data collection tools. According to the quantitative findings, the training significantly elevated the level of functioning in the experimental group. However, no significant effect was found on self-stigma or cognitive insight levels. Qualitative findings showed that there were positive effects on the self-confidence, communication skills, social adaptation, and self-care skills of the participants. As a result of thematic analysis, the participants’ statements were gathered under the main themes of “Peer Support,” “Effective Areas,” “Areas with Limited Effectiveness,” “Factors Affecting Effectiveness of the Training,” and “Suggestions.”. These findings show that peer education-supported psychosocial skills training may elevate the functioning levels of individuals with chronic mental disorders, but may have no significant effect in other areas. In conclusion, psychiatric nurses and other mental health professionals should focus on developing similar interventions and integrating them into the community mental health system. It is considered that such studies can effectively reach wider audiences and can be an important strategy for fighting chronic mental disorders. Clinical Trial No: NCT05980832. © The Author(s) 2025
Living Biophotovoltaics Harnessing Green Algal Photosynthesis and Respiration for Simultaneous Photocurrent and Hydrogen Generation
No full textThis study presents a novel Living Biophotovoltaic (Living BPV) system designed to simultaneously generate photocurrent and hydrogen using metabolically active green algae (Paulschulzia pseudovolvox sp). A photoanode was constructed by immobilizing green algae on a conductive polymer matrix of P(SNS-Ph-Pyr) and a calix[4]arene-gold nanoparticle composite. The porous architecture of the platform enhanced algal adhesion and facilitated efficient electron transfer. The immobilized algae contributed to energy generation via both photosynthesis and respiration, enabling dual-mode operation under light and dark conditions. Covalent bonding between calixarene carboxyl groups and algal amines ensured structural stability, while the gold nanoparticles supported rapid electron flow. A platinum nanoparticle-based cathode enabled hydrogen evolution through proton reduction. The study uniquely explores the contribution of green algal respiration alongside photosynthesis in BPV applications. Electropolymerization and surface modification techniques were optimized to enhance system efficiency. The results demonstrate that the system maintains photocurrent stability over prolonged periods and enables reproducible hydrogen generation, even under PSII-inhibited conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a BPV system leveraging both photosynthetic and respiratory pathways of green algae for integrated electricity and hydrogen production. The findings highlight the potential of Living BPVs as sustainable, biohybrid platforms for next-generation solar energy conversion. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Probabilistic Learning
No full texttVNS enhances various memory and learning mechanisms, but there is inconclusive evidence on whether probabilistic learning can be enhanced by tVNS. Here, we tested a simplified version of the probabilistic learning task with monetary rewards in a between-participants design with left and right-sided cymba conchae and tragus stimulation (compared to sham stimulation) in a sample of healthy individuals (n = 80, 64 women, on average 26.38 years old). tVNS enhances overall accuracy significantly (p = 4.09 x 10−04) and reduces response times (p = 1.1006 x 10−49) in the probabilistic learning phase. Reinforcement learning modelling of the data revealed that the tVNS group uses a riskier strategy, dedicates more time to stimulus encoding and motor processes and exhibits greater reward sensitivity relative to the sham group. The learning advantage for tVNS relative to sham persists (p = 0.005 for accuracy and p = 9.2501 × 10−27 for response times) during an immediate extinction phase with continued stimulation in which feedback and reward were omitted. Our observations are in line with the proposal that tVNS enhances reinforcement learning in healthy individuals. This suggests that tVNS may be useful in contexts where fast learning and learning persistence in the absence of a reward is an advantage, for example, in the case of learning new habits. © 2025 The Author(s). Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research
A Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of 50 Years of Optimization Approaches Applied to the Order Batching Problem
No full textThis manuscript presents a literature review with a bibliometric analysis on the Order Batching Problem (OBP). The research analyzed Literature Reviews (30) and Picking Optimization Methods (138). Most approaches focus on hypothetical warehouses with static (offline) orders and are configured as the classical OBP. These warehouses feature rectangular layouts (single-block and parallel aisles) with low-level picker-to-parts systems and one Pick-up and Drop-off. Most effective solutions have emerged from metaheuristics in conjunction with constructive heuristics, and the most frequently utilized techniques are the Genetic Algorithm and Variable Neighborhood Search. The main performance indicators are the Total Picking Time, the Total Routing Distance, and the Computational Processing Time. The bibliometric analyses encompassed Journals (77), Universities (169), and Researchers (331). Most publications originate from journals in Europe and North America. The countries with the highest concentration of universities and researchers are the United States and China. Nevertheless, authorship analysis shows that China and Germany outperform the United States. The continents with the largest number of researchers are Asia and Europe. However, a ranking by authorship reveals that the researchers with the most publications are from Europe and South America. This manuscript presents the state of the art, demonstrates advancements in the field, identifies research interests, examines customer service level requirements and warehouse efficiency, and addresses the gap for more comprehensive bibliometric analyses on OBP. Formulating Picking Optimization Methods better adapted and capable of addressing real-world trade-offs constitutes the primary challenge and the most promising future approaches for the OBP. © 2025 Elsevier Inc