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The moderating role of stigma in the relationship between depression and resilience: results of a cross-sectional study in university students
Full text linkBackground/objective: Depression is a growing concern in university students and resilience has shown to play a protective role. The impact of stigma is still under-explored, with reference to its moderating role between depression and resilience. The present study investigate such a relationship among Italian university students. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied in a simple of 1,912 students to examine the interrelationships between depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), resilience (Nicholson McBride Resilience questionnaire), and stigma (Stigma-9). Correlation, predictor, and moderation analyses were applied in RStudio. Results: A negative correlation was found between depressive symptoms and resilience (r = −0.455, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between depressive symptoms and stigma (r = 0.207, p < 0.001). Lower levels of resilience and higher levels of stigma were significant predictors of depressive symptoms [F(df, n) = 190.8(3, 1884), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.236]. The moderation analysis showed a weakening of resilience protective effect against depression as stigma levels increase [F(df,n) = 186.7(3,1908), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.226]. Conclusion: Stigma influences the relationship between depression and resilience. Anti-stigma interventions and programs empowering resilience, should be implemented in university settings to protect students from depression
Diamond machining of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V ELI: Newer mode of material removal challenging the current simulation tools
Full text linkSingle Point diamond machining (SPDM) produces smooth machined surfaces that other production methods cannot match. While the mechanics of machining of cast alloys with SPDM is well-explored, the realm of SPDM for additively manufactured parts remains largely uncharted. This work reveals new insights into the surface generation process of an additively manufactured titanium alloy, specifically, a Ti6Al4V Extra Low Interstitials (ELI) alloy workpiece. Our examination of the chip morphology unveiled a distinct mode of chip removal, previously unrecorded in existing literature. During SPDM of additively made Ti6Al4V ELI workpiece, identification of numerous pores and discontinuities in the chips flowing on the tool rake face, indicating periodic intermittent cracking during the material's plastic flow was seen. To examine this phenomenon, a finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed. While the FEA model can well explain the machining mechanics and chip morphology of SPDM of cast Ti6Al4V ELI reported in the literature, it failed to describe the chip morphology that are obtained during machining of additively made workpiece in this work. This disparity underscores the need for innovative simulation approaches tailored for additively manufactured components. The experimental observations in this study highlight a unique form of chip formation in contrast to conventional Ti6Al4V alloy machining processes. At lower feeds, there was a presence of short, discontinuous chip formation with tearing at the outer periphery. Conversely, at higher feeds, a long, continuous ribbon-like chip formation was observed. In addition, some typical additive manufacturing defects appear on the machined surface and chips. Through optimisation of the SPDT parameters, a surface roughness (Ra) value of about 11.8 nm was achieved on additively manufactured Ti6Al4V ELI workpiece. This work provides a fresh perspective on the mechanics of SPDM for additively manufactured components, offering a stepping stone for subsequent studies
Perceived Foolishness: How Does the Saltybet Community Construct AI vs AI Spectatorship?
Full text linkThe spectatorship of games has become a topic of growing interest with the parallel rise of esports and livestreaming platforms. Taking Saltybet.com as its primary case study, this paper examines cases where zero-player games played by artificial intelligence-controlled characters are the focus of spectatorship. A discourse analysis identifies trends and themes in the recorded chat transcripts of 15 livestreamed tournaments from Saltybet.com where players bet fake money on the outcome of fighting game matches between AI opponents. Several themes are identified that guide discussion on how spectators discuss AI players as well as their own and the community's behaviour. These insights may be applicable to understanding the broad appeal of the entertainment people derive from AI generally whether they were meant to entertain or not. The discussion explores how the absence of human players and the scale of Saltybet's niche audience contribute to a unique, but foolish space
The effect of team sport on the perceived health and wellbeing of medically discharged United Kingdom Wounded, Injured or Sick (WIS) military veterans - phase 1 of a mixed methods study
No full textFace the (unamplified) music: Key findings for musicians
Full text linkMusic is complex. There are risks to hearing health associated with playing due to excessive sound exposure. Face the Music is an on-going cross-sectional project to assess the risks to unamplified classical musicians. Key findings over the first fifteen years are presented based on the research undertaken with a leading conservatoire on more than 5000 classical music students. The work covers hearing health surveillance, education and awareness, sound exposure, and new technology. The future of the research programme is discussed along with opportunities in objective hearing health assessment and new acoustic solutions. A lot has changed in fifteen years, but the research was driven by a change in United Kingdom legislation. It is hoped that the research results can inform future regulation
What are the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of children with special educational needs and disabilities from parents’ experiences? An integrative review
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic led the United Kingdom (UK) into a national lockdown in March 2020. The UK government has acknowledged that children and young people (CYP) with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) were left behind during the pandemic. This integrative literature review aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of CYP with SEND from parents’ experiences. The review included 14 papers: quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. Parents’ experience of the COVID-19 pandemic was mostly negative; CYP were left behind, experienced reduced or suspended services, and loss of social interactions and support networks. However, a few parents reported some positive effects; families could spend more time together, and children experienced reduced anxiety as strict routines were relaxed. Most papers identified were completed during or just after the first lockdown. Therefore, none of the papers included whether CYP’s development has been affected in the longer term
Surface mapping of photocatalytic activity in heterogeneous TiO2 films
Full text linkRecent developments in advanced spectroscopy and imaging techniques are shedding light into key charge transfer processes and kinetics in photocatalysis. Complementary photocatalytic reactions with local markers and surface structural mapping are essential to establish property-function correlations in photocatalytic materials. The current work describes a simple approach to probe heterogeneous photocatalytic surfaces using digital colorimetry and the well-established smart ink test, based on the photo-induced reduction of resazurin dye. Surface crystallographic phase mapping is carried out using valence band photoemission spectra (depth resolution of ca. 5 nm). The method has prospective implementation to pixel-by-pixel analysis using high resolution cameras at micron scale
IOA Diploma best final project course 2022-23 at London South Bank University, receives NTI-Audio award
Full text linkAs it is customary at the IOA January London Branch meetings, some of the best IOA Diploma student final projects undertaken at the London South Bank University (LSBU) are presented by their authors. In addition, the NTI-Audio LSBU IOA Diploma Student Final Project award ceremony takes place also during the January London Branch meetings. This competitive award was set up in 2019 in collaboration with the sponsor of the award, acoustics instrumentation manufacturer NTI-Audio, to recognise and celebrate excellence of final Diploma projects at LSBU.
This year’s meeting took place on 17 January 2024 in-person and also was streamed online to remote attendees. It has marked the sixth anniversary of this successful award event. The hybrid meeting was well attended by a mix of senior consultants, academics, acoustics students and alumni.
The two shortlisted finalists of the class 2022-23 for the award were: Rhiannon Hawkins on Acoustic design of heritage school buildings and Rebecca Page on Impact Noise and Vibration Induced by Deadlifts
Embedding student-centred active learning environment with upside-down pedagogies in teaching practice: What works for psychology?
Full text linkStudent-Centred Active Learning Environment with Upside-down Pedagogies (SCALE-UP) is a set of collaborative learning techniques that are shown to reduce the continuation and awarding gaps between students of Black, Asian and other Minority Ethnicities (BAME) and White students when SCALE-UP is implemented throughout every module in an undergraduate course. The aim of this project was to evaluate the impact of SCALE-UP on a level-four Psychology module consisting of 140 students to inform considerations of wider implementation. Although the grades and gaps on this single module did not differ significantly from other modules, written feedback from students indicated that students appreciated the authenticity of interactions afforded by SCALE-UP. Staff recognised the growing confidence of their students when expressing their views in class, peer interactions and group activities. These are indicators of the potential benefits that large-scale implementation of SCALE-UP could contribute to closing or removing continuation and awarding gaps
The role of interoceptive awareness in shaping the relationship between desire thinking and cigarette consumption.
Full text linkInteroception, the ability to sense and interpret bodily sensations, has recently emerged as a crucial factor in substance use disorders, including smoking. However, the role of interoceptive awareness in tobacco use remains poorly understood. The relationship between interoceptive ability and addictive behavior is complex, and attempting to conceptualize it as a linear association is unlikely to fully capture the complexity of the mechanisms underlying cravings and urges. We hypothesized that the role played by interoceptive awareness in tobacco use is deeply linked to desire thinking, that is, the conscious and voluntary cognitive process orienting to prefigure images, information, and memories about positive target-related experiences. Desire thinking is typically observed in addiction, where it may contribute to interpreting specific bodily sensations, such as the perceived need for a cigarette. From this perspective, the physiological impact and inclination toward desire thinking contribute to a higher daily cigarette consumption, particularly in situations of low interoceptive awareness. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the physiological activation, the tendency toward desire thinking about smoking, cigarette consumption, and the interoceptive abilities of smoking volunteers. Through a moderation analysis, we showed that desire thinking about smoking predicts a higher number of cigarettes per day in individuals with lower interoceptive awareness (p < .05). These findings suggest that the relationship between desire thinking and interoceptive awareness is a fundamental component of tobacco use, highlighting the importance of taking into account the bodily feedback deriving from the cognitive representation of smoking in addiction research and therapy