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Conditional random fields for simulating spatial variability of geotechnical parameters in tunnelling
Get PDFIn times of fast urbanization, underground infrastructure has taken primacy for servicing the city development. Shield tunnel construction is facing significant challenges due to geological uncertainty and limited availability of site-specific test data. As proven by recent works, tunnel design can be done more precisely within the probabilistic frameworks by considering the soil spatial variability, rather than using conventional deterministic-based approaches. In spatial
variability modelling, the problem of incomplete utilization of known borehole soil parameters
within the unconditional random fields can be overcome by generating conditional random fields.
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the CRF application for spatial variability assessments in tunneling in the last five years. It finds that, when applying CRF-based probabilistic approaches, parameter uncertainty is undeniably reduced, and tunnel performance assessments are improved. Since CRFs have rarely been used for tunnel performance assesment, the paper recognizes research gaps that are of great interest to be further investigated in the future
Experimental Behaviour of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Cruciform Section Columns
No full textThis paper describes experiments addressing the buckling and collapse behaviour of cold-formed stainless steel cruciform section columns. To build doubly symmet-rical flanged cruciform section columns, six individual press-braked plain channels made of austenitic grade EN 1.4307 were assembled back-to-back. Two channel geometries were used – with cross-section height 200 mm and 100 mm. They were connected using bolts M8 of class 8.8, with equidistant spacings along the column length. Six columns with three different lengths – namely, short (600 mm), inter-mediate (1200 mm) and long (2400 mm) – were tested under pure axial compres-sion load and under end semi-rigid support conditions. Two tests were included for each length. It was observed that the buckling patterns in the built-up cruciform section specimens were affected by their global slenderness and by the spacing between the fasteners. However, in the cases of long specimens, where global tor-sional buckling was critical, the fastener spacing had a minor influence on the ulti-mate capacity of the columns
Примена ФАЗИ АХП методе за избор технологије изградње канализационе црпне станице ''Макиш''
No full textУ раду се разматра примена фази АХП методе са троугластим фази бројевима приликом
избора технологије изградње Канализационе црпне станице Макиш. Анализиране су четири
варијанте (алтернативе) чије рангирање је извршено у односу на шест критеријума. Фази АХП
метода базира се на одређивању фази сопствених вредности и сопствених вектора
Damage of masonry infilled RC structures in February 2023 earthquakes sequence in Turkey. Decoupled infill as a solution for better behaviour
Get PDFThe predominant form of damage observed during the February 2023 earthquakes in Turkey was the extensive failure of infill walls. This paper offers an insight into the repercussions of these earthquakes on infills, as well as their consequences for both the building inventory and the inhabitants. The unsatisfactory performance and significant destruction resulting from the interaction between flexible frames and rigid infill walls underscored the conceptual inadequacy of traditional infill systems (with mortar connections between frames and infills) in seismically active regions. Consequently, this paper proposes the isolation of infill walls as a viable solution to mitigate such devastating effects. This isolation system aims to offer designers, construction companies, and workers a functional and easily applicable solution. Full-scale experimental tests on isolated infilled RC frame specimens are presented, affirming the efficacy of the isolation system for infills with windows, doors, and full walls
RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results
Get PDFRC frames with masonry infills are a widespread construction form in seismically active regions. Under seismic loading, masonry infills are activated in in-plane direction due to the frame deformation. This leads to the complex frame-infill interaction which can cause the failure of masonry infills or whole RC frame structures. Therefore, the in-plane behaviour of in-filled RC frames was a subject of many research projects that aim to predict the seismic performance of infilled frame structures or prevent the damage in masonry infills. Among many parameters that affect seismic response of infilled frames, openings are recognized to play the most significant role as they can affect the stress fields and thus alter the failure mechanism of masonry infills. This paper presents results of the investigation of in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames with and without openings. In the study, experimental results are firstly presented, and they are afterwards used for validation of numerical model. Further, influence of different opening arrangements on in-plane response of infilled frames is studied in numerical simulations. Results of the study show that openings cause the extensive damage on masonry infills and thus lead to deterioration in in-plane behaviour of infilled RC frames. Additionally, the study reveals that even large openings affect the seismic response of infilled RC frames and that they cannot be easily neglected in design process, which makes the reliable prediction of the seismic response of infilled RC frames complicated. The study points at the urgency of development of innovative solutions that will be able to prevent the damage in masonry infills and simplify their seismic design
LES study on the urban wind energy resources above the roof of buildings in generic cluster arrangements: Impact of building position
No full textUrbanisation brought an increasing prevalence of groups of high-rise buildings and raised new questions about their impact on local wind flow conditions and the wind energy harvesting potential. The focus of this study is two-fold. First, it gives insight into the interference effects around high-rise buildings based on the level of building exposure to the wind and the position of surrounding buildings. Second, it addresses wind energy resources above the roof in terms of the Wind Power Density (WPD), turbulence intensities and skew angle.
Three study cases are defined from two configurations: The isolated high-rise building and the group configuration of five identical buildings in two different arrangements. Two wind directions are included, 0°and 45°. Validated large-eddy simulations are used due to their superior simulation capabilities.
The strongest separation around the building is noted in the group configuration when the two upstream buildings produce the “channelling effect” and with other surrounding buildings compress the flow around the central one. Regarding wind energy harvesting, maximal value of 2.5 is recorded at 45°wind angle in the “cross” shape arrangement. Considering the different wind turbine types, vertical-axis wind turbines seem the most promising option for wind energy harvesting above the roof
BIM for effective project menagement during the execution phase
Get PDFConstruction projects always involve a large number of participants, and managing a vast amount of information is necessary. Additionally, each project is unique, further complicating management challenges. Construction projects are exposed to a wide range of risks. These problems have been recognized, leading to the emergence of the need for new project management systems using information technology. The fundamental idea of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is to create a digital model of a building, which also serves as a centralized database to be used in all project lifecycle stages. This paper aims to present the achievements so far in the context of 4D and 5D BIM, demonstrating its capabilities through an example in the construction phase of a building
Analiza hidroloških i termoregulacionih svojstava zelenih krovova korišćenjem fizički zasnovanih modela transporta vode i toplote kroz nezasićenu poroznu sredinu
Get PDFZeleni krovovi zbog svoje multifunkcionalnosti predstavljaju najčešće primenjivan vid prirodom inspirisanih rešenja koja za cilj imaju unapređivanje kvaliteta života u urbanim sredinama oponašanjem prirodnih uslova pre urbanizacije. U ovom radu su analizirane dve osnovne funkcije zelenih krovova, 1) ublaženje kišnog oticaja i 2) termoregulacija u unutrašnjosti objekta. Za potrebe analize ovih funkcija primenjen je uparen model transporta vode i toplote kroz nezasićenu poroznu sredinu. Model je za potrebe ovog rada razvijeni u softverskom paketu Matlab, a baziran je na linearizaciji flukseva vode i toplote razvojem u Taylor-ov red, čime se dobija eksplicitna numerička šema za rešavanje parcijalnih diferencijalnih jednačina drugog reda. Validacija ovog efikasnog fizički zasnovanog modela obavljena je poređenjem modeliranih rezultata sa osmotrenim vrednostima preuzetim iz literature koje se odnose na tlo bez vegetacije. Zatim je na hipotetičkom primeru ekstenzivnog i intenzivnog zelenog krova sprovedena analiza uticaja debljine supstrata i navodnjavanja na ublaženje maksimalnog dreniranog oticaja i smanjenje temperature na površini krovne konstrukcije. Može se zaključiti da sa porastom debljine supstrata raste retenzioni kapacitet zelenog krova, ublažava se drenirani oticaj kao i temperaturne oscilacije unutar supstrata. Takođe, navodnjavanje ima bitnu ulogu u pogledu termoregulacije jer povećana vlažnost supstrata direktno utiče na smanjenje temperature
Application of 3D Concrete Printing Technology in Serbia
Get PDF3D concrete printing technology represents a novel method for construction of concrete structures.
By utilizing computer systems and robotic technology, it enables optimization and automation in
construction industry. This paper provides an overview of the principles of 3D concrete printing,
giving information on advantages, obstacles, and directions for future development. The previous
applications of this technology are presented through several completed objects. Additionally, the
paper describes the current state of scientific research in the field of 3D concrete printing
technology in Serbia
Cathode Ray Tube Waste Glass in Concrete Preparation - Increasing Sustainability
Get PDFThe construction sector is responsible for approximately 39% of energy use and process-related carbon dioxide emissions. Mixing waste materials into concrete, as a substitute for cement
and/or aggregate, increases energy efficiency and sustainability in general. Additionally, pressure
on the environment is decreasing by reducing the amount of exploitation of natural raw materials.
On the other hand, the rapid progress of the electronic industry has led to the generation of a large
amount of electrical waste before the end of its useful life. Disposal of old monitors and TV screens, i.e. their cathode-ray tubes (CRT), represents a major problem for the environment because CRT waste is classified as hazardous due to its high lead content. This paper deals with an overview of investigations on CRT waste utilization in cement materials in order to increase sustainability and encourage a circular economy in the construction sector