Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
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Praćenje stanja vlažnosti u slivu korišćenjem dijagrama marginalnih raspodela dnevnih protoka
No full textPraćenje stanja vlažnosti u slivu predstavlja jedan od osnovnih zadataka operativne hidrologije. Umesto merenja i simulacije brojnih parametara koji utiču na uslove vlažnosti, kao što su padavine, vlažnost zemljišta i slično, ili dijagrama pokazatelja stanja vlažnosti, u radu je prikazana mogućnost korišćenja dijagrama marginalnih raspodela dnevnih protoka. Dijagrami su konstruisani na osnovu dnevnih protoka u periodu 1961-2020. godina i za dva potperioda: 1961-1990. i 1991-2020. godina, na deset stanica osmatračke mreže površinskih voda Republičkog hidrometeorološkog zavoda Srbije. U okviru dijagrama definisano je pet zona uslova vlažnosti koje opisuju opseg malih, srednjih i velikih voda. Prikazani su primeri osmotrenih godišnjih hidrograma nanetih na dijagrame marginalnih raspodela dnevnih protoka konstruisanih za oba potperioda. Analizirane su razlike u stanju vlažnosti koje se javljaju u zavisnosti od potperioda za koji su definisane zone. Ukazano je na potrebu da se dijagrami marginalnih raspodela, tj. zone uslova vlažnosti, periodično ažuriraju, da bi se koristili za praćenje stanja vlažnosti u slivu
Learning Through Playing with AI: Collaboration of Intelligences in Creating a Transformable 3D Art Installation - PRESENTATION
No full textDevelopment of Risk Quantification Models in Road Infrastructure Projects
No full textRoad infrastructure is a significant factor in the development of any country, affecting economic growth, social development, and environmental sustainability. Large infrastructure projects often face significant risks and uncertainties, which can lead to delays, budget over-runs, and an insufficient quality of the completed work. These issues undermine the economic viability of projects and affect the overall efficiency of infrastructure development. For these reasons, based on a literature review and completed project analysis, the risks that lead to an increasing Contract Price (ICP) and an Extension of Time (EoT) for the construction of the project are identified. Based on the results of the completed project analysis, the values of the ICP and EoT were quantified. Also, the probability of the occurrence of each risk in new projects was calculated. Based on the obtained results, a model was defined that groups risks into clusters. Risks in the first cluster should have priority for funding, and preventive measures are defined for them. The model obtained in this way can greatly enhance project management in real-world conditions and can lead to a significant reduction in project time and budget over-runs
Unapređenje održive gradnje kroz koncept nultog otpada za zaštitu gradova od kišnih poplava
No full textUrbana područja danas se suočavaju s povećanim rizikom od kišnih poplava zbog rastuće
urbanizacije i izmenjenih klimatskih uslova. Građevinska praksa zasnovana na principima
cirkularne ekonomije može ponuditi rešenja koja povećavaju rezilijentnost gradova na ovaj
problem. U radu su prikazana istraživanja o korišćenju otpadnih materijala kao zamene za
cement u proizvodnji poroznih betonskih ploča za popločavanje. Rezultati pokazuju da
otpadni materijali utiču na mehanička svojstva ploča ali ne i na hidrauličke karakteristike
koje su bitne za smanjenje površinskog oticaja vode. Ovo istraživanje pruža detaljan uvid u
održiva građevinska rešenja za adaptaciju gradova na kišne poplave
Unapređenje održive gradnje kroz upotrebu otpadnih materijala u poroznim betonima za zaštitu gradova od kišnih poplava
No full textUrbana područja se u današnje vreme suočavaju sa povećanim rizicima od kišnih poplava zbog rastuće stope urbanizacije i klimatskih promena. Održiva građevinska praksa bazirana na principima cirkularne ekonomije može ponuditi građevinska rešenja koja će povećati rezilijentnost urbanih sredina na kišne poplave. Ovaj rad istražuje mogućnosti upotrebe otpadnih materijala, kao delimične zamene za cement, u proizvodnji poroznih betonskih ploča (PBP) za popločavanje urbanih površina koje se koriste za ublažavanje efekata kišnih poplava u urbanim sredinama. Prikazana istraživanja odnose se na mehaničke, hidrauličke i tehnološke performanse PBP koje su napravljene sa solidifikovanim muljem iz postrojenja za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda. Rezultati pokazuju da otpadni materijali u PBP imaju izvestan uticaj na njihova mehanička svojstva, ali ne i na hidrauličke karakteristike koje utiču na povećanje infiltracije i smanjenje površinskog oticaja. Dodatno, korišćenje otpadnih materijala doprinosi cirkularnoj ekonomiji ponovnim korišćenjem industrijskih nusproizvoda i smanjenjem uticaja na životnu sredinu. Ovo istraživanje pruža detaljan uvid u održivost građevinskih rešenja za poboljšanje adaptabilnosti gradova na urbane poplave kroz efikasnu upotrebu otpadnih materijala
An efficient model for 3D analysis of steel frames exposed to fire
No full textThe paper presents a nonlinear concentrated plasticity frame element for advanced analysis of steel frames exposed to elevated temperatures. The element extends the formulation based on the generalized plasticity material model that was successfully applied to the analysis of steel and composite structures. It considers the material's nonlinear behavior, temperature-induced loading, strength and stiffness degradation typical for structures under fire conditions. The nonlinear geometry is taken into account with the corotational formulation. Because of the generalized plasticity relations adoption, the element can describe the gradual yielding of cross sections. At the same time, the implemented return mapping algorithm ensures the element's high computational efficiency. The governing element equations, selection of parameters and computer implementation are discussed in the paper, followed by element validation through the number of experimental data examples and other numerical models. The comparative analysis demonstrated the element's versatility and capability to accurately predict the structural response of steel frame structures exposed to fire
Seismic performance of multi-component systems in special Risk industrial facilities
No full textThis paper presents the results of the SPIF project - Seismic Performance of Multi-Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities – carried out within the framework of the European H2020 SERA funding programme. The objective of the SPIF project was to investigate the seismic behaviour of a representative industrial multi-storey moment steel frame equipped with complex process components such as vertical and horizontal vessels, pipe racks, cabinets and pipework with elbows and special flanges by means of a shaking table test at the EUCENTRE laboratory in Pavia, Italy. The seismic behaviour of the frame structure and the individual components is discussed, as well as the damage at different levels of seismic action. Special attention is given to the interactions between the supporting structure and the components. In addition, selected results of detailed numerical simulations are presented for a better understanding of the damage sequence and the complex interactions. Finally, lessons are drawn for the modelling of multicomponent systems and the earthquake resistant installation of technical components
Structural failures in timber structures: analysis of typical failure modes and their possible causes
No full textDamages or failures in timber structures have created a negative image for timber as a building material. This can raise speculations and doubts about the safety level of existing timber structures. The objective of this paper is to identify typical failure modes and their causes. Experiences from previous failure investigations are summarised. Bending failures and tension perpendicular to the grain failures are common failure modes for beams. The main type of damage affecting the integrity of cross-sections is cracking along the grain. Causes for such damages are related to overloading, frequently changing wood moisture content and tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain resulting from geometry of structural elements. In the case of failure of trusses, frames and arches dominant failure mode is instability caused by insufficient bracing. The majority of failures can be linked to design and construction errors. Manufacturing errors (wood quality, production principles and methods) only cause a small number of the failures. In order to minimise or avoid errors and thereby occurrence of failures, different recommendations are given
Analiza opterećenja vetra kod solarnih panela postavljenih na ravnim krovovima zgrada
No full textLagana potkonstrukcija sistema solarnih panela čini ih veoma osetljivim na opterećenje vetra. U slučaju postojećih objekata kod kojih postoji hidroizolacioni sloj onemogućeno je pričvršćivanje konstrukcije panela mehaničkim spojnim sredstvima. Tada se obezbeđenje stabilnosti postiže dodavanjem balasta. Da bi se izbegla neekonomična rešenja potrebno je precizno odrediti opterećenje vetra. Ipak, ni jedan važeći standard na našem području ne daje adekvatne preporuke. U ovom radu je dat osvrt na odredbe holandskog standarda NEN 7250 i prikazana je njegova primena za slučaj solarnih panela postavljenih na ravnom krovu čija se stabilnost postiže betonskim blokovima – balastima. Rad sadrži primer određivanja koeficijenta pritiska vetra za solarne panele na ravnom krovu prema standardu NEN 7250
Characterization of inter-panel connections in CLT floors using finite element model updating
No full textLarge cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors are inevitably composed of multiple CLT panels assembled on the construction site. Due to the sheer lack of adequate numerical characterization of the inter-panel connections, CLT floors are normally modelled as monolithic structures or independent “piano keyboards”, yielding significant errors between simulated and the actual vibration response. This paper presents a benchmark study for a deterministic finite element (FE) model updating of so called “an equivalent elastic strip” representation of the inter-panel connections. Fitting modelling parameters of the strip, i.e. its width and material properties, featured FE modelling and modal testing of two full-scale CLT floors composed of one and two panels connected with a half-lapped joint. The floors were made of (almost) identical panels and placed on elastic mats along their shorter edges. First, the single-panel floor was used to fit material properties of the timber and the boundary conditions. Then, the FE model updating (FEMU) of two-panel floor yielded the actual values of the strip modelling parameters. Finally, these were successfully verified by direct comparison between numerically calculated and experimentally measured modal properties of a full-scale model of a simply supported three-panel floor. The results implied that the rotational stiffness of the inter-panel connection depends strongly on its vertical vibration displacement. Consequently, values of the rotational stiffness derived from rare static tests published so far cannot be used reliably in a much subtler vibration response analysis. Future studies should feature other types of the inter-panel connections in various floor layouts and a probabilistic FEMU