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Primena inovativnih rešenja za merenja protoka u kanalizacionim mrežama: Iskustva stečena u Inđiji, Staroj Pazovi i Novim Banovcima
Get PDFUpravljanje kanalizacionim sistemima se zasniva na poznavanju rada mreže. Podaci o radu mreže uglavnom su skromnog obima. Usled ograničenih budžeta, komunalna preduzeća retko investiraju u formiranju stalnih mernih mesta. Prilikom planiranja kapitalnih investicija, npr. postrojenja za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda, nedostajući podaci se obezbeđuju kratkoročnim mernim kampanjama na privremenim mernim mestima. Problemi su povezani lokacijski i hidraulički nepovoljnim mernim mestima Izvođači merenja kombinuju merne metode i tehnologije, ili primenjuju inovativna rešenja obezbeđujući zadovoljavajući kvalitet ipodataka. U radu su prikazana inovativna rešenja osmišljena na Institutu za hidrotehniku i vodno ekološko inženjerstvo Građevinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu na kampanji merenja u kanalizacionim sistemima Inđije, Stare Pazove i Novih Banovaca
The Influence of Modern Effluent Control Systems on the Sewage of Settlements
Get PDFRad analizira mogućnost smanjenja infiltracije kišnice u fekalni kanalizacioni sistem
koristeći integralno upravljanje vodama. Prikazani su elementi za upravljanje atmosferskim
vodama korišćeni u rešenju kanalisanja naselja Golubinje. Infiltracija je modelirana EPA
SWMM modelom, a sistem za odvođenje fekalnih voda iz naselja je modeliran URBANO
Canalis modelom. Oba modela i korišćene metode su prikazane u radu.The paper analyzes the possibility of reducing rainwater infiltration into the fecal sewage
system using integral water management. The storm water management elements used in
the channelization solution of the Golubinje settlement are presented. Infiltration was
modeled with the EPA SWMM model, and the system for removing sewage from the
settlement was modeled with the URBANO Canalis model. Both models and used methods
are presented in the paper.Tiraž: 150 primeraka; Štampa: Akademska izdanja, Zemun; Obim: 310 strana, 24 cm; COBISS.SR-ID 116513289; CIP 502.51(082), 556.11(082), 628.3(082), 628.1(082)
Shake‑table testing of a stone masonry building aggregate: overview of blind prediction study
Get PDFCity centres of Europe are often composed of unreinforced masonry structural aggregates, whose seismic response is challenging to predict. To advance the state of the art on the seismic response of these aggregates, the Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures (AIMS) subproject from Horizon 2020 project Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA) provides shake-table test data of a two-unit, double-leaf stone masonry aggregate subjected to two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. A blind prediction was organized with participants from academia and industry to test modelling approaches and assumptions and to learn about the extent of uncertainty in modelling for such masonry aggregates. The participants were provided with the full set of material and geometrical data, construction details and original seismic input and asked to predict prior to the test the expected seismic response in terms of damage mechanisms, base-shear forces, and roof displacements. The modelling approaches used differ significantly in the level of detail and the modelling assumptions. This paper provides an overview of the adopted modelling approaches and their subsequent predictions. It further discusses the range of assumptions made when modelling masonry walls, floors and connections, and aims at discovering how the common solutions regarding modelling masonry in general, and masonry aggregates in particular, affect the results. The results are evaluated both in terms of damage mechanisms, base shear forces, displacements and interface openings in both directions, and then compared with the experimental results. The modelling approaches featuring Discrete Element Method (DEM) led to the best predictions in terms of displacements, while a submission using rigid block limit analysis led to the best prediction in terms of damage mechanisms. Large coefficients of variation of predicted displacements and general underestimation of displacements in comparison with experimental results, except for DEM models, highlight the need for further consensus building on suitable modelling assumptions for such masonry aggregates
Kontrola produktivnosti na građevinskim projekatima zasnovana na ključnim resursima
No full textProduktivnost predstavlja jedan od ključnih indikatora građevinske proizvodnje, kao i
faktor koji bitno utiče na visinu nepotrebnih troškova. Unapređenjem produktivnosti
stvaraju se preduslovi za smanjenje proizvodne cene, ostvarivanje visokog profita i
povećanje konkurentnosti firme. Zbog angažovanja velikog broja različitih resursa,
kontrola produktivnosti na građevinskim projektima je otežana, često zakasnela i
neefikasna. U radu je predložen pristup za identifikaciju ključnih resursa, koji mogu bitno
uticati na visinu produktivnosti na projektima. Na taj način stvaraju se preduslovi za
fokusiranu kontrolu, pre svega ključnih resursa, gde su greške najskuplje i gde treba
delovati preventivno, ciljano i efikasno. Predloženi pristup podržava lean principe. U radu
su analizirane najčešće korišćene metode za merenje produktivnosti i date su preporuke
za njihovu primenu na ključnim resursima, sa ciljem unapređenja poslovanja
D3.5 Farming System Archetypes for each CS
Get PDFThis deliverable provides an overview of the methods and data used for developing the Farming System Archetypes (FSAs) in the five case studies - Humber, Mulde, SouthMoravia, Bačka and Catalonia. Additionally, it discusses limitations as well as problems and presents solutions. The FSAs are a generalized typology of farming systems that are assumed to have similar response to policy change. FSAs are a major component of the BESTMAP modelling architecture because they provide linkages between many aspects of the project, especially connecting the biophysical and agent-based modelling in the case studies (CS), based on local data (e.g. IACS/LPIS, for explanation see Methodology), with the modelling of policy effects at the EU level, based on FADN micro-data within the FADN regions. The FSA framework defines the main farm characteristics determined by two main dimensions: firstly farm specialization and secondly economic size, both calculated and mapped for each farm in the CSs. ‘Farmer agents’ who belong to the same FSA are then assumed to have similar decision patterns regarding the adoption of agri-environmental schemes, based on the relationships revealed in the CS agent-based models
Bituminous Binder and Bituminous Mixture Modified with Waste Polyethylene
No full textRILEM TC-279 WMR task group TG 1 studied the performance of
waste Polyethylene (PE) in bituminous bituminous binder and bituminous mixtures.
Several laboratories participated in this study following a common protocol.
Locally sources aggregates and bituminous binder and same source of waste
PE and were utilized. The binder experiments showed that at high temperatures,
using MSCR tests, PE modified blends had better resistance to permanent deformation
in comparison to the non modified binder. Whereas at low temperatures,
using the LAS tests, fatigue performance of the PE blends could withstand
more loading cycles under low strains; however, it could sustain less loading cycles
under high strains due to the increase in brittleness. Dry process was used
for the mixture experiments in order to bypass the stability and inhomogeneity
experience that was observed at the binder scale. The PE modified mixtures
showed improved workability and increased strength. The higher the PE dosage
the higher the ITS increase with respect to the values measured for the control
materials (i.e., without any plastic waste) thanks to the improved cohesion of the
plastic modified mastic. The stiffness experiments showed an improved performance
with a lower time dependence and a higher elasticity that were often
measured when plastic was added. The cyclic compression tests demonstrated a
reduced creep rate along with a higher creep modulus thanks to the addition of
PE; similar conclusions can be drawn from the experimental findings coming
from wheel tracking test. Furthermore, acceptable and often improved moisture
resistance was observed for PE modified materials
Flexural behaviour and ultimate bending capacity of high-volume fly ash reinforced concrete beams
No full textLarge number of studies analyzed physical and mechanical properties of high-volume fly ash concrete, but only a few discussed its structural behavior. Material properties are an important input parameter for structural analysis, but they are insufficient for reliable conclusions to be made. This study analyses flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams made with 63% of low-calcium class F fly ash in total cementitious materials mass, using experimental method and analyzing current code predictions (EN 1992-1-1). The analysis was done by comparing beams made with two longitudinal reinforcement ratios, made with traditional cement concrete (OPC) and high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC), both corresponding to concrete class C30/37. Beams were tested in a four-point bending test measuring vertical displacement, crack development, concrete strains and longitudinal reinforcement strains. According to this research, the flexural performance of HVFAC beams is similar to flexural performance of corresponding OPC beams in terms of ultimate bending capacity. The significant difference was noticed regarding cracking extent that was higher in HVFAC beams. Available ultimate bending moments code predictions can be applied on HVFAC beams with similar precision and variation of results, like for OPC beams. However, this cannot be concluded for parameters depending on the cracking behaviour, like cracking moments or deflections. Results and analysis presented in this study indicate that HVFAC can be used in structural elements subjected dominantly to bending, like beams and slabs. More research regarding structural behavior of HVFAC using full-scale long-term tests is needed to develop larger database for reliability analysis
Failure Conditions Assessment of Complex Water Systems Using Fuzzy Logic
No full textClimate change, energy transition, population growth and other natural and anthropogenic impacts, combined with outdated (unfashionable) infrastructure, can force Dam and Reservoir Systems (DRS) operation outside of the design envelope (adverse operating conditions). Since there is no easy way to redesign or upgrade the existing DRSs to mitigate against all the potential failure situations, Digital Twins (DT) of DRSs are required to assess system’s performance under various what-if scenarios. The current state of practice in failure modelling is that failures (system’s not performing at the expected level or not at all) are randomly created and implemented in simulation models. That approach helps in identifying the riskiest parts (subsystems) of the DRS (risk-based approach), but does not consider hazards leading to failures, their occurrence probabilities or subsystem failure exposure. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper presents a more realistic failure scenario generator based on a causal approach. Here, the novel failure simulation approach utilizes fuzzy logic reasoning to create DRS failures based on hazard severity and subsystems’ reliability. Combined with the system dynamics (SD) model this general failure simulation tool is designed to be used with any DRS. The potential of the proposed method is demonstrated using the Pirot DRS case study in Serbia over a 10-year simulation period. Results show that even occasional hazards (as for more than 97% of the simulation there were no hazards), combined with outdated infrastructure can reduce DRS performance by 50%, which can help in identifying possible “hidden” failure risks and support system maintenance prioritization
Service Life Design of Concrete Structures Made of High-Volume Limestone Powder Concrete—Case of the Carbonation-Induced Corrosion
Get PDFOne of the paths to CO2 emissions reduction in the concrete industry is to use low-clinker cements, providing at the same time the performance of concrete that is adequate for application in concrete structures. This paper explores the impact of the clinker replacement with high amounts of limestone powder (21–70% in the powder phase) on concrete carbonation resistance. To quantify this impact, the empirical relationship between the carbonation resistance and the compressive strength of the high-volume limestone powder concrete (HVLPC) was established. For that pur-pose, the regression analysis was applied on the experimental results collected from the published research. The service life analysis based on the full probabilistic approach was performed using the fib Model Code 2010 prediction model and proposed empirical relationship. The first-order relia-bility method (FORM) was applied to solve the limit state function of reinforcement depassivation with a reliability index equal to 1.3. The obtained minimum concrete cover depths were 40–110% higher compared to those prescribed in the current European standard EN 1992-1-1:2004 for in-dicative strength classes. Based on the full probabilistic analysis, recommended cover depths are given for all carbonation exposure classes, commonly applied concrete strength classes, and service lives of 50 and 100 years
Life cycle analysis (LCA) of asphalt layers containing copper and steel slag
Get PDFVeliki industrijski razvoj je poslednjih decenija izazvao nekontrolisano iskorišćavanje prirodnih resursa i degradaciju životne sredine, što je dovelo do zabrinutosti društva za posledice koje utiču na stanje životne sredine.
Izgradnja putne infrastrukture je jedan od glavnih faktora koji doprinose globalnom zagrevanju u oblasti građevinarstva. Procenjeno je da svaki metar izgrađenog puta godišnje izazove emisiju gasova staklene bašte u iznosu od 14,7 kg CO2ek, gde su faza ekstrakcije i proizvodnja materijala glavni procesi koji doprinose ukupnoj emisiji ugljenika i potrošnji energije. (1) To je razlog zašto izbor materijala za izradu kolovoznih konstrukcija direktno utiče na lokalno zagađenje i degradaciju životne sredine.
U ovom radu je razmatrana upotreba bakarne i čelične zgure kao delimične zamene prirodnog agregata u asfaltnim mešavinama i analiziran je životni ciklus kolovoznih konstrukcija, napravljenih od pomenutih mešavina.
Eksperimentalna istraživanja su pokazala da upotreba bakarne i čelične zgure u asfaltnim mešavinama dovodi do povećane potrošnje veziva prilikom spravljanja mešavina i do povećavanja transportne mase, što dovodi do povećane potrošnje energije i negativno utiče na globalno zagrevanje i zdravlje ljudi. Međutim, upotreba ovih industrijskih nusproizvoda u asfaltnim mešavinama dovodi do uštede prirodnih agregata i rešava problem deponovanja ovog otpadnog materijala na odlagalištima, što je veoma značajno sa ekološkog aspekta.In recent decades, large-scale industrial development has caused uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation, which has led to society's concern about the consequences affecting the state of the environment.
The construction of road infrastructure is one of the main factors contributing to global warming in the construction industry. It has been estimated that each meter of road constructed annually causes greenhouse gas emissions of 14.7 kg CO2eq, where the extraction phase and material production are the main processes that contribute to the total carbon emissions and energy consumption. (1) This is the reason why the choice of materials for the construction of pavement structures directly affects local pollution and environmental degradation.
In this paper, the use of copper and steel slag as a partial replacement of natural aggregate in asphalt mixtures was discussed and the life cycle of pavement structures made from the aforementioned mixtures was analyzed.
Experimental research has shown that the use of copper and steel slag in asphalt mixtures leads to increased consumption of binder for preparation of mixtures and to an increase in transport mass, which cause increased energy consumption and negatively affect global warming and human health. However, the use of these industrial by-products in asphalt mixtures leads to the saving of natural aggregates and solves the problem of depositing this waste material in landfills, which is very significant from an environmental point of view