Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
GraFar - Repository of the Faculty of Civil EngineeringNot a member yet
3934 research outputs found
Sort by
Analiza stabilnosti brane „Lipovica“ primenom Karlsrue metode
Get PDFU radu je prikazana analiza stabilnosti geodetske 2D mreže brane „Lipovica“ primenom Karlsrue
metode deformacione analize. U prvom delu rada, data je uopštena klasifikacija deformacionih modela koji se koriste prilikom realizacije geodetskog osmatranja. Posebno poglavlje posvećeno je opisu same Karlsrue metode, njenom algoritmu kao i načinu primene. Efikasnost metode je zasebno razmatrana na praktičnom primeru geodetske 2D mreže brane „Lipovica“ čiji su podaci kontrolne ephe simulirani. Ovom analizom utvrđena je saglasnost između simuliranih vrednosti pomeranja sa vrednostima koje su otkrivene Karlsrue metodom, pri čemu su u radu dostupni svi ulazni podaci neophodni za ponavljanje postupka
CliRtheRoads: An Integrated Approach to Landslide Risk Management on Roads in Serbia
Get PDFIn the framework of the project “Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in the Road Transportation Management in Serbia (CliRtheRoads)”, a complex mapping tool was developed to support the Government of Serbia and Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia in climate change adaptation planning and management. The software solution comprises of: a web portal for data entry and management for authorised users; a publicly available web-GIS application; a mobile GIS application; and a back-end database. This paper briefly overviews the system, focusing on the landslide data model. Therein, the main system and software solution breakthrough is automatizing the estimation of investment costs of engineering and non-engineering measures recommended at affected locations along the road network. A retrospective on its applicability and user feedback is also included. The objective was to facilitate seamless road management by providing necessary data in a simple, understandable fashion, indicating which locations on the road network have higher priority. The introduced level of automation allows easier decision-making and investment planning
Challenges and potential of fiber optic sensors for structural health monitoring of bridges: a review
Get PDFStructural health monitoring (SHM) has gained significant attention in the field of civil engineering due to effective maintenance of structures, particularly bridges. However, traditional SHM methods have limitations in providing accurate and continuous data, which has led researchers to explore new technologies, one of which is fiber optic sensor (FOS) monitoring. This paper provides a comprehensivereview of the use of FOS in bridge SHM, highlighting the challenges and potential of this technology. FOS are convenient for SHM due to their high accuracy, immunity toelectromagnetic interference, and capability of working in harsh environments. They are particularly suitable for quasi-distributive anddistributive measurement systems on capital civil engineering structures. FOS can be utilized to measurevarious parameters, including deformation, temperature, and strain. In bridge constructions, FOS can beinstalled in multiple locations.
Deformation measurements using FOS can provide accurate information on the displacement and
deflection of the bridge, which can help in detecting abnormalities or damages. Temperature
measurements using FOS can detect effects of thermal load on bridges, which can cause significant damage. Strain measurements using FOS can help describe the stress distribution in
the bridge, which can be used for maintenance purposes. FOS-based SHM systems can provide real-time and continuous data, which can help in detecting any potential problems at an early stage and preventing catastrophic failures. The use of FOS in SHM of bridges has been extensively researched and demonstrated in various studies. However, challenges such as installation, calibration, and interpretation of the data require further research.
The paper will discuss the potential of FOS-based SHM systems in improving the safety and reliability of bridge constructions. It will also highlight the challenges related to FOS installation, calibration, and data interpretation and provide insights into future research directions for developing more robust and cost-effective FOS-based SHM systems
The role of permeable products in the paving of urban environment in the light of sustainable use of resources
Get PDFPervious concrete and different types of permeable products for paving are in the spotlight of the researchers from different areas: material engineering, urbanization, water management, sustainable development, renewable energy resources, etc. The paper presents the most important parameters related to production and application of pervious concrete, and the ways of using these products in various conditions. Additionally, mechanical properties of pervious concrete slabs produced with 30% of cement replaced with modified solidified waste water treated sludge are presented, as a possible way of sustainable usage of these products
Morphology Investigation of Sulfur-Polymer Composite
Get PDFThis research evaluates the effects of the acid environment on sulfur-polymer composite. For this
purpose, a morphology investigation consisting of mathematical morphology analysis and SEM
analysis was performed Based on the obtained results, insignificant changes in the pore system of
sulfur-polymer composite in terms of deterioration, pore distribution, and homogeneity were
observed. Namely, no signs of severe damage were detected at the surface and inside the samples.
With increasing the acid exposure time, the material exhibited further changes in the direction of
homogenization and drowning of the aggregate in the sulfur binder compared with the starting
structure. These facts indicate that sulfur-polymer composite can be effectively used as a
construction material in an acid environment
Ground Surface Subsidence Monitoring Using Sentinel-1 in the “Kostolac” Open Pit Coal Mine
Get PDFOpen pit coal mining affects surrounding populated areas, resulting in terrain surface deformation. Surface deformation should be monitored as often as possible to control deformations and prevent potential incidents. This paper analyzes time series deformation estimated from the Sentinel-1 satellite images using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry method to monitor subsidence rates caused by open pit mining activities. It is possible to measure deformations using classical geodetic methods, but those are rarely used in practice because they are time-consuming and expensive for application in large areas. Using the open access radar images from the Sentinel-1 mission, 513 images from the repository were downloaded between October 2016 and the end of December 2020. We present the processing steps in detail in order to establish a workflow for the automated processing of vertical displacement estimation using open source tools; a total of 402 images were processed: 215 images belonged to the ascending satellite orbit, 187 images belonged to the descending orbit, and 111 images were rejected because of adverse weather conditions. The PS InSAR technique has never been used for the mines of the Republic of Serbia or for land surveying practices related to deformation monitoring. The results based on the Sentinel-1 images were compared with results from geodetic leveling and with neotectonic uplift trends. The trend lines of vertical displacement obtained from PS and corresponding leveling are significantly similar (a Pearson correlation of 85% with a p-value of 0.015). The final evaluation reported results of vertical displacements at the leveling benchmark of −3.4 mm/year with the PS InSAR method and −2.7 mm/year with the leveling method. A comparison of the PS vertical displacements with a settlement model fits reasonably, suggesting that the measurements are valid. As four years of PS time series data is insufficient to establish undisputable conclusions on the neotectonics uplift, extending the time series (covering at least a decade) implies that this approach will become attractive in future neotectonic uplift trend estimations. This study illustrates not only the ability of Sentinel-1 data in mapping vertical deformations, but the obtained results could also be used for geohazard monitoring and land monitoring in general for the area of interest
Incorporating Ecosystems in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Current Perspective and Future Directions
Get PDFIntegrated approaches for managing natural resources are needed to meet the increasing demand for freshwater, energy and food, while, in parallel, mitigating and adapting to climate change, maintaining the integrity of ecosystems, and ensuring equitable access to resources. The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus has been proposed as a cross-sectoral approach to understand, analyse, and manage the complex trade-offs and exploit synergies that arise among these resource sectors. Although not initially included as a component of the Nexus, the importance of ecosystems in supporting water, energy and food security is increasingly recognised by the Nexus community of researchers and practitioners. However, attempts to conceptually integrate Ecosystems into the Nexus have yet to converge into a common framework. A group of natural resources management researchers, system thinkers and ecosystem services experts from the European network COST Action CA20138 NEXUSNET have compiled and investigated the various approaches for integrating ecosystems in the WEF Nexus. By combining literature analysis with interdisciplinary workshops – one of which was held in a hybrid format (in person and online) at the University of Oulu, Finland, in September 2022 – we reveal a multiplicity of concepts utilised to represent, partially or fully, ecosystems in the Nexus, namely “natural environment”, “ecosystem services” and “biodiversity”. Disparity was also found in the role attributed to ecosystems in the Nexus framework, being it an underlying layer from which resources for Nexus sectors are extracted or the pillar of an expanded Nexus system – i.e., the WEF-Ecosystems Nexus. Through this collaborative effort, we present possible advantages and disadvantages of adopting differential WEF-Ecosystems Nexus approaches, highlighting their potential complementarity and integration to support future advancement of Nexus research. In the oral presentation, we will show our preliminary findings and encourage the exchange of ideas and feedback from the different scientific disciplines present at the CEMEPE Conference.Tenth International Conference on Environmental Management, Engineering, Planning and Economics (CEMEPE) & SECOTOX Conference organized by:
Division of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (SECOTOX), Skiathos island, Greece, 2023
The feasibility of using copper slag in asphalt mixtures for base and surface layers based on laboratory results
Get PDFThis study aims to assess the feasibility of using copper slag (CS) in asphalt mixtures in both the surface and base
layers of road pavements. For this purpose, two sets of asphalt mixtures with different CS content (15 and 30%)
and fraction sizes (0/8 and 0/16 mm) were prepared. The optimal binder content of each mixture was determined
using the Marshall mix design method. Their laboratory performances were investigated and compared
with the properties of reference asphalt mixtures, i.e. mixtures consisting exclusively of virgin materials. Test
results showed that adding CS to the mixture for the surface layer improved stiffness and rutting resistance and
had almost no negative impacts on the remaining properties apart from cracking resistance. Further, the addition
of CS to the base-layer mixture improved cracking resistance, but negatively affected stiffness, rutting and fatigue
resistance. In both cases, adding CS did not influence the strength, water sensitivity or freeze–thaw resistance.
From a leaching perspective, the results showed that leachates gathered from the asphalt mixtures designed for
the surface layer did not contain heavy metals. Overall, it can be concluded that CS has a potential to be used as
an appropriate aggregate substitute for virgin aggregates in asphalt mixtures for both surface and base layers
Aspekti zaštite životne sredine u okviru baza podataka o mostovima u Republici Srbiji
Get PDFU republici Srbiji postoji Baza podataka o mostovima još od devedesetih godina prethodnog veka. Ova baza je u nadležnosti JP Putevi Srbije pod čijom inicijativom je izvršena revizija podataka iz baze i, u okviru projekta: Ažuriranje metodologije za pregled i vrednovanje stanja mostova i izrada novih aplikacija za upravljanje bazom podataka o mostovima, izrađena je nova metodologiji na kojoj je zasnova tekuća verzija ove baze. U radu je opisano novo tehničko rešenje baze podataka o mostovima koje je primenjeno kroz novu Software-sku aplikaciju Baze podataka o mostovima.
Prvobitna verzija baze je sadržala segmente, koji, na žalost, nisu aktivirani a odnose se na preduzete mere održavanja i odgovarajuće troškove. Predviđeno je da se ovi segmenti popunjavaju sukcesivno u narednom periodu. Kako u vreme nastanka baze (rane devedesete godine prošlog veka) aspekt zaštite životne sredine nije bio u dovoljnoj meri zastupljen,
kako u okviru projektovanja, izgradnje ili tokom eksploatacije objekata, postojeća baza nije tretirala ova pitanja. Tokom daljeg razvoja baze predviđa se da se i ova problematika uzme u obzir
Tropospheric refraction and its influence through Zenith Total Path Delay at different IGS stations
Get PDFThe propagation of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals through the atmosphere is affected by the electron content in the ionosphere and the air density in the electrically neutral troposphere, thus causing a signal delay and leading to errors in the GNSS observations and the estimated positions. Our research has been conducted related to the influence of the tropospheric layer of the Earth's atmosphere on signals at geodetic observation stations in the zenith direction. Since tropospheric refraction cannot be directly estimated, the signal delay has been quantified by applying several developed models. As the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the average height of the troposphere is approximately ten kilometers, and it is variable concerning the latitude of the measuring station and seasonal conditions. The tropospheric delay of the GNSS signal - Zenith Total Delay (ZTD), was analyzed on the examples of three International GNSS Service (IGS) stations at different latitudes. Two epochs in July 2022 and January 2023 for each IGS station are considered regarding seasonal differences in the atmospheric parameters. It was found that at each of the IGS stations, there is an oscillation of the ZTD amplitude with a half-day period. Different patterns were distinguished at each station, depending on the station latitude and epoch, i.e., summer or winter atmospheric conditions. For example, a random walk signal was dominant at the ROAG, San Fernando IGS station.Edited by Aleksandra Nina, Snežana Dragović, and Dejan Dolja