Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
GraFar - Repository of the Faculty of Civil EngineeringNot a member yet
3934 research outputs found
Sort by
Adriseismic Methodology for Expeditious Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings
Get PDFThe paper describes a novel Adriseismic method for exp4editious assessment of seismic risk associated with unreinforced masonry buildings. The methodology was developed for the Adriseismic project of the Interreg ADRION programme, with the aim to develop and share tools for increasing cooperation and reducing seismic risk for six participating countries within the re-gion surrounding the Adriatic and the Ionian Seas. The method is applicable to unreinforced ma-sonry buildings characterised by three main seismic failure mechanisms, namely masonry disin-tegration, out-of-plane failure, and in-plane damage/failure. Depending on the input parameters for a specific structure, the assessment yields a qualitative output that consists of the masonry quality index, the index of structural response, the level of seismic risk, and the most probable collapse mechanism. Both input and output of the method are applied in the spreadsheet form. The method has so far been applied in urban areas of participating countries in the project, including Mirandola, Italy; Kaštela, Croatia; Belgrade, Serbia. In parallel, the methodology has been validated by performing a detailed seismic assessment of more than 25 buildings, and the results have been compared with the results of the proposed expeditious method. The results show a good correlation between the two methods, for example, the structural response index obtained from the expeditious method and the capacity/demand ratio obtained from the conventional assessment method
Between graphical zonotope and graph-associahedron
No full textThis manuscript introduces a finite collection of generalized permutohedra associated to a simple graph. The first polytope of this collection is the graphical zonotope of the graph and the last is the graph–associahedron associated to it. We describe the weighted integer points enumerators for polytopes in this collection as Hopf algebra morphisms of combinatorial Hopf algebras of decorated graphs. In the last section, we study some properties related to H–polytopes
Waste Aggregates in Asphalt Mixtures
No full textAs part of the RILEM Technical Committee TC 279-WMR on valorisation
of waste and secondary materials for roads. Task Group 3 used various
waste aggregates as a replacement for natural aggregates in asphalt mixtures,
namely, construction and demolition waste, recycled concrete aggregates and
steel slag. For this interlaboratory exchange program, the mixtures were produced
by substituting various amounts of virgin aggregates with the aforementioned
waste aggregates in various fractions. The results from eight laboratories
were compared to a reference mixture in each laboratory with conventional aggregates.
The mechanical performance of these mixtures using such alternative
aggregates indicates that bituminous mixtures prepared with the investigated
waste aggregates required higher amounts of bitumen but had acceptable volumetric
properties. Furthermore, they had better mechanical performance, regardless
of the source of recycled aggregates. The results show that such aggregates
76
can be a viable option for use in roads, thereby contributing to the zero-waste
society and reducing the use of natural aggregates. However, the adaptation of
quality control/acceptance criteria and pavement design as well as the development
of specific research aimed at assessing the environmental viability and life
cycle sustainability of such materials seem necessary
Uticaj prostorne i vremenske optimizacije rasporeda zemljanih masa na stanje životne sredine
Get PDFJedna od najvažnijih aktivnosti prilikom izgradnje auto-puteva ili velikih površinskih objekata jesu zemljani radovi, odnosno proces repetitivnih ciklusa iskopavanja, transporta i nasipanja. Ova aktivnost je izrazito finansijski zahtevna i ima veliki efekat na životnu sredinu. Efikasan plan alokacije zemljanih masa značajno smanjuje vreme i ukupne troškove, kao i emisiju neželjenih gasova u atmosferu. U osnovi optimizacije zemljanih radova stoji transportna
kojom se minimizira ukupna dužina transporta materijala na relaciji usek-nasip. Ovo rešenje najčešće podrazumeva deljenje radnog prostora u jedinice formata ćelija. Sa druge strane, vremenska komponenta neophodna za realistično rešenje transportnog problema najčešće nije poznata unapred. Pod vremenskom komponentom podrazumeva se realističan redosled pristupanja radovima u pojedinim ćelijama, bilo da se radi o redosledu iskopa ili o redosledu
nasipanja. Pored toga, važno je uzeti u obzir i kvalitet materijala, tehničke specifikacije, raspoloživu mehanizaciju, kao i položaj frontova kojima će se pristupiti pojedinim grupama ćelija. U okviru ovog rada dat je pregled postojećih metoda za optimizaciju zemljanih radova, kao i inovativan dinamički pristup zasnovan na laminarno organizovanim ćelijama
Pervious concrete pavements: The influence of solidified wastewater treatment sludge as a supplementary cementitious material on pavement porosity
Get PDFRole of water storage reservoirs management and flood mitigation in climate change conditions
Get PDFThe impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly pronounced in all aspects of human activity, but are especially evident in the field of water management. One of its most significant consequences is the increasingly pronounced temporal variability of river flows - frequent floods with increasing peak flows and long periods of low water flow. In such conditions, existing flood protection measures are often insufficient to secure the protected area. That is why flood protection systems must be constantly developed, considering their construction, as well as improvement of management measures. The paper presents the consequences of climate change on water resources on the territory of the Serbia. The main principles of water management in such conditions are defined, as well as the role of the estimation of flood hydrographs. The possibilities of applying mathematical models in order to improve the role of active flood protection measures of existing reservoirs are presented. The analyses are performed for water resources systems in the Trebišnjica and Vrbas river basins in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The main task was to analyse the reduction of peak flow in the urban areas downstream from the analysed reservoirs, taking into account the uncontrolled part of the watershed (between the urban area and the reservoir), from which the torrential tributaries originate. Performed analyses show that reservoirs (even of relatively small active storage) can significantly reduce the peak flow during flood events
The role of hydropower plants in the context of renewable energy transition - case study of pumped-storage hydropower plant Bistrica
Get PDFSeveral unfavourable processes are occurring in the energy sector. Significant capacities of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, which have variable and unpredictable availability, are being commissioned without detailed analyses of their impact on electric power systems. Meanwhile, large thermal and nuclear power plants, which have traditionally provided stability and reliability to the power system, are being decommissioned. These processes are significantly altering the role of hydropower plants. All types of hydropower plants are becoming increasingly important, particularly those with large water storage reservoirs and pumped-storage hydropower plants. In such cases, hydropower plants have the potential to balance a renewable energy system in the short term (seconds to minutes), while pumped-storage plants can provide medium to long-term balancing (months or even years).
The article discusses the trend of an increasing quantity of volatile and intermittent energy sources (wind and solar) on one side, and stagnation of predictable hydropower sources. It presents the available hydropower potential in Serbia and the real possibilities for its utilization. Additionally, it describes one of the most promising hydropower facilities, the Pumped-storage Hydropower Plant Bistrica, (which is currently in the conceptual design phase) as part of the Lim-Uvac hydropower system
Free vibration analysis of FGM plates by using layer wise displacement model
Get PDFIn this paper, the free vibration analysis of simply supported functionally graded material (FGM) plate is analyzed. The displacement model based on Generalized Laminate Plate Theory (GLPT) assumes layer wise (LW) linear variation of in–plane displacements, constant transverse displacement, linear strain–displacement relations and linear material properties. The effective material properties of FGMs are assumed to be given by the Voigt’s rule of mixture (ROM). The Power law distribution of volume fraction is assumed through the plate thickness. The mathematical model includes the quadratic variation of transverse shear stresses within each mathematical layer of the plate. The principle of virtual displacements (PVD) is used to derive Euler–Lagrange differential equations of motions for free vibration problem. The Closed form solution is derived following the Navier’s technique and solving the eigenvalue problem. An original MATLAB computer program is coded for the numerical solution. The results reveal that the effects of side–to–thickness ratio, power–low index and material properties have significant effect on free vibration frequencies of FGM plates
Hydrodynamic Loads in a Stilling Basin of a Converging Stepped Spillway: An Experimental Study
Get PDFThis paper presents a methodology for estimation of hydrodynamic loads acting on the bottom and at the walls of a stilling basin of a stepped chute with converging walls, based on the pressure measurements at the selected points of a scale model. This is the first study of hydrodynamic loads for this type of structure, and the first one of the loads on the stilling basin walls in general. For selected flow discharges, step heights and hydraulic jump submergence ratio, the hydrodynamic pressures were measured at a significant number of points, providing the spatio-temporal distribution of relevant hydrodynamic loads. The most influential effect proved to be a convergence angle of the chute walls. Based on these measurements, appropriate regression expressions were proposed for predicting hydrodynamic loads. These expressions show good agreement with measurements, offering a reliable tool for the structural design of stepped spillway stilling basins
Modeling the illumination of the church at Studenica monastery during evening services
Get PDFThis paper presents an analytical model to analyze illumination of the church interior during the evening service. The focus is on the artificial light achieved using church lighting fixtures known as polycandela, which are suspended directly below the church dome. The analysis focuses on the main church (katholikon) at Studenica Monastery, built in Serbia sometime before 1208/9. By using a computer-generated model of the Studenica church derived from high-precision laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry rather than from more conventional architectural drawings of the church, we recreate the actual three-dimensional space of the church interior. Our model allows for a quantitative calculation and analysis of the amount of artificial light that could have been achieved inside medieval churches. We apply this model for the church at Studenica to better understand the lighting of medieval structures as well as more abstract and diagrammatic qualities of the sacred space of the church manifested by light conditions.Radovi sa radionice će biti publikovni u tematskom zborniku pod istim nazivom u izdanju poznatog izdavača akademskih radova - Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Netherlands